Combining form usually a vowel – most common is “o”
Ana – Greek for up or through Tomy – incision or cutting up
Eye is also OP- opthamalic, optomotrist, opthamalogist
Sometimes the combining vowels are io like card io myo pathy (heart –muscle – disease)
Osteo – bones Arthr- joints Itis- inflammation
Homogeneous-uniform in composition. Ex are homogenous suspensions gen – kind, species
A way to remember A-for arteries sends the blood Away from the heart. Veins blood back to the heart. Vericos veins occur because vein is not strong enough to carry blood and it collapses. ERYTHR – means red LEUK – means white your heart is divided into four chambers: the left atrium and left ventricle , as well as the right atrium and right ventricle . The left side is receiving "good," oxygen-rich blood from your lungs , sending it through the left atrium down into the left ventricle, where the heart's contraction forces it through a valve into the aorta. The left side of the heart would be OK if it took its oxygen right there in the chambers, but the right side would be out of luck. The right atrium handles "bad," oxygen-poor blood from all over the body and ships it down into the right ventricle. From there, the heart's contraction forces this bad blood out into the pulmonary artery , which forwards it to the lungs. This blood gains oxygen again, but it still returns to the side of the heart dealing in good blood -- the left side. The right side never sees oxygenated blood pass through it, so it needs its own supply. http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/heart-pump-blood1.htm http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/circulatory/heart-pump-blood1.htm Platelets are also apart of the blood that help to maintain hemostasis- causing bleeding process to stop. if too high bleeding can occur; if too low, clotting can occur NOT HOMEOSTASIS- which is same- standing still – constant state- equillibrium state
When blood is forced out of the heart, the increased pressure is called systolic pressure (top #) the relaxation phase is the diastolic pressure (bottom #) BP is basically a measurement of the pressure that the blood goes into the blood vessels. Too high obviously causes damage to vessels or in combo with high cholesterol you can have plaque build up which puts a person at risk for heart attack or stroke b/c of clogged artery Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and the Treatment of High Blood Pressure, known as JNC 7. Less than 120/80 is normal 120-139/80-89 is considered prehypertension 140-159/90-99 us stage 1 Greater=160/greater =100 is stage 2
Angioedma Cardiomyopathy – disease of the heart muscle
The thyroid, a small gland found in the neck near the voice box, produce hormones that help regulate the body's functions. The thyroid itself is actually regulated by a hormone called TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) released by the pituitary gland in the brain. After being stimulated by TSH released by the pituitary, the thyroid produces hormones that regulate metabolism, the process by which the body turns food into energy. Thyroid hormones affect the heart, brain, and digestive system. When thyroid disease occurs, the delicate hormonal balance usually established by the pituitary and thyroid glands becomes disrupted. http://www.everydayhealth.com/thyroid-conditions/thyroid-disease-and-your-health.aspx
Parathyroid glands – there are four small glands located on the thyroid Thymus – used within the immune system- I believe it produces t-cells Insulin is important for bringing sugar into the cells to help with functioning. Low lnsulin leads to high sugar in blood , Epi catecholiamine used in the “fight or flight” response
Alimentary tract contains organs such as lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, rectum, and anus, in addition to the GI tract Ducts carry bile from the liver ( hepatic duct ) and the gallbladder ( cystic duct ) to the duodenum.
System that goes from the mouth to the anus-alimentary al –pertaining to (of or relating to nurishment) In an adult male human, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is 5 metres (20 ft) long in a live subject, or up to 9 metres (30 ft) without the effect of muscle tone , and consists of the upper and lower GI tracts. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alimentary_system Some additional gastrointestinal terminology Gastritis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, colonoscopy, scopy-examination
From Latin integumentum, from integere 'to cover'; from in- + tegere 'to cover http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integumentary_system Skin: 1 st line of defense, acts as a barrier against disease and physical hazards Controls body temperature by releasing heat through sweat or constricting blood vessels to act as insulation Hair and nails are made of keratin
Mastitis, (inflammation of the mammary glands Onych-mycosis- fungal infection of the nails Dermatitis- inflammation of the skin Subcutaneous- just beneath the skin transdermal –through the skin (transdermal patches for pain or nausea)
Mastitis, (inflammation of the mammary glands Onych-mycosis- fungal infection of the nails Dermatitis- inflammation of the skin Subcutaneous- just beneath the skin
The thymus produces T-cells
Leukemia- cancer of the white blood cells Hemophillia- disease in which the blood does not clot normally so pt bleeds a lot Hematoma- fancy word for bruise- a collection of blood, often clotted
Muscles give shape and movement to the skeleton
Fibromyalgia = chronic pain in the muscles Myoplasty = plastic surgery of muscle tissue Tendonitis = inflammation of a tendon
OK to read this Nervous system is the body’s system of communication Brain and spinal cord are the primary parts of this system
Born with more bones as a baby- babies have more cartilage and then grows to bone. (soft spot of skull) Babies have 305 vs 206 Bones are held together at joints by connective tissue called ligaments and cartilage Joint range from rigid to those allowing full motion (e.g., the ball and socket joints of the hips and shoulders).
Red is the axial AND blue is the appendicular Arthritis- inflammation of the joints arthralgia- joint pain Osteoarthritis- more specific type of chronic arthritis involving bones (you can get as you age- more bilateral Not unilateral)
Anatomy: vagina to cervix (opening into) uterus, fallopian tubes on each side as well as ovaries. All eggs stored in ovaries. Each month one egg is released and travels through fallopian tubes and into uterus in preparation for fertilization/ implantation (pregnancy) If the egg is not fertilized and implanted, the linings sloths off hence menstrual cycle. Birth controls- work by different mechanisms- 1. prevention of ovulation 2. Creates harsh environment so that egg can not implant and sperm will not survive 3. Emergency contraception – because it is time sensitive (must be taken within the first 72 hours after intercourse) it does NOT work primarily in preventing ovulation rather it causes the lining of the uterus to sloth off thus preventing ANY implantation
Dys – painful or difficult
Vasectomy- removal of segment of vas deferens (for means of sterilization) Aspermia- inability to secrete sperm Prostatitis – inflammation of the prostate DRE- digital rectal exam – recommended age 50 by American Cancer Society, but American Urological Society says 40 Most common cancer in American men- PSA still (prostate specific antigen blood test still used for diagnostic tool) http://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/guide/prostate-cancer-digital-rectal-exam
As air enters through the nose, it is warmed, moistened, and filtered. Inside the lungs, the bronchial tubes branch out and lead to the alveolar sacs that are the site of gas exchange within the lungs. tracheostomy (TRA-ke-OS-to-me) is a surgically made hole that goes through the front of your neck and into your trachea (TRA-ke-ah), or windpipe. The hole is made to help you breathe. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/trach/trach_whatis.html
There are several million nephrons in the kidneys. Waste materials from the blood may also be filtered into the tubule or may be secreted into the tubule at sites other than the glomerulus. Every day, a person’s kidneys process about 200 quarts of blood to sift out about 2 quarts of waste products and extra water. The wastes and extra water become urine, which flows to the bladder through tubes called ureters. The bladder stores urine until releasing it through urination. http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/Kudiseases/pubs/yourkidneys/
occurs in the area between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear , including a duct known as the eustachian tube . surgical procedure that places a small ventilation tube in the eardrum to improve air flow and prevent fluid backup in the middle ear. The most commonly used tubes stay in place for six to nine months and require follow-up visits until they fall out. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/earinfections Most tubes stay in place for 3 to 18 months, average is 9 months,
USE TO SAY HEARING BUT WORDS ARE FOR SIGHT!!!
Someone with 20/20 visual acuity does not have “perfect” vision, since it is quite possible to see better than 20/20. The less the bottom number in the visual acuity ratio, the better the acuity; and the greater the bottom number, the worse the acuity http://www.tedmontgomery.com/the_eye/index.html
Go over all abbreviations and give quizzes to students to keep reinforcing the importance of knowing all of them.
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