9. Questo bottone permette di cambiare la scala: l’oggetto imitato viene “potenziato” con funzioni non realizzabili nel modello reale R.Polillo - Ottobre 2010
10. 1. Comporre il numero 2. Cliccare la cornetta (sic!) R.Polillo - Ottobre 2010 IBM Smart Phone
11. Da: IBM, Aptiva Communication Center R.Polillo - Ottobre 2010
41. Il ciclo compito-manufatto Bisogno Manufatto “ Non appena viene introdotto un nuovo manufatto, inizia una co-evoluzione dell’artefatto e di chi lo usa” D.C.Engelbart R.Polillo - Ottobre 2010
58. Design pattern in architettura R.Polillo - Ottobre 2010 “ Colloca la scala principale in una posizione chiave, centrale e visibile. Tratta l’intera scala come una stanza (o, se all’esterno, come un cortile). Disponila in modo che la scala e la stanza siano una cosa sola, con la scala che scende attorno a una o due pareti della stanza. Allarga il fondo della scala con finestre aperte o balaustre, e con ampi gradini, in modo che le persone che scendono lungo la scala diventino parte dell’azione della stanza mentre sono ancora sulla scala, e che le persone in basso usino naturalmente i gradini per sedersi”. Da C.Alexander, A Pattern Language
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63. Creazione Ma esiste veramente la creazione dal nulla? R.Polillo - Ottobre 2010
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Hinweis der Redaktion
IBM SMART PHONE Welcome to the future; one without distracting windows and menu bars. The RealPhone is an experiment in user interface design for a new, real-world user interface style... Put a telephone-type keypad on any application, and the user will pretty rapidly guess that it's a telephone application. Sure, having an image of a telephone handset helps, but it's not necessary. Make the handset a necessary control for the application, and you'll have a lot of users that are unaware that it's a control. Controls should look like controls, and they should appear manipulatable. If you can use a telephone, you can use this software. Here's where the metaphor starts to break down. No matter how similar your program appears to look like a phone, it will always operate differently. When using a real phone, you pick up the phone, verify the dial tone, then dial your number. With RealPhone you dial your number, then point to the handset and click on it to start the call. Furthermore, to speed dial a number on a real phone, you pick up the handset, then press the speed dial number. On RealPhone however, you simply click on the speed dial number, which is likely to lead to a lot of inadvertent phone calls. Inadvertent mouse clicks don't happen when using real-world phones, but they occur frequently in computer-based applications. Novice users can use it immediately... Not likely. The application does not provide an area to type the number to be dialed. It displays numbers as they are typed, but because there is no control to receive the focus, there is no indication that you can type at all. Furthermore, while the interface provides command buttons for Redial and Flash, it does not provide a command button to initiate the call once the number has been entered. The user has to click on the handset, which is so non-intuitive that few users would ever consider trying it. In order to compensate for the non-intuitiveness of the interface, RealPhone relies on extremely lengthy tooltips to provide instructions. Many of the tips are so long they cannot be read in the display time for the tooltips (less than 3 seconds). http://www.iarchitect.com/mshame.htm
The Address Book function in IBM's Aptiva Communication Center illustrates the joy the developers must have felt when they discovered the use of tabbed dialogs: The developers seem to have beside themselves with the new ability to place tab controls whereever they wanted. Tabs are placed along the top and along both sides; undoubtedly, if they were not constrained by the size of a 640x480 screen, they would have found a reason to put tabs along the bottom as well. Of all the various sets of tabs, only those tabs along the right side of the display are appropriate in this dialog. These allow the user to quickly "move" to an appropriate page in the address book. While not easily discernible, there are two tabs along the left-hand side of the dialog; these allow the user to toggle the display between the Address Book view, and a Speed Dial view. The "tabs" along the top are particularly deserving of attention. Of the nine "tabs", only two, Add and Change, can be argued to cause a different tab to be displayed. "Change" causes the currently selected record to be displayed in the "notebook" area of the display, and "Add" causes a blank record to be displayed in the area. The other seven "tabs" are actually command buttons, each either causing a secondary dialog to be displayed, or initiate an immediate action. This is the kind of design that gives tabbed dialogs a bad reputation.
Un altro brevetto americano datato 1898, di Matthew Schooley, che pertanto precede quello della figura precedente. Tutte le immagini delle paper clip sono tratte da “The evolution of useful things”, di H.Petroski, Vintage Books, 1992
Un brevetto americano del 1921, di Clarence Collette, che evita alla clip di sfilarsi