2. Royce was born in the Mother Lode town of Grass Valley in 1855, subsumed into his theory of Higher Provincialism all that he had experience of California as a boy in mining camp.

3. For Royce, California was a prism through which the larger American identity, for better and for worse, could be glimpsed.

4. The ‘Provincialism’ is based on a Harvard philosopher which extolled regional life as something profoundly serving the human need for community.

5. Royce argued the fostered community by providing Americans with an appropriate human scale. California

6. Week 2: War and peace From 1854 the Navy maintained an important ship repair facility on Mare Island in San Francisco Bay. As the United States moved in the direction of becoming a global military power especially a sea power, the military importance in California increased. In 1914 the Navy established its Pacific Fleet, supported by a growing naval presence in San Diego. The San Francisco Bay area and metropolitan Los Angeles had each finally developed important port and ship repair facilities, both military and civilian, and secured the sources of water and hydroelectricity nevessary for an expanded defense industrial capacity.

7. Week 3: Making it happen The Great Depression came late to California, and it came more subtly because the California economy was diversified into agricultural, industrial, entertainment, tourist, and service sectors. The Depression got to California by the early 1930s. The Gold Rush was an epic of personal labor in which men of every social background sought their fortunes through the work of their hands.

8. Week 4: Arnold Behind the recall election could be found proximate causes such as: energy crisis, a crushing shortfall of revenues following the collapse of the dot-com industry, an imprudently expanded state budget, and many more. Arnold Schwarzenegger was elected in the year 2003. California was for its first 110 years a predominantly Republican state.