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EL PROBLEMA DUAL 
MAXIMIZAR 
Z= 400A + 300B 
2A + B ≀ 60 
A + 3B ≀ 40 
A + B ≀ 30 
A, B ≄ 0 
FORMA ESTÁNDAR 
Z= 400A + 300B + 0H1 + 0H2 + 0H3 
2A + B + H1 ≀ 60 
A + 3B +H2 ≀ 40 
A + B + H3 ≀ 30 
A, B, H1, H2, H3 ≄ 0 
FORMA CANÓNICA O DE ECUACIONES 
Z - 400A - 300B - 0H1 - 0H2 - 0H3 = 0 
2A + B + H1 = 60 
A + 3B +H2 = 40 
A + B + H3 = 30 
A, B, H1, H2, H3 ≄ 0 
TABLA SIMPLEX 
Z A B H1 H2 H3 
Z 1 -400 -300 0 0 0 0 
H1 0 2 1 1 0 0 60 
H2 0 1 3 0 1 0 40 
H3 0 1 1 0 0 1 30 
Z 0 0 100 0 0 400 12000 
H1 0 0 -1 1 0 -2 0 
H2 0 0 2 0 1 -1 10 
A 0 1 1 0 0 1 30 
VB VALOR 
VARIABLES 
VE= A 
VS= H3 
PIVOTE=1 
RESPUESTAS DEL PROBLEMA PRIMAL: 
Solución Óptima Z= 12000 
Valores Óptimos A=30 H1=0 
B= 0 H2=10 
H3=0
FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA DUAL 
2Y1 + Y3 = 400 
-Y1 - Y3 = 300 
Y1 = 100 
2(100) + Y3 = 400 
Y3 = 400-200 
Y3 = 200 
MINIMIZAR 
Z= 4X1 + 7X2 
X1 ≀ 6 
2X2 = 14 
3X1 + 2X2 ≄ 20 
Xi ≄ 0 
FORMA ESTÁNDAR 
Z= 4X1 + 7X2 +MA1 +MA2 + 0H1 + 0H2 (-1) 
-Z= -4X1 - 7X2 -MA1 -MA2 - 0H1 - 0H2 
X1 + H1 ≀ 6 
2X2 + A1 =14 (-M) 
3X1 + 2X2 + A2 – H2 ≄ 20 (-M) 
X1, X2, A1, A2, H1, H2 ≄ 0 
FORMA CANÓNICA O DE ECUACIONES 
MINIMIZAR 
Z= 60Y1 + 40Y2 + 30Y3 Y1=100 
2Y1 + Y2 + Y3 ≄ 400 Y2= 0 
Y1 + 3Y2 + Y3 ≄ 300 Y3= 200 
Yi ≄ 0 COMPROBACIÓN 
Z= 60(100)+40(0)+30(200) 
Z= 6000 + 6000 
Z= 12000
-Z + 4X1 + 7X2 +MA1 + MA2 +0H1+0H2 = 0 
-2MX2 -MA1 = -14M 
- 3MX1 -2MX2 -MA2 +MH2= -20M 
-Z+ (-3M+4) X1+ (-4M+7) X2 +0H1+MH2= -34M 
X1 + H1 = 6 
2X2 + A1 = 14 
3X1 + 2X2 + A2 -H2 = 20 
X1, X2, A1, A2, H1, H2 ≄ 0 
TABLA SIMPLEX 
FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA DUAL 
Z X1 X2 A1 A2 H1 H2 
Z -1 (-3M+4) (-4M+7) 0 0 0 M (-34M) 
H1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 6 
A1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 14 
A2 0 3 2 0 1 0 -1 20 
Z -1 (-3M+4) 0 (2M-7/2) 0 0 M (-6M-49) 
H1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 6 
X2 0 0 1 1/2 0 0 0 7 
A2 0 3 0 -1 1 0 -1 6 
Z -1 0 0 (M-13/6) (M-4/3) 0 1 1/3 -57 
H1 0 0 0 1/3 - 1/3 1 1/3 4 
X2 0 0 1 1/2 0 0 0 7 
X1 0 1 0 - 1/3 1/3 0 - 1/3 2 
VB VALOR 
VARIABLES 
SA 
VE= X2 
VS= A1 
PIVOTE= 2 
VE= X1 
VS= A2 
PIVOTE= 3 
RESPUESTAS: 
Solución Óptima -Z= -57 Z=57 
Valores Óptimos X1=2 H1=4 
X2=7 H2=0 
MINIMIZAR 
Z= 6Y1 + 14Y2 + 20Y3 Y1=0 
Y1 + 3Y3 ≄ 4 Y2= 13/6 
2Y2 + 2Y3 < > 7 Y3= 4/3 
Yi ≄ 0 COMPROBACIÓN 
Z= 6(0)+14(13/6)+20(4/3) 
Z= 57
3Y3 =4 
Y3 = 4/3 
2Y2 + 2(4/3) =7 
2Y2 +8/3 = 7 
Y2 = 13/6 
MAXIMIZAR 
Z= 4X1 + 7X2 
X1 ≀ 4 
2X2 ≀ 12 
3X1 + 2X2 = 18 
Xi ≄ 0 
FORMA ESTÁNDAR 
Z= 4X1 + 7X2 –MA1 + 0H1 + 0H2 
X1 + H1 ≀ 4 
2X2 + H2 ≀ 12 
3X1 + 2X2 + A1 = 18 (-M) 
X1, X2, A1, H1, H2 ≄ 0 
FORMA CANÓNICA O DE ECUACIONES 
Z - 4X1 - 7X2 +MA1 -0H1- 0H2 = 0 
- 3MX1 -2MX2 - MA1 = -18M 
Z+ (-3M-4) X1+ (-2M-7) X2 -0H1-0H2 = -18M 
X1 + H1 = 4 
2X2 + H2 = 12 
3X1 + 2X2 + A1 = 18 
X1, X2, A1, H1, H2 ≄ 0 
TABLA SIMPLEX 
SA
FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA DUAL 
3Y3= 4 
Y3= 4/3 
2Y2 +2(4/3) = 7 
2Y2 = 13/3 
Y2 = 13/6 
Z X1 X2 A1 H1 H2 
Z 1 (-3M-4) (-2M-7) 0 0 0 (-18M) 
A1 0 3 2 1 0 0 18 
H1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4 
H2 0 0 2 0 0 1 12 
Z 1 0 (-2M-7) 0 (3M+4) 0 (-6M+16) 
A1 0 0 2 1 -3 0 6 
X1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4 
H2 0 0 2 0 0 1 12 
Z 1 0 0 (M+7/2) -6 1/2 0 37 
X2 0 0 1 1/2 -1 1/2 0 3 
X1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4 
H2 0 0 0 -1 3 1 6 
Z 1 0 0 (M+4/3) 0 2 1/6 50 
X2 0 0 1 0 0 1/2 6 
X1 0 1 0 1/3 0 - 1/3 2 
H1 0 0 0 - 1/3 1 1/3 2 
VB VALOR 
VARIABLES 
VE= X1 
VS= H1 
PIVOTE= 1 
VE= X2 
VS= A1 
PIVOTE= 2 
RESPUESTAS: 
Solución Óptima Z= 50 
Valores Óptimos X1=2 H1=2 
X2=6 H2=0 
VE= H1 
VS= H2 
PIVOTE= 3 
MINIMIZAR 
Z= 4Y1 + 12Y2 + 18Y3 Y1=0 
Y1 + 3Y3 ≄ 4 Y2= 13/6 
2Y2 + 2Y3 ≄ 7 Y3= 4/3 
Yi ≄ 0 COMPROBACIÓN 
Z= 4(0)+12(13/6)+18(4/3) 
Z= 50

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Problema dual

  • 1. EL PROBLEMA DUAL MAXIMIZAR Z= 400A + 300B 2A + B ≀ 60 A + 3B ≀ 40 A + B ≀ 30 A, B ≄ 0 FORMA ESTÁNDAR Z= 400A + 300B + 0H1 + 0H2 + 0H3 2A + B + H1 ≀ 60 A + 3B +H2 ≀ 40 A + B + H3 ≀ 30 A, B, H1, H2, H3 ≄ 0 FORMA CANÓNICA O DE ECUACIONES Z - 400A - 300B - 0H1 - 0H2 - 0H3 = 0 2A + B + H1 = 60 A + 3B +H2 = 40 A + B + H3 = 30 A, B, H1, H2, H3 ≄ 0 TABLA SIMPLEX Z A B H1 H2 H3 Z 1 -400 -300 0 0 0 0 H1 0 2 1 1 0 0 60 H2 0 1 3 0 1 0 40 H3 0 1 1 0 0 1 30 Z 0 0 100 0 0 400 12000 H1 0 0 -1 1 0 -2 0 H2 0 0 2 0 1 -1 10 A 0 1 1 0 0 1 30 VB VALOR VARIABLES VE= A VS= H3 PIVOTE=1 RESPUESTAS DEL PROBLEMA PRIMAL: SoluciĂłn Óptima Z= 12000 Valores Óptimos A=30 H1=0 B= 0 H2=10 H3=0
  • 2. FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA DUAL 2Y1 + Y3 = 400 -Y1 - Y3 = 300 Y1 = 100 2(100) + Y3 = 400 Y3 = 400-200 Y3 = 200 MINIMIZAR Z= 4X1 + 7X2 X1 ≀ 6 2X2 = 14 3X1 + 2X2 ≄ 20 Xi ≄ 0 FORMA ESTÁNDAR Z= 4X1 + 7X2 +MA1 +MA2 + 0H1 + 0H2 (-1) -Z= -4X1 - 7X2 -MA1 -MA2 - 0H1 - 0H2 X1 + H1 ≀ 6 2X2 + A1 =14 (-M) 3X1 + 2X2 + A2 – H2 ≄ 20 (-M) X1, X2, A1, A2, H1, H2 ≄ 0 FORMA CANÓNICA O DE ECUACIONES MINIMIZAR Z= 60Y1 + 40Y2 + 30Y3 Y1=100 2Y1 + Y2 + Y3 ≄ 400 Y2= 0 Y1 + 3Y2 + Y3 ≄ 300 Y3= 200 Yi ≄ 0 COMPROBACIÓN Z= 60(100)+40(0)+30(200) Z= 6000 + 6000 Z= 12000
  • 3. -Z + 4X1 + 7X2 +MA1 + MA2 +0H1+0H2 = 0 -2MX2 -MA1 = -14M - 3MX1 -2MX2 -MA2 +MH2= -20M -Z+ (-3M+4) X1+ (-4M+7) X2 +0H1+MH2= -34M X1 + H1 = 6 2X2 + A1 = 14 3X1 + 2X2 + A2 -H2 = 20 X1, X2, A1, A2, H1, H2 ≄ 0 TABLA SIMPLEX FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA DUAL Z X1 X2 A1 A2 H1 H2 Z -1 (-3M+4) (-4M+7) 0 0 0 M (-34M) H1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 6 A1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 14 A2 0 3 2 0 1 0 -1 20 Z -1 (-3M+4) 0 (2M-7/2) 0 0 M (-6M-49) H1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 6 X2 0 0 1 1/2 0 0 0 7 A2 0 3 0 -1 1 0 -1 6 Z -1 0 0 (M-13/6) (M-4/3) 0 1 1/3 -57 H1 0 0 0 1/3 - 1/3 1 1/3 4 X2 0 0 1 1/2 0 0 0 7 X1 0 1 0 - 1/3 1/3 0 - 1/3 2 VB VALOR VARIABLES SA VE= X2 VS= A1 PIVOTE= 2 VE= X1 VS= A2 PIVOTE= 3 RESPUESTAS: SoluciĂłn Óptima -Z= -57 Z=57 Valores Óptimos X1=2 H1=4 X2=7 H2=0 MINIMIZAR Z= 6Y1 + 14Y2 + 20Y3 Y1=0 Y1 + 3Y3 ≄ 4 Y2= 13/6 2Y2 + 2Y3 < > 7 Y3= 4/3 Yi ≄ 0 COMPROBACIÓN Z= 6(0)+14(13/6)+20(4/3) Z= 57
  • 4. 3Y3 =4 Y3 = 4/3 2Y2 + 2(4/3) =7 2Y2 +8/3 = 7 Y2 = 13/6 MAXIMIZAR Z= 4X1 + 7X2 X1 ≀ 4 2X2 ≀ 12 3X1 + 2X2 = 18 Xi ≄ 0 FORMA ESTÁNDAR Z= 4X1 + 7X2 –MA1 + 0H1 + 0H2 X1 + H1 ≀ 4 2X2 + H2 ≀ 12 3X1 + 2X2 + A1 = 18 (-M) X1, X2, A1, H1, H2 ≄ 0 FORMA CANÓNICA O DE ECUACIONES Z - 4X1 - 7X2 +MA1 -0H1- 0H2 = 0 - 3MX1 -2MX2 - MA1 = -18M Z+ (-3M-4) X1+ (-2M-7) X2 -0H1-0H2 = -18M X1 + H1 = 4 2X2 + H2 = 12 3X1 + 2X2 + A1 = 18 X1, X2, A1, H1, H2 ≄ 0 TABLA SIMPLEX SA
  • 5. FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA DUAL 3Y3= 4 Y3= 4/3 2Y2 +2(4/3) = 7 2Y2 = 13/3 Y2 = 13/6 Z X1 X2 A1 H1 H2 Z 1 (-3M-4) (-2M-7) 0 0 0 (-18M) A1 0 3 2 1 0 0 18 H1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4 H2 0 0 2 0 0 1 12 Z 1 0 (-2M-7) 0 (3M+4) 0 (-6M+16) A1 0 0 2 1 -3 0 6 X1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4 H2 0 0 2 0 0 1 12 Z 1 0 0 (M+7/2) -6 1/2 0 37 X2 0 0 1 1/2 -1 1/2 0 3 X1 0 1 0 0 1 0 4 H2 0 0 0 -1 3 1 6 Z 1 0 0 (M+4/3) 0 2 1/6 50 X2 0 0 1 0 0 1/2 6 X1 0 1 0 1/3 0 - 1/3 2 H1 0 0 0 - 1/3 1 1/3 2 VB VALOR VARIABLES VE= X1 VS= H1 PIVOTE= 1 VE= X2 VS= A1 PIVOTE= 2 RESPUESTAS: SoluciĂłn Óptima Z= 50 Valores Óptimos X1=2 H1=2 X2=6 H2=0 VE= H1 VS= H2 PIVOTE= 3 MINIMIZAR Z= 4Y1 + 12Y2 + 18Y3 Y1=0 Y1 + 3Y3 ≄ 4 Y2= 13/6 2Y2 + 2Y3 ≄ 7 Y3= 4/3 Yi ≄ 0 COMPROBACIÓN Z= 4(0)+12(13/6)+18(4/3) Z= 50