Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Dynasty launched a war against the unconquered state of Kalinga in the 12th year of his reign after they refused to submit to his rule. The battle, which took place along the Daya River and at Dhauli Hill, turned the whole of Kalinga into a brutal battlefield. Over 100,000 Kalingans lost their lives and 150,000 more were injured, while an equal number of Mauryan soldiers also perished. After witnessing the massive bloodshed and devastated families, Ashoka embraced Buddhism and rebuilt his empire based on principles of peace and harmony, establishing the concept of Dhammavijaya or victory through Dharma.