SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 3
According to the text, economic outcomes measured by
economic growth is affected by a number of factors. Also,
hundreds of empirical studies on economic growth across
countries have highlighted the correlation between economic
growth and a variety of variables.
Claims regarding the determinants of economic growth are
conditional, and the findings depend on the variables
used. However, the availability of physical capital or
infrastructure, government consumption, terms of trade,
macroeconomic stability, the rule of law, regulatory quality,
government effectiveness, foreign direct investments,
population size, and natural resource availability are the most
consistent findings of empirical studies on economic growth.
Review the literature on economic growth and provide a
summary of how:
Population affects economic growth
Natural Resource Abundance affects economic growth
Note: The answers you provide to each of these sub-questions
should not be more than 15 sentences.
Also note that because this is a literature review you must cite
credible sources; avoid using news articles.
The examples below should serve as a guide
Example 1: The example below shows how inflation affects
investment in a study of the effect of inflation on investment.
The destabilizing effect of inflation on investment has been a
major source of debate in economic and business literature.
Generally, inflation is often considered a sign of
macroeconomic instability and the inability of government to
control macroeconomic policy, both of which contribute to an
adverse investment climate (Fischer, 2013; Greene &
Villanueva, 1991). However, the empirical evidence is still far
from convincing. While some authors claim positive effects of
inflation on investment, others hold that inflation poses a
“stealth” threat to investments. For example, Greene and
Villanueva (1991) argue that high rate of inflation adversely
affects private investment activity by increasing the riskiness of
long-term investment projects. Also, Fischer (2013) observed
that inflation uncertainty is associated with substantial
reduction in total investment. On the contrary, McClain and
Nicholes (1993) found that investment and inflation are
positively related to each other.
Example 2: The example below shows how natural resource
endowments affects income inequality in a study of the
determinants of income inequality.
The nexus between natural resource endowments and income
inequality has also been widely debated and has inspired a long
history of research in both economics and political science (see,
for example, Fum and Hodler, 2010; Goderis and Malone, 2011;
Leamer, Maul, Rodriguez, and Schott, 1999; Carmignani, 2013;
Parcero and Papyrakis, 2016; Bourguignon and Morrisson,
1998). For example, Anderson et al., (2004) argue that natural
resources endowment provide a plausible explanation as to why
the observed levels of inequality are significantly higher in both
sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America (with predominantly high
ratios of natural resources to other factors) than they are in
either South or East Asia (with predominantly low ratios of
natural resources relative to other factors). The intuition is that,
natural resources are prone to rent-creation that are easily
captured by the ruling elite who are intransigent to redistribute
towards the lower class, which in turn exacerbates the income
gap between the ruling class and the poor majority (Nikoloski,
2009).
***These examples are from my own publications***
VERY USEFUL VIDEOS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IUZWZX4OGI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoYpyY9n9YQ

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie According to the text, economic outcomes measured by economic gr.docx

Savings-Growth-Inflation nexus in Asia: Panel Data Approach
Savings-Growth-Inflation nexus in Asia: Panel Data ApproachSavings-Growth-Inflation nexus in Asia: Panel Data Approach
Savings-Growth-Inflation nexus in Asia: Panel Data Approach
iosrjce
 
Effect of Corruption on Natural Disaster Vulnerability
Effect of Corruption on Natural Disaster Vulnerability Effect of Corruption on Natural Disaster Vulnerability
Effect of Corruption on Natural Disaster Vulnerability
Md Boby Sabur
 
Dina Patel MA Thesis Economic Diversification Abstract and Introduction
Dina Patel MA Thesis Economic Diversification Abstract and IntroductionDina Patel MA Thesis Economic Diversification Abstract and Introduction
Dina Patel MA Thesis Economic Diversification Abstract and Introduction
Dina Patel
 
Corruption, Judicial Accountability and Inequality: Unfair Procedures May Ben...
Corruption, Judicial Accountability and Inequality: Unfair Procedures May Ben...Corruption, Judicial Accountability and Inequality: Unfair Procedures May Ben...
Corruption, Judicial Accountability and Inequality: Unfair Procedures May Ben...
Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics
 
Innovation a modern model for estimating volume of money laundering
Innovation a modern model for estimating volume of money launderingInnovation a modern model for estimating volume of money laundering
Innovation a modern model for estimating volume of money laundering
Alexander Decker
 
Attracting Investment Governments’ Strategic Role in LaborR.docx
Attracting Investment Governments’ Strategic Role in LaborR.docxAttracting Investment Governments’ Strategic Role in LaborR.docx
Attracting Investment Governments’ Strategic Role in LaborR.docx
rock73
 
Scott_Chad The Effects of Natural Resources on Education Spending
Scott_Chad The Effects of Natural Resources on Education SpendingScott_Chad The Effects of Natural Resources on Education Spending
Scott_Chad The Effects of Natural Resources on Education Spending
Chad Scott
 
Game Theory and Climate Change
Game Theory and Climate ChangeGame Theory and Climate Change
Game Theory and Climate Change
Dr. Amarjeet Singh
 
Bodea-Singh-Higashijima (World Development)
Bodea-Singh-Higashijima (World Development)Bodea-Singh-Higashijima (World Development)
Bodea-Singh-Higashijima (World Development)
Raju Jan SINGH
 
An empirical test of the relationship between private savings
An empirical test of the relationship between private savingsAn empirical test of the relationship between private savings
An empirical test of the relationship between private savings
Alexander Decker
 
An empirical test of the relationship between private savings
An empirical test of the relationship between private savingsAn empirical test of the relationship between private savings
An empirical test of the relationship between private savings
Alexander Decker
 

Ähnlich wie According to the text, economic outcomes measured by economic gr.docx (20)

Government budget control under the period of inflation: Evidence from Madaga...
Government budget control under the period of inflation: Evidence from Madaga...Government budget control under the period of inflation: Evidence from Madaga...
Government budget control under the period of inflation: Evidence from Madaga...
 
An empirical analysis of the structure and growth of federal government expen...
An empirical analysis of the structure and growth of federal government expen...An empirical analysis of the structure and growth of federal government expen...
An empirical analysis of the structure and growth of federal government expen...
 
Savings-Growth-Inflation nexus in Asia: Panel Data Approach
Savings-Growth-Inflation nexus in Asia: Panel Data ApproachSavings-Growth-Inflation nexus in Asia: Panel Data Approach
Savings-Growth-Inflation nexus in Asia: Panel Data Approach
 
Effect of Corruption on Natural Disaster Vulnerability
Effect of Corruption on Natural Disaster Vulnerability Effect of Corruption on Natural Disaster Vulnerability
Effect of Corruption on Natural Disaster Vulnerability
 
Dina Patel MA Thesis Economic Diversification Abstract and Introduction
Dina Patel MA Thesis Economic Diversification Abstract and IntroductionDina Patel MA Thesis Economic Diversification Abstract and Introduction
Dina Patel MA Thesis Economic Diversification Abstract and Introduction
 
Corruption, Judicial Accountability and Inequality: Unfair Procedures May Ben...
Corruption, Judicial Accountability and Inequality: Unfair Procedures May Ben...Corruption, Judicial Accountability and Inequality: Unfair Procedures May Ben...
Corruption, Judicial Accountability and Inequality: Unfair Procedures May Ben...
 
Innovation a modern model for estimating volume of money laundering
Innovation a modern model for estimating volume of money launderingInnovation a modern model for estimating volume of money laundering
Innovation a modern model for estimating volume of money laundering
 
POLITICAL INSTABITLIY, DEFENSE SPENDING AND ITS IMPACTS (PAKISTAN)
POLITICAL INSTABITLIY, DEFENSE SPENDING AND ITS IMPACTS (PAKISTAN)POLITICAL INSTABITLIY, DEFENSE SPENDING AND ITS IMPACTS (PAKISTAN)
POLITICAL INSTABITLIY, DEFENSE SPENDING AND ITS IMPACTS (PAKISTAN)
 
119132 article text-328889-1-10-20150709 (2)
119132 article text-328889-1-10-20150709 (2)119132 article text-328889-1-10-20150709 (2)
119132 article text-328889-1-10-20150709 (2)
 
Attracting Investment Governments’ Strategic Role in LaborR.docx
Attracting Investment Governments’ Strategic Role in LaborR.docxAttracting Investment Governments’ Strategic Role in LaborR.docx
Attracting Investment Governments’ Strategic Role in LaborR.docx
 
Scott_Chad The Effects of Natural Resources on Education Spending
Scott_Chad The Effects of Natural Resources on Education SpendingScott_Chad The Effects of Natural Resources on Education Spending
Scott_Chad The Effects of Natural Resources on Education Spending
 
Game Theory and Climate Change
Game Theory and Climate ChangeGame Theory and Climate Change
Game Theory and Climate Change
 
Budget Deficit and Economic Growth in Liberia: An Empirical Investigation
Budget Deficit and Economic Growth in Liberia: An Empirical InvestigationBudget Deficit and Economic Growth in Liberia: An Empirical Investigation
Budget Deficit and Economic Growth in Liberia: An Empirical Investigation
 
Bodea-Singh-Higashijima (World Development)
Bodea-Singh-Higashijima (World Development)Bodea-Singh-Higashijima (World Development)
Bodea-Singh-Higashijima (World Development)
 
A trivariate causality test among economic growth, government expenditure and...
A trivariate causality test among economic growth, government expenditure and...A trivariate causality test among economic growth, government expenditure and...
A trivariate causality test among economic growth, government expenditure and...
 
11.a trivariate causality test among economic growth, government expenditure ...
11.a trivariate causality test among economic growth, government expenditure ...11.a trivariate causality test among economic growth, government expenditure ...
11.a trivariate causality test among economic growth, government expenditure ...
 
Does government spending spur economic growth evidence from nigeria
Does government spending spur economic growth  evidence from nigeriaDoes government spending spur economic growth  evidence from nigeria
Does government spending spur economic growth evidence from nigeria
 
Corruption and the Military in Politics
Corruption and the Military in PoliticsCorruption and the Military in Politics
Corruption and the Military in Politics
 
An empirical test of the relationship between private savings
An empirical test of the relationship between private savingsAn empirical test of the relationship between private savings
An empirical test of the relationship between private savings
 
An empirical test of the relationship between private savings
An empirical test of the relationship between private savingsAn empirical test of the relationship between private savings
An empirical test of the relationship between private savings
 

Mehr von ronak56

According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5 Eng.docx
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5 Eng.docxAccording to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5 Eng.docx
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5 Eng.docx
ronak56
 
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5.docx
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5.docxAccording to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5.docx
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5.docx
ronak56
 
According to the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), part of.docx
According to the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), part of.docxAccording to the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), part of.docx
According to the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), part of.docx
ronak56
 
According to this idea that gender is socially constructed, answer.docx
According to this idea that gender is socially constructed, answer.docxAccording to this idea that gender is socially constructed, answer.docx
According to this idea that gender is socially constructed, answer.docx
ronak56
 
According to the author, Social Security is an essential program, .docx
According to the author, Social Security is an essential program, .docxAccording to the author, Social Security is an essential program, .docx
According to the author, Social Security is an essential program, .docx
ronak56
 

Mehr von ronak56 (20)

According to the textbook, the Federal Disaster Assistance Act of 19.docx
According to the textbook, the Federal Disaster Assistance Act of 19.docxAccording to the textbook, the Federal Disaster Assistance Act of 19.docx
According to the textbook, the Federal Disaster Assistance Act of 19.docx
 
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5 Eng.docx
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5 Eng.docxAccording to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5 Eng.docx
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5 Eng.docx
 
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5.docx
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5.docxAccording to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5.docx
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 5.docx
 
According to the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), part of.docx
According to the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), part of.docxAccording to the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), part of.docx
According to the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), part of.docx
 
According to the article, Answer these two questions. Why did Ma.docx
According to the article, Answer these two questions. Why did Ma.docxAccording to the article, Answer these two questions. Why did Ma.docx
According to the article, Answer these two questions. Why did Ma.docx
 
According to Neuman’s theory, a human being is a total person as a c.docx
According to Neuman’s theory, a human being is a total person as a c.docxAccording to Neuman’s theory, a human being is a total person as a c.docx
According to Neuman’s theory, a human being is a total person as a c.docx
 
According to Rolando et al. (2012), alcohol socialization is the pr.docx
According to Rolando et al. (2012), alcohol socialization is the pr.docxAccording to Rolando et al. (2012), alcohol socialization is the pr.docx
According to Rolando et al. (2012), alcohol socialization is the pr.docx
 
According to your readings, cloud computing represents one of th.docx
According to your readings, cloud computing represents one of th.docxAccording to your readings, cloud computing represents one of th.docx
According to your readings, cloud computing represents one of th.docx
 
According to this idea that gender is socially constructed, answer.docx
According to this idea that gender is socially constructed, answer.docxAccording to this idea that gender is socially constructed, answer.docx
According to this idea that gender is socially constructed, answer.docx
 
According to Thiel (2015, p. 40), CSR literature lacks consensus fo.docx
According to Thiel (2015, p. 40), CSR literature lacks consensus fo.docxAccording to Thiel (2015, p. 40), CSR literature lacks consensus fo.docx
According to Thiel (2015, p. 40), CSR literature lacks consensus fo.docx
 
According to recent surveys, China, India, and the Philippines are t.docx
According to recent surveys, China, India, and the Philippines are t.docxAccording to recent surveys, China, India, and the Philippines are t.docx
According to recent surveys, China, India, and the Philippines are t.docx
 
According to Rolando et al. (2012), alcohol socialization is th.docx
According to Rolando et al. (2012), alcohol socialization is th.docxAccording to Rolando et al. (2012), alcohol socialization is th.docx
According to Rolando et al. (2012), alcohol socialization is th.docx
 
According to the author, Social Security is an essential program, .docx
According to the author, Social Security is an essential program, .docxAccording to the author, Social Security is an essential program, .docx
According to the author, Social Security is an essential program, .docx
 
According to Morrish, the blame for the ever-growing problem of disc.docx
According to Morrish, the blame for the ever-growing problem of disc.docxAccording to Morrish, the blame for the ever-growing problem of disc.docx
According to Morrish, the blame for the ever-growing problem of disc.docx
 
According to DuBrin (2015), Cultural intelligence is an outsiders .docx
According to DuBrin (2015), Cultural intelligence is an outsiders .docxAccording to DuBrin (2015), Cultural intelligence is an outsiders .docx
According to DuBrin (2015), Cultural intelligence is an outsiders .docx
 
According to Edgar Schein, organizational culture are the shared.docx
According to Edgar Schein, organizational culture are the shared.docxAccording to Edgar Schein, organizational culture are the shared.docx
According to Edgar Schein, organizational culture are the shared.docx
 
According to DuBrin (2015), the following strategies or tactics are .docx
According to DuBrin (2015), the following strategies or tactics are .docxAccording to DuBrin (2015), the following strategies or tactics are .docx
According to DuBrin (2015), the following strategies or tactics are .docx
 
According to DuBrin (2015), the following strategies or tactics .docx
According to DuBrin (2015), the following strategies or tactics .docxAccording to DuBrin (2015), the following strategies or tactics .docx
According to DuBrin (2015), the following strategies or tactics .docx
 
Access the Mental Measurements Yearbook, located in the Univer.docx
Access the Mental Measurements Yearbook, located in the Univer.docxAccess the Mental Measurements Yearbook, located in the Univer.docx
Access the Mental Measurements Yearbook, located in the Univer.docx
 
According to Collins, the book of Ruth is about levirate marriag.docx
According to Collins, the book of Ruth is about levirate marriag.docxAccording to Collins, the book of Ruth is about levirate marriag.docx
According to Collins, the book of Ruth is about levirate marriag.docx
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
ciinovamais
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
QucHHunhnh
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
 
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
 
Third Battle of Panipat detailed notes.pptx
Third Battle of Panipat detailed notes.pptxThird Battle of Panipat detailed notes.pptx
Third Battle of Panipat detailed notes.pptx
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
 
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptxUnit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
 
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
 
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
 
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning ExhibitSociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
 
Spatium Project Simulation student brief
Spatium Project Simulation student briefSpatium Project Simulation student brief
Spatium Project Simulation student brief
 
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
psychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docxpsychiatric  nursing HISTORY  COLLECTION  .docx
psychiatric nursing HISTORY COLLECTION .docx
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
 
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POSHow to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
How to Manage Global Discount in Odoo 17 POS
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
 
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptxSKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
SKILL OF INTRODUCING THE LESSON MICRO SKILLS.pptx
 
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptxICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
 
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
 
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
 

According to the text, economic outcomes measured by economic gr.docx

  • 1. According to the text, economic outcomes measured by economic growth is affected by a number of factors. Also, hundreds of empirical studies on economic growth across countries have highlighted the correlation between economic growth and a variety of variables. Claims regarding the determinants of economic growth are conditional, and the findings depend on the variables used. However, the availability of physical capital or infrastructure, government consumption, terms of trade, macroeconomic stability, the rule of law, regulatory quality, government effectiveness, foreign direct investments, population size, and natural resource availability are the most consistent findings of empirical studies on economic growth. Review the literature on economic growth and provide a summary of how: Population affects economic growth Natural Resource Abundance affects economic growth Note: The answers you provide to each of these sub-questions should not be more than 15 sentences. Also note that because this is a literature review you must cite credible sources; avoid using news articles. The examples below should serve as a guide Example 1: The example below shows how inflation affects
  • 2. investment in a study of the effect of inflation on investment. The destabilizing effect of inflation on investment has been a major source of debate in economic and business literature. Generally, inflation is often considered a sign of macroeconomic instability and the inability of government to control macroeconomic policy, both of which contribute to an adverse investment climate (Fischer, 2013; Greene & Villanueva, 1991). However, the empirical evidence is still far from convincing. While some authors claim positive effects of inflation on investment, others hold that inflation poses a “stealth” threat to investments. For example, Greene and Villanueva (1991) argue that high rate of inflation adversely affects private investment activity by increasing the riskiness of long-term investment projects. Also, Fischer (2013) observed that inflation uncertainty is associated with substantial reduction in total investment. On the contrary, McClain and Nicholes (1993) found that investment and inflation are positively related to each other. Example 2: The example below shows how natural resource endowments affects income inequality in a study of the determinants of income inequality. The nexus between natural resource endowments and income inequality has also been widely debated and has inspired a long history of research in both economics and political science (see, for example, Fum and Hodler, 2010; Goderis and Malone, 2011; Leamer, Maul, Rodriguez, and Schott, 1999; Carmignani, 2013; Parcero and Papyrakis, 2016; Bourguignon and Morrisson, 1998). For example, Anderson et al., (2004) argue that natural resources endowment provide a plausible explanation as to why the observed levels of inequality are significantly higher in both sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America (with predominantly high ratios of natural resources to other factors) than they are in either South or East Asia (with predominantly low ratios of
  • 3. natural resources relative to other factors). The intuition is that, natural resources are prone to rent-creation that are easily captured by the ruling elite who are intransigent to redistribute towards the lower class, which in turn exacerbates the income gap between the ruling class and the poor majority (Nikoloski, 2009). ***These examples are from my own publications*** VERY USEFUL VIDEOS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IUZWZX4OGI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UoYpyY9n9YQ