1. CONJUNCTIVE COHESION
The conjunctive cohesion or conjunctive relations refers to the logical
relationships that the writer creates between the parts of a text.
These links create meaning between clauses or sentences, as well as may
refer to external logical relations (real world) or internal relations (the writer
´s organization of the text).
The conjunctive cohesion contributes to make the texture of a text, as it
helps to build the semantic unit (unproblematic text).
There are three main kinds of conjunctive cohesion:
• Elaboration: relationship of restatement or clarification; one sentence
is presented as a re-saying, an explanation of a previous sentence (like
clearing up the idea). Examples: in other words, that is to say, for
example.
• Extension: relationship of addition (one sentence adds to the meaning
made in another) or variation (one sentence changes the meaning of
another; contrast or qualification). Examples: and, also, in addition,
but, instead.
• Enhancement: one sentence can develop on the meaning of another,
in terms of dimensions such as a time (then, next, at the same time),
comparison (similarly, in a different way), cause (because of that, as a
result, so), condition or concession (but, still, however).
This cohesion can be expressed explicitly by words or expressions, or
implicitly by the juxtaposition of sentences; that is to say although there is no
conjunction linking word, the reader makes sense reading in an extending
relation between the sentences.
2. Examples from The Happy Prince
Elaboration: “The ruby has fallen out of his sword, his eyes are gone, and he
is golden no longer”, said the Mayor, “in fact, he is little better than a
beggar.”
Extension-variation: But the Happy Prince looked so sad that the little
Swallow was sorry.
Extension-addition: (...) for in my garden of Paradise this little bird shall sing
for evermore, and in my city of gold the Happy Prince shall praise me.
Enhancement-temporal: Then the Swallow flew back to the Happy Prince (...)
Enhancement-causal: “(...) we must throw it away.” So they threw it on a
dust-heap (...)
Enhancement-concessive: (...) there were two rude boys, the miller´s sons,
who were always throwing stones at me. They never hit me (...), but still, it
was a mark of disrespect.