This ppt explains us about the physiological issues with respect to work and health an individual faces.

1. Physiological issues in
Work & Health

2. Introduction
• Ergonomics is defined as the study of man in relation to
his work and work environment.
• Aims of ergonomics:
a. To increase efficiency and productivity
b. Safety
c. Health of man at work

4. Classification of work
• Work is classified into 3 principal categories:
1. SedentaryWork - (105-210) Eg. Computer operators.
2. ModerateWork - (316-420) Eg. stone workers
3. HeavyWork - (421-525) Eg. lumberjacks

5. SEDENTARY
WORK

6. MODERATEWORKERS

7. HEAVY WORK

8. Physiological factors involved in
muscular work

9. • The branch of science that deals with physiological aspects of
man at work is called as “Work Physiology”
WORK PHYSIOLOGY
HUMAN BIOLOGY INDUSTRIAL PHYSIOLOGY

10. Physiological parameters that change during work:
a. Heart rate
b. Blood pressure
c. Cardiac output
d. Body temperature
e. Respiration
f. Pulmonary ventilation
g. Oxygen uptake

11. h. Carbon dioxide production
i. Rate of perspiration
j. Change in composition of blood and urine
These are to be studied both during REST andWORK
PERIOD.

12. Major factors involved in
muscular work

13. PhysiologicalWorkload refers to the physical or muscular
effort required on the part of the worker to accomplish a task.
The supply of energy for muscular activity and efficiency of
work are governed by:
1. Fuel
2. Role of oxygen
3. Cardio-vascular function
4. Respiratory function
5. Thermo-regulatory function

14. Fuel
• Energy for muscular work is provided by”
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats

16. Role of Oxygen
1. Oxygen Demand: it increases with increase in
muscular activity.
2. Oxygen Requirement: rest: 150-250cc/min.
hard-work: 10 times or more
3. Oxygen supply
4. Steady State
5. Oxygen Debt

18. Cardio-vascular system
1. Cardiac output
2. StrokeVolume
3. Blood Pressure

19. Respiratory Functions
Breathing/ ventilation:
External Respiration
Internal respiration
Cellular respiration
Pulmonary respiration
Tidal Air/ tidalVolume

20. Thermo-regulatory system
• Maintaining body temperature
• Internal body temp. must be kept constant
• 2 physiological mechanisms involved in maintaining body
temp. :
a. Circulating system
b. Sweating mechanism

21. Factors modifying physiological workload
A. Workers related factors: age, gender, nutrition,
training, physical fitness, posture.
B. Work related factors: intensity, duration,
mechanization
C. Environment related Factors: temperature, humidity,
clothing