This document discusses lymphocytosis and eosinophilia. Lymphocytosis is an increased number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood and can be either absolute or relative. Absolute lymphocytosis refers to lymphocyte counts above the normal range, while relative lymphocytosis means the lymphocyte proportion is above normal. Causes of absolute lymphocytosis include various viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections as well as cancers. Causes of relative lymphocytosis include age under 2 years, viral infections, and connective tissue diseases. Eosinophilia is defined as an eosinophil count above normal levels and can be caused by parasite infections, allergic reactions, drugs, skin diseases, infections, pulmonary conditions, cancers, and other miscellaneous issues.

1. Peripheral Smear Preparation
And Leucocytosis

37. Lymphocytosis

38. •Lymphocytosis is an increase in the number or
proportion of lymphocytes in the blood.
•It could be absolute or relative lymphocytosis.
•Absolute lymphocytosis is the condition where there
is an increase in the lymphocyte count beyond the
normal range while relative lymphocytosis refers to
the condition where the proportion of lymphocytes
relative to white blood cell count is above the normal
range.

39. Causes of absolute lymphocytosis include:
.Acute viral infections, such as infectious
mononucleosis (glandular
fever), hepatitis and Cytomegalovirus infection
.Other acute infections such as pertussis
.Some protozoal infections, such as toxoplasmosis and
American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)
.Chronic intracellular bacterial infections such
as tuberculosisor brucellosis
.Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
.Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
.Lymphoma
.Post-splenectomy state

40. •Causes of relative lymphocytosis
include:
•Age less than 2 years;
•Acute viral infections;
•Connective tissue diseases
•Thyrotoxicosis
•Addison's disease
•Splenomegaly with splenic
sequestration of granulocytes.

41. Eosinophilia

42. Definition; eosinophilia is the rise in the eosinophil count in peripheral
blood above the normal absolute count(440/cumm).
Morphology of eosinophil
10-15 um in diameter/ bilobed spectacle shaped nuclease/ cytoplasm
contain large coarse red granules.
Normal values
Absolute count; 40-440 cell/cumm.
Differential count;1-6 percent.

43. Cause of eosinophilia
pathological
• parasite infection; eosinophilia is induced due to allergic reaction to
parasite like hookworm, roundworm, tapeworm, hydatid disease,
filariasis. In all of these cases eosinophilia is observed in the range of 20-
30percent, in some case it may go up to 60percent.
• Allergic reaction; like bronchial asthma, angioneurotic edema, hay
fever, henoch schonlein purpura, serum sickness.
• drug like chlorpromazine, penicillin, and streptomycin.
•
•skin disease; dermatitis herpatiformis, psoriasis, pemphigus, eczema,
scabies, and exfoliative dermatitis.
• infection; in acute infection in early stages count decrease followed by
increase eg scarlet fever.

44. • pulmonary condition; tropical eosinophilia, loeffler syndrom.
•Malignant condition; chronic myeloid leukemia, eosinophilic
leukemia, hodgkins disease.(in 10 percent case only).
• familial eosinophilia; hereditary autosomal dominant condition in
which eosinophilia is observed.
• miscellaneous condition; polyarthritis nodosa, systemic lupus
erythematosis(SLE), eosinophilic granuloma, ulcerative colitis,
addison disease.

46. Thank you