Kanser iwasan
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Lecture about cancer
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Kanser iwasan
- 4. LUNG CANCER
- 6. LIVER CANCER
- 8. COLON CANCER
- 11. PROSTATE CANCER
- 12. SKIN CANCER
Hinweis der Redaktion
- More years of menstruation. Starting menstruation at an early age — before age 12 — or beginning menopause later increases the risk of endometrial cancer. The more periods you've had, the more exposure your endometrium has had to estrogen. Never having been pregnant. Women who have never been pregnant have a higher risk of endometrial cancer than do women who have had at least one pregnancy. Older age. As you get older, your risk of endometrial cancer increases. Endometrial cancer occurs most often in women who have undergone menopause. Obesity. Being obese increases your risk of endometrial cancer. This may occur because excess body fat alters your body's balance of hormones. Hormone therapy for breast cancer. Women with breast cancer who take the hormone therapy drug tamoxifen have an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer. If you're taking tamoxifen, discuss this risk with your doctor. For most women, the benefits of tamoxifen outweigh the small risk of endometrial cancer. An inherited colon cancer syndrome. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is a syndrome that increases the risk of colon cancer and other cancers, including endometrial cancer. HNPCC occurs because of a gene mutation passed from parents to children. If a family member has been diagnosed with HNPCC, discuss your risk of the genetic syndrome with your doctor. If you've been diagnosed with HNPCC, ask your doctor what cancer screening tests you should undergo.
- Age Prostate cancer is more common in older men. It is quite rare in men under 50. Between 2009 and 2011, around a third of all diagnoses in the UK were in men over 75. 1 in 8 men in the UK will get prostate cancer at some point in their lives. Ethnicity Prostate cancer is more common in black-African men than white men. It is least common in Asian men. Family history and genes Your risk of prostate cancer is higher if you have a close relative, such as a brother or father, who has had prostate cancer. Some inherited genes can increase your risk of prostate cancer. These inherited genes are rare and account for only a small number of prostate cancers. The risk increases by up to 5 times in men with the gene BRCA2. And the risk might increase with the BRCA1 gene. These genes also cause breast and ovarian cancers. Men with a rare syndrome called Lynch syndrome have a higher chance of developing prostate cancer and some other cancers. A change in one of the genes that fixes mistakes in DNA causes this syndrome eg. MSH2 and MLH1 genes. Researchers are looking into other genes that might also increase the risk of prostate cancer. Being overweight or obese Obese means being very overweight with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher. And being overweight means having a BMI of between 25 and 30. Try to keep a healthy weight by being physically active and eating a healthy, balanced diet. There is some evidence that being active might help to lower your risk of developing prostate cancer. Being overweight or obese increases your risk of advanced prostate cancer. Researchers have found a link between being obese or overweight and cancers being higher grade (faster growing). Height Taller men have a higher risk than shorter men of getting a faster growing (high grade) prostate cancer or prostate cancer that has spread. Insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) Hormone levels may play a part in the risk of developing prostate cancer. Insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) is a hormone our body makes. It regulates normal cell growth and death. Studies have found that there is a higher risk of prostate cancer when there is a high level of IGF-1 in the body. A high level of IGF-1 doesn’t cause symptoms in men. A previous cancer Men who have had certain cancers in the past might have a slightly increased risk of getting prostate cancer. The cancers include kidney cancer bladder cancer lung cancer thyroid cancer melanoma skin cancer Vasectomy Vasectomy is a way of sterilising men and is a type of permanent birth control. Your risk of getting prostate cancer is slightly higher if you have had a vasectomy compared to men who haven’t. Inflammation of the prostate Inflammation of the prostate gland is called prostatitis. The evidence on whether prostatitis causes prostate cancer is mixed. Some studies suggest that there is a link between them but others don’t. Cadmium Cadmium and cadmium compounds are possible causes of prostate cancer. Cadmium is a type of metal that is in tobacco smoke and food. Non smokers are exposed to it through food. It is in most types of food including vegetables, meats, grains and fish.
- Most skin cancers are caused by exposure to the sun. This may be long-term exposure or short periods of overexposure. This is because ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun damages the DNA (genetic material) in our skin cells. There are two main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). People with a history of sunburn or overexposure to the sun in childhood have a greater risk of developing BBC. This won’t usually show up until many years later. Sun exposure over your lifetime is more significant in developing SCC. People who work outdoors have a greater risk of skin cancer as they are exposed to the sun for long periods of time. Fair-skinned people have a greater risk than black- or brown-skinned people. This is because the pigment in darker skin gives protection. Regularly using sunbeds and sunlamps can also increase the risk of developing some skin cancers. Other risk factors include previous skin cancers, previous radiotherapy treatment, lowered immunity, overexposure to chemicals at work and rare genetic conditions.