Elements Of Arts

1. Lines 6. SHAPE
2.Texture
3.Form
4.Space
5.Color

 Line is defined as a mark that spans a distance
between two points (or the path of a moving point),
taking any form along the way. As an art element, line
pertains to the use of various marks, outlines and
implied lines in artwork and design, most often used
to define shape in two-dimensional work. Implied line
is the path that the viewer's eye takes as it follows
shapes, colors, and form along a path, but may not be
continuous or physically connected, such as the line
created by a dancer's arms, torso, and legs when
performing an arabesque.

 HORIZONTAL LINES – parallel to the ground
- means to be at rest
VERTICAL LINES – move straight up
- means dignity and
strength

 DIAGONAL LINES – lines that are leaning
- means uncomfortable
 CURVED LINES – lines that seem to change
directions.
- means graceful

 Zigzag Lines – combination of diagonal lines
- means action, excitement, confusion

 Surface quality of an object
 The texture is the quality of a surface or the way any
work of art is represented. Lines and shading can be
used to create different textures as well. For example, if
one is portraying certain fabrics, one needs to give the
feeling of the right texture so that it closely resembles
what the artist is trying to convey. It can be implied or
real. What you can feel with your sense of touch.

 TACTILE TEXTURES – real textures, you can touch
and feel

 ARTIFICIAL TEXTURES – human-made surface
quality

 Visual Textures – revoked by a photograph or picture
depicting an object
*HILLS OF NIKKO BY JOSE
JOYA
THIS PAINTING SHOWS A
VISUAL TEXTURE*

 Refers to an object with three dimension ( height,
width and depth )
 Form may be created by the forming of two or more
shapes or as three-dimensional shape (cube, pyramid,
sphere, cylinder, etc.). It may be enhanced by tone,
texture and color. Form is considered three-
dimensional showing height, width and depth.
Examples of these are sculpture, theatre play and
figurines.

Escaping Criticism
by
Pere Borrel del Caso

Refers to the distance or area within the objects
Space is the area provided for a particular purpose.
Space includes the background, foreground and
middle ground. Space refers to the distances or areas
around, between or within components of a piece.
There are two types of space: positive and negative
space. Positive space refers to the space of a shape
representing the subject matter. Negative space refers
to the space around and between the subject matter.
Space is also defined as the distance between
identifiable points or planes in a work of art.

THIS PAINTING
SHOWS AN
ARTWORKS
WITH POSTIVE
AND NEGATIVE
SPACE

 Derived from reflected light
 Color pertains to the use of hue in artwork and design.
Defined as primary colors (red, yellow,
blue) which cannot be mixed in pigment from other
hues, secondary colors (green, orange, violet) which
are directly mixed from combinations of primary
colors. Further combinations of primary and
secondary colors create tertiary (and more)
hues. Tint and Shade are references to adding
variations in Value; other tertiary colors are derived by
mixing either a primary or secondary color with a
neutral color.

 Primary colors are sets of colors that can be
combined to make a useful range of colors. For human
applications, three primary colors are usually used,
since human color vision is trichromatic.
YELLOW
RED
BLUE

 A secondary color is a color made by mixing
two primary colors in a given color space.

 Hue – is the color’s name
 Value – is the property of color concerned with the
lightness of darkness of a hue
 Intensity – is the brightness or dullness of a color

Colors opposite to each
other on the color wheel
Red and Green are
complementary colors

Harmony of one color and its
variations or different values of a
single color.
A color scheme using dark blue,
medium blue, light blue are
monochromatic

Colors that are side
by side on the color
wheel and share a
hue.

 Two – dimensional figure enclosed by a line.
 Shape pertains to the use of areas in two dimensional
space that can be defined by edges, setting one flat
specific space apart from another. Shapes can be
geometric (e.g.: square, circle, triangle, hexagon, etc.)
or organic (such as the shape of a puddle, blob, leaf,
boomerang, etc.) Shapes are defined by other elements
of art: Space, Line, Texture, Value, Color, Form.

 SQUARE, CIRCLE, TRIANGLE RECTANGLE, OVAL
 Precise shapes

 These are not regular or not even shapes

Elements of Music
Basic Elements of music include
rhythm, melody, dynamics,
harmony, texture, form, color,
and style.

Elements of Music
• Rhythm
- the most basic element of music is rhythm, the over-all movement or swing.
 Meters means measure
and refers to the number
of beats in a rhythmic unit,
or measure.
 Tempo refers to speed ,
whether the music moves
fast or slowly.

Elements of Music
• Melody
- by melody we mean an
orderly succession of tones,
or musical sounds.
- the smallest melodic unit
is the motif, which expands
into a phrase.

Elements of Music
• Dynamics
- the term dynamics refers to a force or percussive
effects: degrees of loud and soft.

Elements of Music
• Harmony
- the simultaneous sounding of two or more tones
results in harmony.
 Tonality- interrelationship of keys.
 Polytonality - using several keys simultaneously.
Atonality- having no key feeling.

Elements of Music
• Texture
- the term texture refers to the number of tones we
are asked to apprehend simultaneously.

Elements of Music
• Form
- the form or structure is as necessary to a work of
music as a blueprint to an architect or a pattern to a
dressmaker.

Elements of Music
• Color
- in music, color is the result of the difference in
timbre (quality of tone) in the various instruments
and voices.
 The strings violin, viola, cello, and bass.
 The woodwinds flute, piccolo, oboe,
clarinet, and bassoon.

Elements of Music
The brasses trumpet, trombone, and tuba.
The percussion instruments
drums, cymbals, triangle.
• Color

Elements of Music
• Style
- each composer has his personal idiom, which
differentiates his work from that of others, and he also reflects the style of the period
in which he lives.

Dance is a way of knowing and
communicating. All societies use
dance to communicate on both
personal and cultural levels and to
meet physical and spiritual needs.
Dance, as with all the arts, has its own
language. We need to learn this language
in order to fully understand and
appreciate the world of Dance.

The Language of Dance
Elements: Time, Space and Force
Choreographic Forms: Theme
and Variations, Rondo and
Narrative
Styles: (characteristics of)
Ballet, Tap, Jazz and Modern

TIME: The relationship of one movement or part of a movement to another.
Includes pulse, speed (or tempo), duration, rhythm, and phrases.
Pulse: the ongoing underlying beat
Tempo: The speed with which a movement is performed
Rhythm: a flow of sound or movement having regular accented
beats; a movement or activity in which some action repeats
regularly; patterns made by arranging long and short sounds
or strong and light sounds
Duration: the length of time a movement lasts: a long time,
short time or something in between
Syncopation: a temporary accenting of a normally weak beat in
music to vary the rhythm
Phrasing: a grouping and articulation of a group of notes
Accent: a movement or shape performed in such a way as to give
emphasis.

 SPACE: the area of space occupied by the dancer’s body;
includes direction, size, pathways, levels and shapes.
 Direction: which way a dancer faces or moves; e.g., forward,
backward, sideways, up and down
 Size: magnitude of a body shape or movement; from small to large
movements
 Pathways: patterns made as a dancer moves through the air or on
the floor (straight, vertical, horizontal, zig-zag); can be made with
locomotor or non-locomotor movements, separately or in
combination.
 Levels: the vertical distance from the floor. Movements take place
on three levels: high, middle or low and deep.
 Shapes: the form created by the body’s position in space. Aspects of
shape are open/closed, symmetrical/asymmetrical, angular and
curved.

 FORCE: (energy) degree of muscular tension
and use of energy while moving.
 Dynamics: how a movement is done
 Flow: continuity of movement (bound/free
flowing)
 Weight: strength (force) lightness of
movement (heavy/light)

Rondo: a dance structure with three or more themes where one theme is
repeated. ABACAD
Theme: the basic idea of the play, which the author dramatizes through
the conflict of characters.
Narrative: choreographic structure that follows a specific story line to
convey specific information through a dance
Variations: contrasts in the use of the dance elements, repetitions.
Choreography is the art of arranging dances

Ballet: a classic form of dance growing out of the French
nobility. Its root is court dances.
It is known for its:
•standardized dance movements
•specialized leaps and lifts
•French terminology to describe each standardized
movement
•Pointe shoes for women
•slippers for men
•costumes---tights, tutus

Tap: is a percussive dance form in which dancers produce sound by
wearing shoes to which metal taps have been added. Tap dance, an
American dance form which concentrates on footwork and rhythm,
has roots in African, Irish and English clogging traditions. Its roots
lie in recreational dance (Irish Step dance, jig and African steps).
It is known for:
•An emphasis on rhythm
•Tap shoes
•Costumes—formal to street wear
•Improvisation

Jazz: American music marked by lively rhythms with unusual accents and often
including melodies made up by musicians as they play. It’s roots are in social dances
and early musical theatre dance.
It’s known for:
•Stylized movement
•Accents in hands, head, hips and feet
•English/French terminology to describe movements
•Jazz shoes or boots
•Costume related to theme of dance
•Improvisation
Styles (characteristics)

Modern: a form of dance developed by dancers
interested in breaking from ballet traditions and
expressing a more liberating form of movement.
It expresses complex emotions and abstract ideas.
It is known for:
•Freedom of movement
•Usually barefoot but can use shoes based on
theme
•Costume related to dance theme
•Improvisation used in the development of
choreography

Elements of Literature
Results from the
communication
of thoughts and feelings
through
consciously
organized
language.

Inspiration comes to the writer of
great literature in tree channels:
 Through the SENSES
 Through the EMOTIONS
 Through the INTELLECT

• Poetry
- (from the Greek poiesis - ποίησις -
with a broad meaning of a "making",
seen also in such terms as "hemopoiesis";
narrowly, the making of poetry) is a
form of literary art which uses the
aesthetic qualities of language to evoke meanings
in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.
- Most concentrated form of writing.

Guiding principle in judging POETRY
• Poetry
- Words are not actually informative but also evocative in that they call up the
same response in us which inspired the poet, in short they make us share his
experience.
- We must dig deeply if we would penetrate the
depths the poet has sounded.
- When we speak of poetic rhythm we mean not the
conventional meters but the entire thought and
emotional flow of the poem.

Guiding principle in judging POETRY
• Poetry
- In good poetry there must be a synthesis of content and design: that is balance
between what is said and how it is said.
- The poetic mind expresses itself in images or,
as Aristotle called them, METAPHORS,
which clarify his experience.

Divisions of POETRY
• Poetry

• Poetry
- Epic Poetry
This genre is often defined as
lengthy poems concerning events
of a heroic or important nature to
the culture of the time. It recounts,
in a continuous narrative, the life
and works of a heroic or
mythological or group of persons.

• Poetry
- Epic Poetry
Examples of epic poems are:

• Poetry
- Lyric Poetry
A genre that, unlike epic and dramatic poetry, does
not attempt to tell a story but instead is of a more
personal nature. Poems in this genre tend to be
shorter, melodic, and contemplative. Rather than
depicting characters and actions, it portrays the
poet's own feelings, states of mind, and perceptions.
Notable poets in this genre include John Donne,
Gerard Manley Hopkins, and Antonio Machado.

• Poetry
- Dramatic Poetry
Drama written in verse to be spoken or sung,
and appears in varying, sometimes related forms
in many cultures. Greek tragedy in verse dates to
the 6th century B.C., and may have been an
influence on the development of Sanskrit drama,
just as Indian drama in turn appears to have
influenced the development of the bianwen verse
dramas in China, forerunners of Chinese Opera.

• Poetry
- Dramatic Poetry
Examples of dramatic poetry in Persian literature:
Nizamis’ Khosrow and Shirin

• Poetry
- Elegy
• A mournful, melancholy or plaintive poem, especially a lament for the dead
or a funeral song.
• The term "elegy," which originally denoted a type of poetic meter
(elegiac meter), commonly describes
a poem of mourning.
• May also reflect something that seems to the author to be strange or
mysterious.
•The elegy, as a reflection on a death, on a sorrow
more generally, or on something mysterious, may
be classified as a form of lyric poetry.

The fable is an ancient literary genre, often
(though not invariably) set in verse. It is a succinct
story that features anthropomorphized animals,
plants, inanimate objects, or
forces of nature that
illustrate a moral lesson
(a "moral"). Verse fables
have used a variety of meter
and rhyme patterns.
• Poetry
- Verse Fable

is a hybrid genre that shows attributes of both
prose and poetry. It may be indistinguishable
from the micro-story (a.k.a. the "short short story",
"flash fiction"). While some examples of earlier
prose strike modern readers as poetic, prose poetry
is commonly regarded as having originated in
19th-century France, where its practitioners
included Aloysius Bertrand, Charles Baudelaire,
Arthur Rimbaud and Stéphane Mallarmé.
• Poetry
- Prose Poetry

Since the late 1980s especially, prose poetry
has gained increasing popularity, with entire
journals, such as The Prose Poem: An
International Journal,
Contemporary Haibun
Online and Modern
Haibun & Tanka Prose
devoted to that genre.
• Poetry
- Prose Poetry

• Poetry
- Speculative Poetry
also known as fantastic poetry, (of which weird
or macabre poetry is a major subclassification),
is a poetic genre which deals thematically with
subjects which are 'beyond reality', whether via
extrapolation as in science fiction or via weird and
horrific themes as in horror fiction. Such poetry
appears regularly in modern science fiction and
horror fiction magazines.
Edgar Allan Poe is sometimes seen as
the "father of speculative poetry".

• Novel
- is a book of long narrative in literary prose.
The genre has historical roots both in the
fields of the medieval and early modern
romance and in the tradition of the novella.
The latter supplied the present generic term
in the late 18th century.

• Short Stories
Elements of the Short Story
The short story as an art form
developed in early 19th Century.

• Short Stories
Granville Hicks says that a
good short story is “an attempt
to make the reader share in a
unique moment of insight.”

• Essay
Elements of the Essay
The inventor of the essay was a sixteenth century
Frenchman by the name of Montaigne.
Why do Essayist write?

• Essay
What they write may be purely:
- Entertaining like James Ramsey
Ullman’s “Victory on Everest”
- Provocative like Helen Keller’s
“Three days to see”

- Informative like Stewart Edward White’s “On making
Camp”
• Essay
- Didactic like Howard Pease’s “Letter to a Fan”

Elements Of Arts

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