Tools for research in urban planning and design. This is a presentation about traditional tools of research that might be used in areas of urban design and planning practice when building up your problem. These are traditional tool for research Of course, in design areas, there are specific tools for research and spatial analysis as well. NOTE: it is OK to use this presentation, but ALWAYS quote the source.

1. Most photographs in this presentation were taken by Matt Smith www.flickr.com/photos/chernobylbob/
Connecting
Questions &
Answers
Challenge the futureChallenge the future
URBANISM

2. URBANISM

4. AUDIENCE
ANY Academic endeavour
starts with a question
Generic criteria
Biggs & Buchler,2008
• Question (and answer)
• Methods
• Knowledge
• Audience
questions answers
methods

5. But a good question comes
from a problem or issue you
want to explore
The problem statement is a carefully laid out
ACCOUNT (a story) where you need to set the
CONTEXT and the MAIN ELEMENTS that play a
role in your project. In short, you need to
“problematize”. Generally, one starts by
DESCRIBING a certain spatial entity (a
neighbourhood, a city or a region), including its
advantages.
But then one introduces a CONTRADICTION,
expressing a spatial problem that needs to be tackled.

6. Context
The problem statement provides the context for the
research study and typically generates QUESTIONS
which the research hopes to answer (objective of
the research).
In considering whether or not to move forward with a
research project, you will generally spend some time
considering the problem.

7. Hooking the reader
•In your research project, the statement of the
problem is the first part of the proposal to be read
[apart from the title and the abstract, if you decide to
have one].The problem statement should "hook" the
reader and establish a persuasive context for what
follows.

8. What is the problem?
You need to be able to clearly answer the question:
"what is the problem"? and "why is this problem worth
my attention"? (this helps you define the RELEVANCE)
At the same time, the problem statement limits scope
by focusing on some variables and not others. It also
provides an opportunity for you to demonstrate why
these variables are important. (ditto)

9. Is it transferable?
It is also important to be able to make your problem
‘”transferable”. Does it happen in other places (even with
slight variations)?
This means that the problem at hand is not only a problem
perceived by you as an individual (although you might have
a special interest in it), but a problem that is recognized by
society or by other members of the academic world. It
can also be integrated and built upon by other people.

10. Remember: nothing is completely
transferable
• But the main elements, MIGHT be. For instance:
• Regeneration strategies can be used by various
cities with the same problems.
• Solutions for urbanization in flood-able areas in
the Dutch Deltametropolis might be transferable
to other Delta regions.
• Spatial solutions for urbanization in Haiti after the
big earthquake of 2010 might be transferable to
other areas afflicted by similar natural disasters.

11. What is the logic of
enquiry?
MOST IMPORTANT, your problem must have some connection
with spatial planning and design. Remember the LOGICS OF
ENQUIRY.This means that the problem you want to analyze has
some connection with space!

12. For example
Utrecht is the fourth largest city in the Randstad (west
part of the Netherlands) with approximately 300.000
inhabitants in 2009 (CBS, 2010). It is centrally located
in the network of highways and railways of the country
(Gemeente Utrecht, 2007). It possesses the largest
university of the country and a diversified service
oriented economy. In the last few years, the city has
gained approximately 30.000 new dwellings (CBS, 2010).

13. However...
However, Utrecht does not take full advantage of
its central position because of the chronic congestion of
the roads surrounding the city. Inhabitants AND
COMMUTERS complain that it is very difficult to reach
the city centre from the CITY ring ROAD.Transferia (the
Dutch concept of car parking near the ring roads) are
unattractive and not so well connected.This is making
Utrecht less competitive in the Randstad in terms of
office location and is hampering city growth.
SEE THE REAL PROBLEM STATEMENT AT THE END OF THIS document

14. THIS BEGS THE
QUESTION

16. Alternative ways of
presentation
http://vimeo.com/19253276
Produced by:
Adrian Hill

17. - ADOBE SUITE to put things together
- PREMIERE for the film
- ILLUSTRATOR for stills, plans and some of
the 'stop-motion graphics'
- INDESIGN for 'stop motion graphics'
- PHOTOSHOP for perspectives
- AFTER EFFECTS for some sequences
- SOUNDBOOTH for the sound
- SKETCHUP with a plugin called PODIUM
- GOOGLE DOCS for the script + sharing
info
- WORDPRESS.com for the website.
How did they do it?

18. Standing on the
shoulders of giants

19. Why be original?
1%Of the world population has
A university degree

20. When is it Ok to
quote?
“As long as you met certain conditions, you are allowed to
quote directly from a published article written by someone
else:
• The text must not be too long
• The citation must be printed using
quotation marks
• The source must be stated
Source:TU DELFT 2009, Cheating, don’t be tempted, Delft,TBM.

21. Quoting
“Copying a passage from an article or book, word for
word. Mark the passage with quotation marks and
state the source correctly” (TU Delft, 2009)
Source:TU DELFT 2009, Cheating, don’t be tempted, Delft,TBM.

22. Paraphrasing
• “Reproducing the content of someone
else’s work in your own words” (TU Delft,
2009). You can change the original text
slightly or change it completely: if you are
using the central idea from someone, you
NEED to state the source!
• Paraphrasing allows you to interpret a text
while you use it.
Source:TU DELFT 2009, Cheating, don’t be tempted, Delft,TBM.

23. HARVARD CITATION
SYSTEM

24. IN text citation with
page

25. Full citation at the end
of the text

26. Full citation journal

27. Theory paper
Eroded public spaces: Impacts on public space by socio-economic transformations in Eastern Europe. Tadas Jonauskis
Abstract – This paper will review the literature regarding to socio-economic changes on public spaces in
Easter European countries after the fall of USSR. It covers the topics of privatization, commercialization,
virtualization and mobilization that are the main process affecting the use of public space. Public space is the
main focus of this paper and the main question to be answered is how public space was impacted and changed by
rapid socio-economic transformations in Eastern Europe. Therefore this paper investigates the way society have
changed and the way new elements which were introduced, such as car and virtual networks, after the fall of
Soviet Union affect the behaviour and life style of the people which resulted how differently people started to
use pubic space. Literature review on these elements and aspects will give an overview and suggestions how the
public space is used and what are the threats and negative elements created by the processes of transformation
that can be avoided or solved in later graduation project stages.
Key words – Public space, urban life, street vitality, meeting place, shifted centralities, Eastern Europe, urban
society, privatization, car culture, commercialization
1 Introduction
This paper will explore the reasons why public
space have changed and is still changing in state of
transition from socialism system to capitalism one
in Eastern European countries after the fall of USSR.
Socialist cities had strict rules on how the public
space had to be used and how society had to look
like and to be shaped. The use of public space was
not only different in physical characteristics from
the Western cities but also it was different how
society was seeing it and using it. A sudden change
after the fall of USSR led to number of
interpretations and unplanned and chaotic changes
in the way people were using public space. Soon
after former limitations of public realm, public
opinion and public politics in Soviet Union society
was free to express itself in a way it could imagine.
However ‘western culture’ didn’t bring only wealth
and life quality, but on contrary it resulted in
number of negative effects which are expressed in
the way people are using public space.
This paper will cover main reasons of the public
space to be changing. Literature review will help to
identify the changes and the affects on public space.
The main question to be answered with this paper is
how public space was impacted and changed by
rapid socio-economic transformations in Eastern
European countries.
This paper will start investigating the privatization
of land together with privatization of former state
economic activities was provoked by the need of
relaying of your own. It resulted in physical
shrinkage of space and shifted balance between
Eroded public spaces:
Impacts on public space by rapid socio-economic transformations in
Eastern Europe.
Tadas Jonauskis
Study number 1535536 _ tadasjonauskis@gmail.com
Delft University of Technology, Department of Urbanism
5th
Graduation Lab Urbanism Conference
January 28th
2010

28. Standing on the
shoulders of giants

29. References!Eroded public spaces: Impacts on public space by socio-economic transformations in Eastern Europe. Tadas Jonauskis
away from physical space to a virtual. Increased
mobility created separation of the people from each
other and segregated areas which are mono-
functional and pedestrian unfriendly and car
oriented. In the end we can conclude that cities
started to change from open and collective to closed
and individual cities. It changed from open city in
terms of open and well accessible public space to a
closed city in terms of privately owned and fenced
city. Accordingly collective way of living was
changed to a private ‘western lifestyle’ with the
importance if individual rather than society as such.
To sum up, public space was important tool to
create collective communist society but now it is not
used and not understood as a tool to create and
promote social interactions but in opposite it is
resulted to be used as a tool to separate and alienate
people and create the city for individualities.
10 Recommendations
The main intention of this paper is to determine the
processes that are affecting the use of public space
after the fall of USSR in Eastern European countries.
It showed the way people are using public space
under new social and economic conditions and how
public space has changed in past couple decades.
This given overview will give literature based
argumentation for further site specific empirical
research and will play a theoretical underpinning
role in graduation project.
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my appreciation to mine
main mentor Stephen Read who gave well
structured support on the topic of public space. Also
I would like to appreciate Remon Rooij and Ana
Maria Fernandez-Maldonado for a support and
lessons on writing this paper.
Bibliography
ANDREWS, KALIOPA DIMITROVSKA, 2002,
Mastering the post-socialist city: impacts on
planning and the built environment, International
Conferences A Greater Europe, Rome.
AUGÉ, MARC, 2008, Non-places an introduction
to supermodernity, Verso, London
BOGLE, SALLY, 1996 August, Invasions of the
Market Snatchers, Energy Economist,
formations, by Ilka Ruby and Andreas Ruby, 138-
145, Ruby Press, Berlin
GEHL, JAN, 2001, Life between buildings : using
public space, Danish Architectural Press,
Copenhagen
HAJER, MAARTEN, ARNOLD REIJNDORP,
AND ELS BRINKMAN, 2001, In search of new
public domain : analysis and strategy, NAi
Publishers, Rotterdam
HANASZ, WALDEMAR, November 30, 1999,
"Engines of liberty. Cars and the collapse of
communism in eastern europe."
JACOBS, JANE, 1998, The death and life of great
American cities, Random House, New York
KAREN A. FRANCK , QUENTIN STEVENS,
2007, Loose space, Routledge, New York
LEFEBVRE, HENRI, 2003, The urban revolution,
University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis
MOISEEVA, ANASTASIA, 2007, "Network city.
Urban transformations." Master thesis, Delft
READ, STEPHEN, 2009, "Technicity and
Publicness: Steps toward an Urban Space.",
Footprint, pages:7-22
SASSEN, SASKIA, 2001, The global city : New
York, London, Tokyo / by Saskia Sassen, Princeton
University Press, Princeton
SIK, ENDRE, AND CLAIRE WALLACE, 1999,
"The Development of Open-air Markets in East-
Central Europe." International Journal of Urban and
Regional Research, pages: 697-714
STANILOV, KIRIL, 2007, The Post-Socialist city,
Springer, Dordrecht
TEERDS, HANS, 2009, "Public Realm, Public
space", In OASE 77, Into the open. Accomodating
the public, by Tom Avermaete, Klaske Havik and
Hans Teerds, pages: 21-31, NAi Publishers,
Rotterdam
WAGENAAR, COR, 2004, Happy : cities and
public happiness in post-war Europe, NAi
Publishers, Rotterdam
References
are
the
books
and
ar0cles
used
to
write
THIS
paper
Never
write
the
first
name
of
the
author(s).
Instead,
use
his/her/
their
ini0als.
This
was
not
done
using
ENDNOTE!

30. DOWNLOAD ENDNOTE
from blackboard
ENDNOTE will help you manage your references and
find the correct format for citation and referencing

31. Google scholar
Here
I
searched
for
the
name
of
an
author:
Vincent
Nadin
This
is
the
main
book
wriJen
by
Vincent.
It
has
been
cited
in
222
papers
or
ar0cles
This
is
a
journal
ar0cle.
Normally,
it
would
not
be
accessible,
but
because
you
are
on
campus,
you
can
access
it
for
free
(you
don’t
have
to
do
anything:
the
program
will
recognise
the
fact
that
you
are
logged
in
via
TU
DelP

32. Google insight

33. Wikipedia is not an
academic source

34. However...
Wikipedia
has
a
LIST
OF
REFERENCES
and
FURTHER
READING,
which
you
can
consult.
It
is
extremely
useful
to
see
what
the
current
discussion
is
all
about.

35. You can also “ask”
google
• What is Globalization?
• Define: Globalization
• Translate: ruimte

36. Thesis repository TU Delft

37. Electronic Databases on campus
or viaVPN
http://library.tudelft.nl/ws/search/ejournals/index.htm

38. • SCOPUS
• WEBSCIENCE
• IEEE
• JSTOR
• GOOGLE SCHOLAR
• CSA/ProQuest
• OVIDSP
• NARCIS

39. SCOPUS

40. WEB of knowledge

41. PEER REVIEWED
ACADEMIC JOURNALS
• THE MAIN SOURCE OFVALID AND AUTHORITATIVE
KNOWLEDGE ARE PAPERS PUBLISHED IN PEER-
REVIEWED JOURNALS.
• PEER REVIEWED JOURNALS GO TO GREAT
LENGTHS TO ENSURE THEVALIDITY AND
RELEVANCE OF ARTICLES BEING PUBLISHED IN
THEIR PAGES.
• IT IS QUITE A LABORIOUS PROCESS TO PUBLISH IN
PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS, BUT ONCEYOU DO,
YOU KNOWYOU HAVE DONE A GOOD JOB AS A
RESEARCHER.

42. •CLICK HERE TO SEE A
VERY COMPREHENSIVE
LIST OF ACADEMIC PEER
REVIEWED JOURNALS IN
URBAN STUDIES

43. Check list
• Try to navigate in the Library’s website and locate the
electronic journals (only available for on-campus
consultation
• Download the program ENDNOTE (available at
Blackboard)
• Use “Google scholar” for a more accurate search.
• Remember:Wikipedia is NOT a valid scientific source
(it is not reviewed by an accredited person or
institution), but it can often give you an idea or
provide you with valid scientific sources.

44. Some tips about writing
SKILLS

45. Writing skills: main
problems to tackle
• Language (style, grammar, flow of ideas and
logical thread)
• Lack of clear structure of the text:
Introduction/ Context/ Background/ +
Problem Statement + Context/ Background +
Discussion + Conclusion/ Recommendations)
• Flow: ideas being developed in different
paragraphs are not logically connected

46. AVOID at all costs: PUB
TALK
• Use of poorly supported popular ideas
(“pub talk”) or ideas circulating in the
popular mind without any critique.
• Use of clichés/ prejudices/ sexism/
racial, cultural or religious bias.These
are often the product of unawareness
and lack of critique on one’s own
position.

47. ‘Insider's’ expressions
• Use of acronyms without explaining the
meaning or the function. Example: RPB:
Ruimtelijke Plan Bureau (Dutch Spatial
Planning Bureau).
• Use of non-English expressions without
explaining the meaning. Example:
“structuurvisie” or “besteemingsplan”

48. A common problem
statement
• New developments in ICT and transport
teknologies have create new spacial
developments in network cities. Connectivity
has increase, created new nodes in the
network city.They aren’t well connected and
connection needs to be improved thru new
intrastrucuture coz this will improve
connectivity.
12

49. How to get rid of
spelling mistakes?
• GO TO WORD FIRST
• Set language (English UK)
• Set grammar corrector
• Set Thesaurus
• Proof-read! (have a break before)

50. Let’s talk about
plagiarism

51. PLAGIARISM
Plagiaat (NL)
Plagio (ES, PT)
Plagiat (DE, FR)
剽窃 (Chinese)
Λογοκλοπή (Greek)
साiहि&यक चोरी (Hindi)
盗作 (Japanese)
Penjiplakan(Indonesian)
표절 (Korean)
(Persian) ‫ادبی‬ ‫دزدی‬
Plagiatas (Lithuanian)
Plagiatul (Romanian)
Intihal (Turkish)

52. This is plagiarism in
Vietnamese!
sự ăn cắp của người khác làm của mình

53. What’s plagiarism?
“Many people think of plagiarism as
copying another's work, or borrowing
someone else's original ideas. But
terms like "copying" and "borrowing"
can disguise the seriousness of the
offense:

54. What’s plagiarism?

55. What’s plagiarism again?
“In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It
involves both stealing someone else's work and lying
about it afterwards. But can words and ideas really be
stolen? According to U.S. law (and European Union
laws), the answer is
The expression of original ideas is considered
intellectual property, and is protected by copyright
laws, just like original inventions”.
YES!

56. Copying and pasting is
not research!

57. Doing research is different
from GOOGLING

58. Is this plagiarism?
Fernando Botero’s Monalisa

59. AND THESE?Original
Salvador
Dali
Matt
Groening

60. THIS?

61. Plagiarism?

62. Plagiarism?

63. Plagiarism?
Source:www.urlesque.com

64. And this?
The Associated Press thinks it is!
Source: http://chicagoist.com/2009/02/05/ap_in_a_snit_over_iconic_obama_post.php
"The Associated Press
has determined that the
photograph used in the
poster is an AP photo and
that its use required
permission," the AP's
director of media
relations, Paul Colford,
said in a statement.
"AP safeguards its assets
and looks at these events
on a case-by-case basis.
We have reached out to
Mr. Fairey's attorney and
are in discussions. We
hope for an amicable
solution."
"We believe fair use
protects Shepard's right to
do what he did here,"
says Fairey's attorney,
Anthony Falzone,
executive director of the
Fair Use Project at
Stanford University and a
lecturer at the Stanford
Law School. "It wouldn't
be appropriate to
comment beyond that at
this time because we are
in discussions about this
with the AP.

65. Plagiarism in
architecture?

66. Plagiarism in
architecture?

67. Plagiarism in architecture:
some articles
::When Architects Plagiarize, It's not always bad by
Witold Rybczynski
:: Brother from Another Mother by Clay Risen
:: Hi, Gorgeous. Haven't I SeenYou Somewhere? by Fred
A. Bernstein (this article is now in the NewYork Times'
pay-per-view archive, though I'll update the link if and
when Mr. Bernstein puts it on his own site)
:: Gutterland Police Blotter

68. How is plagiarism different
from researching?
• Science works by building on the knowledge of
others.This means that you will regularly use
and refer to texts written by other people.
• It is important that you make a clear distinction
between your own ideas and those of others.To
put it simply, plagiarism is copying someone
else’s work and claiming it as your own, while
researching is INTEGRATING knowledge into a
new narrative and acknowledging the sources.
Source:TU DELFT 2009, Cheating, don’t be tempted, Delft,TBM.

69. Plagiarism may lead to lack
of integration of ideas
Including ideas from famous authors either out of
context or without trying to interpret what is being said
within the context being analysed.
QUESTION TO ASKYOURSELF: Is this absolutely
relevant to understand the problem at hand? WHY?
Then say it! (And quote!!!)
This is relevant for this work because...

70. DUH!
You must
analyse what you
cite (DUH!) and
indicate WHY that is
relevant!

71. And then QUOTE IT!
Rocco, in his methodology class, said
that copying without citing is not only a
crime, it is plain stupid!(Rocco, 2011)
And include the full citation in
references
Rocco, R. 2011,Tools for research, Oxford:
Oxford University Press *.
Oxford University Press? He wishes..* This is just an
illustration.This book does not exist!

72. Tutorials on plagiarism
Penn State University
http://tlt.its.psu.edu/plagiarism/tutorial/definition
Princeton
http://www.princeton.edu/pr/pub/integrity/08/intro/
index.htm

73. More information on
referencing
• www.referencing.tbm.tudelft.nl

74. Questions?Write to
r.c.rocco@tudelft.nl
With special thanks to Matt Smith
(ChernobylBob) of Gloucester, UK, whose
photos adorn these pages.
Matt’s photographs are available at:
www.flickr.com/photos/chernobylbob/
Prepared by Roberto Rocco,TU Delft
r.c.rocco@tudelft.nl
Thanks!