1. 22-5-2013 1
AREA DEVELOPMENT
IN TIMES OF CRISIS
tour d’horizon
Utrecht School of the Arts HKU
Rene KOOYMAN
HKU
May 2013
Salo
Finland
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EUROPE IN TIMES OF CRISIS
Significant developments:
Urbanisation
From Industry to Knowledge
Absence of growth
‘Old School’ no longer applies: innovation
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of strategic
value
The economical force of the Cultural and Creative
Industries (CCIs)
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CCIS AS KEY STRATEGIC FACTOR
CCIs drivers of economical growth (UNCTAD)
Drivers of innovation: driving innovative processes
into realisation
CCIs at the core of cultural and industrial networks
CCIs andTechnological change/digitisation two‐way
process
CCIs spill‐over: Corporate Esthetics, Identity and
Branding
Cultural and Creative Content as a relative
autonomous, independent economical factor
6. ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR:
THE CREATION OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND
CULTURAL VALUE
cultural fabric of the Creative Industry thrives on
numerous small initiatives
high share of freelancers and very small companies
multiple job‐holdings; combined sources of income
new type of employer is emerging; the
‘entrepreneurial individual’
no longer fits into typical patterns of full-time
professions (EU job potential)
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BUSINESS CATEGORIES
• Artisan – Designer driven by aesthetic motivation
• Solo – Individual designer focused on growth
• Creative Partnership – two creative people
• Designer and Business Partner – One creative and one
business partner
• Designer and Licensing Partner – Designer under
royalty contract
• Designer and Manufacturer – Designer in contractual
agreement with manufacturer
• Partnership with Investor – Designer in partnership
with a formal investor
NESTA 2008
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THE URBAN DIMENSION
Territorial approach: zoning
Diversified cultural environments (Jacobs)
Social integration/identification (‘belonging’) and
distinction (Bourdieu/Florida)
Integrated approach:
Physical: bricks and mortar
Social: class, culture, demographics
Infrastructure: networking
Conceptualisation /re-evaluation
10. Major Stakeholders in Urban
Development
10
Community
Stakeholders
Cultural
Organizations
Community
Activist/
Volunteers
Resident
Immigrant
Youth
clubs/groups
Immigrant
services
Community
Media
Chamber of
Commerce
Businesses
Municipality
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CITY POLICY & PLANNING PARADIGM
• Developed for and by the industrial economy
• Separation of 'working' and 'living' through zoning
• Powers are restrictive, not permissive: 'you can’t',
rather than 'you can'
• Professionalized: ‘planner knows best'
• City is struggling under its own weight, unable to
adapt quickly enough to changing global, social
economic environment
• Verbal, rational/analytical, more than
‘understanding’
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URBANISATION: THE VALUES OF CITY-LIFE
• Cultural and Economical Capital
• Cultural Class
• Identity and Branding
• Demographics
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EU CURE PROJECT
Creative Urban Renewal in Europe
(CURE)
Aims to facilitate triggered growth of the
creative economy in decayed urban areas
in medium-sized cities in Northwest-
Europe
This will be done by developing and
testing the innovative transnational
model ‘Creative Zone Innovator’ to plan
and to develop creative zones.
The project brings together 7 project
partners in Germany, Belgium, France,
the Netherlands and the UK.
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CREATIVE ZONE INNOVATOR
Creative Zone Innovator: integrated approach to
urban, economic, cultural, social and
entrepreneurial development
ABC: Area , Building, Creative entrepreneur
Four Dimensions:
a. Learning Lab: learning environment
b. CulturalValue Chain: networked alliances
c. Flow of diversity: continuous new impulses
d. Cultural Business Modeling
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HOW IS IT DONE: RADICAL REDEFINITION
Edinburgh:
Ice Store
CCI Outlet
Job
creation
Entrepreneurial and vocational training
Revitalisation of a shopping-mall in decline
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METHODS
Radically re-interpret the area
Define identity and profile
Spread the word; Corporate Communication
Build support networks
Take time
More Dash than Cash
Create a financial base
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INVESTING IN THE CREATIVE ECOSYSTEM
The creative ecosystem: arts and culture, nightlife, the
music scene, restaurants, affordable spaces, lively
neighbourhoods, spirituality, density, public spaces etc.
1. Strengthen creative assets and encourage collaboration
2. Continue revitalizing downtown areas as nodes of
creativity
3. Develop an infrastructure that will improve the quality of
life for residents and attract the creative class (hiking and
cycling trails, festivals, development of cultural assets,
ways to celebrate the waterfront etc. )
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CREATIVE ENTREPRENEURS’ PERSPECTIVE
• Social capital: resources based on group
membership, relationships, networks of
influence and support; clusters
• Economic capital: command over economic
resources (cash, assets); based on
entrepreneurial capabilities and support
• Cultural capital: forms of knowledge; skills;
education and language skills
• The urban perspective: choose your
position in the urban nomad chain ; use
support functions