1. Identifying
The Benefit of Linked Data
Richard Wallis!
Technology Evangelist
@rjw
Melbourne - 2nd July 2015

2. https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q937
Identifying
The Benefit of Linked Data
Richard Wallis!
Technology Evangelist
@rjw
Melbourne - 2nd July 2015

11. NO MAN IS JUST A NUMBER

12. NO MAN IS JUST A NUMBER
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q937
https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/
http://isni.org/0000000077040933
http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79022889
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0251868/
http://data.nytimes.com/49783928729941204213
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-6013-2012

13. NO MAN IS JUST A NUMBER
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q937
https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/
http://isni.org/0000000077040933
http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79022889
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0251868/
http://data.nytimes.com/49783928729941204213
http://www.researcherid.com/rid/I-6013-2012
}sameAs

15. Linked Data

16. Linked Data
RDF

17. Linked Data
RDF
Anyone can say anything
about anything

18. Linked Data
RDF
Anyone can say anything
about anything
..in Triples..
schema:name “Albert Einstein”.<http://viaf.org/viaf/75121530>

20. <http://ethz.ch/12345>
Hypothetical example

21. <http://ethz.ch/12345>
a schema:Person ;
Hypothetical example

22. <http://ethz.ch/12345>
a schema:Person ;
schema:name “Albert Eistein” ;
Hypothetical example

23. <http://ethz.ch/12345>
a schema:Person ;
schema:name “Albert Eistein” ;
schema:alumniOf <http://ethz.ch>;
Hypothetical example

24. <http://ethz.ch/12345>
a schema:Person ;
schema:name “Albert Eistein” ;
schema:alumniOf <http://ethz.ch>;
<http://ethz.ch>
a schema:Organization ;
schema:name “Swiss Federal Institute of Technology”;
schema:url <http://www.ethz.ch>;
schema:sameAs <https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11942>
Hypothetical example

25. <http://ethz.ch/12345>
a schema:Person ;
schema:name “Albert Eistein” ;
schema:alumniOf <http://ethz.ch>;
schema:sameAs <http://isni.org/0000000077040933>;
<http://ethz.ch>
a schema:Organization ;
schema:name “Swiss Federal Institute of Technology”;
schema:url <http://www.ethz.ch>;
schema:sameAs <https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11942>
Hypothetical example

26. <http://ethz.ch/12345>
a schema:Person ;
schema:name “Albert Eistein” ;
schema:alumniOf <http://ethz.ch>;
schema:sameAs <http://isni.org/0000000077040933>;
schema:sameAs <https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q937>
<http://ethz.ch>
a schema:Organization ;
schema:name “Swiss Federal Institute of Technology”;
schema:url <http://www.ethz.ch>;
schema:sameAs <https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11942>
Hypothetical example

27. <http://ethz.ch/12345>
a schema:Person ;
schema:name “Albert Eistein” ;
schema:alumniOf <http://ethz.ch>;
schema:sameAs <http://isni.org/0000000077040933>;
schema:sameAs <https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q937>
<http://ethz.ch>
a schema:Organization ;
schema:name “Swiss Federal Institute of Technology”;
schema:url <http://www.ethz.ch>;
schema:sameAs <https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11942>
Hypothetical example

28. <http://ethz.ch/12345>
a schema:Person ;
schema:name “Albert Eistein” ;
schema:alumniOf <http://ethz.ch>;
schema:sameAs <http://isni.org/0000000077040933>;
schema:sameAs <https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q937>
<http://ethz.ch>
a schema:Organization ;
schema:name “Swiss Federal Institute of Technology”;
schema:url <http://www.ethz.ch>;
schema:sameAs <https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11942>
Hypothetical example

29. Link your data

30. • Create and connect identifiers — URIs
Link your data

31. • Create and connect identifiers — URIs
• Describe your resources
Link your data

32. • Create and connect identifiers — URIs
• Describe your resources
• Use what works for you
Link your data

33. • Create and connect identifiers — URIs
• Describe your resources
• Use what works for you
• Expose / Publish to the Web
Link your data

34. Link your data

35. Link your data
Ground your descriptions
• Set your resources in context

36. Link your data
Ground your descriptions
• Set your resources in context
• Link to hubs of authority

37. One Hub to Rule Them All?

38. VIAF.org
One Hub to Rule Them All?
A web of authoritative hubs

39. VIAF.org
One Hub to Rule Them All?
A web of authoritative hubs

40. Its not just about people

41. person place
object concept
organization work
Its not just about people

42. The
library
knowledge
graph
A
graph
of
relationships
person place
object concept
organization work
Its not just about people

47. Dublin Core
FOAF
SKOS
Bibo / OAD
BIBFRAME
RDA / Marc
CIDOC CRM
Bio / Geo
OWL /
RDF / RDFS
Schema.org
Ontology Project
Vocabularies
With
Search Engine
Recognition
Selecting your vocabularies

48. Dublin Core
FOAF
SKOS
Bibo / OAD
BIBFRAME
RDA / Marc
CIDOC CRM
Bio / Geo
OWL /
RDF / RDFS
Schema.org
Ontology Project
Vocabularies
With
Search EngineRecognition
Selecting your vocabularies

49. With
Search EngineRecognition

50. With
Search Engine
Recognition

51. With
Search Engine
Recognition
A general purpose vocabulary for describing
things on the web.

52. With
Search Engine
Recognition
A general purpose vocabulary for describing
things on the web.
• Backed by the Search Engines

53. With
Search Engine
Recognition
A general purpose vocabulary for describing
things on the web.
• Backed by the Search Engines
• W3C Community
- Discussion, proposals, organisation, Github

54. With
Search Engine
Recognition
A general purpose vocabulary for describing
things on the web.
• Backed by the Search Engines
• W3C Community
- Discussion, proposals, organisation, Github
• A live evolving vocabulary

55. With
Search Engine
Recognition
A general purpose vocabulary for describing
things on the web.
• Backed by the Search Engines
• W3C Community
- Discussion, proposals, organisation, Github
• A live evolving vocabulary
• Used by millions of domains

56. With
Search Engine
Recognition
A general purpose vocabulary for describing
things on the web.
• Backed by the Search Engines
• W3C Community
- Discussion, proposals, organisation, Github
• A live evolving vocabulary
• Used by millions of domains
• Expanding into domain specific extensions

57. Used by millions of domains

58. Used by millions of domains
640 Types (Classes)
988 Properties

59. Used by millions of domains
640 Types (Classes)
988 Properties

60. Used by millions of domains
640 Types (Classes)
988 Properties

61. Used by millions of domains
640 Types (Classes)
988 Properties

62. Used by millions of domains
640 Types (Classes)
988 Properties

63. Used by millions of domains
640 Types (Classes)
988 Properties

64. Used by millions of domains
640 Types (Classes)
988 Properties

65. Used by millions of domains
640 Types (Classes)
988 Properties

66. Extending Schema.org

67. Extending Schema.org
www.w3.org/community/schemabibex

68. Extending Schema.org
www.w3.org/community/schemabibex

69. Extending Schema.org
www.w3.org/community/schemabibex
Schema.org extensions
• Community led

70. Extending Schema.org
www.w3.org/community/schemabibex
Schema.org extensions
• Community led
• Domain focused

71. Extending Schema.org
www.w3.org/community/schemabibex
Schema.org extensions
• Community led
• Domain focused
• Flat namespace

72. Extending Schema.org
www.w3.org/community/schemabibex
Schema.org extensions
• Community led
• Domain focused
• Flat namespace
• Hosted by Schema.org

73. Extending Schema.org
www.w3.org/community/schemabibex
Schema.org extensions
• Community led
• Domain focused
• Flat namespace
• Hosted by Schema.org
• Initial extensions:
- bib.schema.org
- auto.schema.org
- ???.schema.org

74. Dublin Core
FOAF
SKOS
Bibo / OAD
BIBFRAME
RDA / Marc
CIDOC CRM
Bio / Geo
OWL /
RDF / RDFS
Schema.org
Ontology Project
Vocabularies
With
Search EngineRecognition
Select vocabularies with purpose

75. Dublin Core
FOAF
SKOS
Bibo / OAD
BIBFRAME
RDA / Marc
CIDOC CRM
Bio / Geo
OWL /
RDF / RDFS
Schema.org
Ontology Project
Vocabularies
With
Search Engine
Recognition
Select vocabularies with purpose

76. Dublin Core
FOAF
SKOS
Bibo / OAD
BIBFRAME
RDA / Marc
CIDOC CRM
Bio / Geo
OWL /
RDF / RDFS
Schema.org
Ontology Project
Vocabularies
Being discovered is !
usually one purpose
With
Search Engine
Recognition
Select vocabularies with purpose

77. Research:
A discovery unshared is a secret

78. Research:
Discovering and connecting facts,
materials, sources, people,
places, events, organisations …
and other research.
A discovery unshared is a secret

79. Research:
Discovering and connecting facts,
materials, sources, people,
places, events, organisations …
and other research.
A discovery unshared is a secret
•Identify - to share

80. Research:
Discovering and connecting facts,
materials, sources, people,
places, events, organisations …
and other research.
A discovery unshared is a secret
•Identify - to share
•Identify - to link

81. Research:
Discovering and connecting facts,
materials, sources, people,
places, events, organisations …
and other research.
A discovery unshared is a secret
•Identify - to share
•Identify - to link
•URI - Uniform Resource Identifier

82. A Linked Data Recipe

83. A Linked Data Recipe
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …

84. A Linked Data Recipe
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>

85. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply

86. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply
- don’t just transform an old record format

87. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply
- don’t just transform an old record format
4. Link to authoritative hubs to set your entities in context

88. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
sameAs <https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/> .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply
- don’t just transform an old record format
4. Link to authoritative hubs to set your entities in context
- ISNI, VIAF, ORCID, WorldCat Works, LCSH, Wikidata, …

89. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
sameAs <https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/> .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply
- don’t just transform an old record format
4. Link to authoritative hubs to set your entities in context
- ISNI, VIAF, ORCID, WorldCat Works, LCSH, Wikidata, …
5. Use appropriate vocabularies useful for all consumers

90. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
sameAs <https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/> .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply
- don’t just transform an old record format
4. Link to authoritative hubs to set your entities in context
- ISNI, VIAF, ORCID, WorldCat Works, LCSH, Wikidata, …
5. Use appropriate vocabularies useful for all consumers
a. The vocabularies for your needs

91. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
sameAs <https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/> .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply
- don’t just transform an old record format
4. Link to authoritative hubs to set your entities in context
- ISNI, VIAF, ORCID, WorldCat Works, LCSH, Wikidata, …
5. Use appropriate vocabularies useful for all consumers
a. The vocabularies for your needs
b. Appropriate for your domain

92. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
sameAs <https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/> .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply
- don’t just transform an old record format
4. Link to authoritative hubs to set your entities in context
- ISNI, VIAF, ORCID, WorldCat Works, LCSH, Wikidata, …
5. Use appropriate vocabularies useful for all consumers
a. The vocabularies for your needs
b. Appropriate for your domain
c. Schema.org for everyone else

93. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
sameAs <https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/> .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply
- don’t just transform an old record format
4. Link to authoritative hubs to set your entities in context
- ISNI, VIAF, ORCID, WorldCat Works, LCSH, Wikidata, …
5. Use appropriate vocabularies useful for all consumers
a. The vocabularies for your needs
b. Appropriate for your domain
c. Schema.org for everyone else
6. Openly share your data

94. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
sameAs <https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/> .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply
- don’t just transform an old record format
4. Link to authoritative hubs to set your entities in context
- ISNI, VIAF, ORCID, WorldCat Works, LCSH, Wikidata, …
5. Use appropriate vocabularies useful for all consumers
a. The vocabularies for your needs
b. Appropriate for your domain
c. Schema.org for everyone else
6. Openly share your data
- Open Data license

95. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
sameAs <https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/> .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply
- don’t just transform an old record format
4. Link to authoritative hubs to set your entities in context
- ISNI, VIAF, ORCID, WorldCat Works, LCSH, Wikidata, …
5. Use appropriate vocabularies useful for all consumers
a. The vocabularies for your needs
b. Appropriate for your domain
c. Schema.org for everyone else
6. Openly share your data
- Open Data license
- Return RDF from your URIs - Turtle, JSON, RDF/XML,Triples

96. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
sameAs <https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/> .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply
- don’t just transform an old record format
4. Link to authoritative hubs to set your entities in context
- ISNI, VIAF, ORCID, WorldCat Works, LCSH, Wikidata, …
5. Use appropriate vocabularies useful for all consumers
a. The vocabularies for your needs
b. Appropriate for your domain
c. Schema.org for everyone else
6. Openly share your data
- Open Data license
- Return RDF from your URIs - Turtle, JSON, RDF/XML,Triples
- Embed Schema.org in your HTML

97. A Linked Data Recipe
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>!
a schema:Person ;!
schema:name “Prof. Green” .
sameAs <https://viaf.org/viaf/75121530/> .
1. Establish the entities in your data
- Person, Work, Place, Event, Concept, …
2. Give them URIs
<http://myedu.org/faculty/54729>
3. Describe each entity
- no matter how simply
- don’t just transform an old record format
4. Link to authoritative hubs to set your entities in context
- ISNI, VIAF, ORCID, WorldCat Works, LCSH, Wikidata, …
5. Use appropriate vocabularies useful for all consumers
a. The vocabularies for your needs
b. Appropriate for your domain
c. Schema.org for everyone else
6. Openly share your data
- Open Data license
- Return RDF from your URIs - Turtle, JSON, RDF/XML,Triples
- Embed Schema.org in your HTML
- Optionally add a SPARQL Endpoint to taste

98. Entities and Linked Data

99. Entities and Linked Data
330 Million resources

100. Entities and Linked Data
330 Million resources
198 Million Works

101. Entities and Linked Data
330 Million resources
198 Million Works
98 Million Persons

102. Entities and Linked Data
330 Million resources
198 Million Works
98 Million Persons
VIAF — ISNI — FAST

109. https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q937
Identifying
The Benefit of Linked Data

110. Identifying
The Benefit of Linked Data
Richard Wallis!
Technology Evangelist
@rjw
Melbourne - 2nd July 2015