Led briefly by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistan struggled after independence in 1948 due to a lack of preparedness to rule, strong Islamic fundamentalism, and widespread impoverishment. In 1972, Pakistan divided as East Pakistan became Bangladesh. Pakistan has experienced political instability including multiple prime ministers and military dictators being ousted from power due to corruption charges or being seen as power hungry. Major ongoing issues for Pakistan include terrorism, the Kashmir dispute, nuclear weapons, and tensions between modernizers and fundamentalists.
1. Led briefly byLed briefly by
Muhammad Ali Jinnah.Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Dangerous combinationDangerous combination
Was not preparedWas not prepared
to rule in 1948.to rule in 1948.
Strong IslamicStrong Islamic
fundamentalism.fundamentalism.
Impoverished.Impoverished.
Pakistan divides in 1972Pakistan divides in 1972
W. Pakistan = PakistanW. Pakistan = Pakistan
E. Pakistan = BangladeshE. Pakistan = Bangladesh
PakistanPakistan
EarlyEarly
2. 1971 EAST PAKISTAN BECOMES BANGLADESH!1971 EAST PAKISTAN BECOMES BANGLADESH!
3. First Woman PrimeFirst Woman Prime
Minister, 1988Minister, 1988
Unable to keepUnable to keep
control, froze foreigncontrol, froze foreign
investments/misuse ofinvestments/misuse of
funds.funds.
Ousted in 1990, 1993Ousted in 1990, 1993
on corruption charges.on corruption charges.
Nawaz SharifNawaz Sharif (followed Bhutto)(followed Bhutto)
Ousted three times.Ousted three times.
Struggle betweenStruggle between
modernizers andmodernizers and
fundamentalists.fundamentalists.
Seen as power hungrySeen as power hungry
(kicked out Supreme(kicked out Supreme
Court Justice)Court Justice)
BenazirBhuttoBenazirBhutto
5. Coup d’etatCoup d’etat..
Secular government against IslamicSecular government against Islamic
fundamentalists.fundamentalists.
U.S. ally in the “War on Terror.”U.S. ally in the “War on Terror.”
Some blame for Bhutto’s assassination… LeftSome blame for Bhutto’s assassination… Left
office under allegations of this in 2008office under allegations of this in 2008
Replaced by Asif Ali Zardari.Replaced by Asif Ali Zardari.
Gen. Pervex MusharaffGen. Pervex Musharaff
7. New Friends?New Friends?
Musharraf and VajpayeeMusharraf and Vajpayee
(India) at a meeting on(India) at a meeting on
nuclear issues in Nepal.nuclear issues in Nepal.
Hinweis der Redaktion
Khan stressed modernization.
His following in West Pakistan held liberal views of Islamic law, leading to dissent within W. Pakistan, and especially in East Pakistan.
After Khan left office in 1969, East Pakistan refused to pay taxes to West Pakistan.
West Pakistan sent in troops, sparking civil war.
Thousands killed, millions escaped to India. India entered the war, helped Bangladesh declare its independence in 1972.
The population of India is just over 1 billion people. It is believed that India’s population will surpass that of China by 2020. No success with family planning, birth control/abortion. Necessity of large families in agrarian subsistence lifestyle.
India's economy is uneven at best: many Indians lead a subsistence lifestyle, while a sizeable middle class and a small upper class live in the cities.
The situation in Kashmir is quite dangerous. Ongoing hostilities continue, and both sides continue a low-level crossfire across the border of this divided region. Three wars have been fought over Kashmir: 1948, 1965, and 1971. The 1972 partition did not settle the issue.
Because both sides, India and Pakistan, have nuclear weapons, some fear that the potential for large-scale war could lead to the use of these nuclear weapons. In the summer of 2002, India and Pakistan came within a hair’s breadth of war.