It is my final year project. The project titled " Dual Axis Solar Tracking System" . It was one of a good hardware project.

1. SOLAR BASED MULTIPURPOSE
CHARGER WITH TRACKING SYSTEM
Presented By:
Rittick Maity(1113032)group-49
Under the guidance of:
Swarup Sahoo

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Dual Axis Trackers
• Block Diagram
• Circuit Diagram
• Components Required
• Advantages
• Applications
• Future Scope
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
• Solar energy can be utilized in two ways(1)by collecting the radiant
heat and using it in a thermal system or (2) by collecting and
converting it directly to electrical energy using a photovoltaic system.
The former is referred as “Solar Thermal” and latter as “Solar
Photovoltaic System”.
• Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking
systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam.
• A Solar Tracker is a device that orients a payload toward the sun.
Payloads can be photovoltaic panels, reflectors, lenses or other
optical devices.

4. Dual Axis Trackers
• Double axis solar trackers have both a horizontal and a vertical
axle and so can track the Sun's apparent motion exactly
anywhere in the world.
• Dual axis trackers track the sun both East to West and North
to South for added power output (approx 40% gain) and
convenience

5. Block Diagram

6. Circuit Diagram

7. Components Required
• Solar panel
• LDR(Light dependent resistor)
• Comparator
• H-bridge motor driver(L293D)
• PMDC motor
• Voltage regulator
• Diode

8. Light Dependent Resistor
• Used to sense or detect light
• Resistor whose resistance decreases with increase in intensity
of light
• Made of cadmium sulphide

9. Comparator
• A comparator is a device that compares two voltages
or current and outputs a digital signal indicating which is larger.
It has two analog input terminals -v and +v and one binary
digital output v0 .

10. H-BRIDGE Motor Driver L293D
• L293D is a Motor Driver integrated circuit (IC). It is a 16-pin IC
which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in any
direction. It means that you can control two DC motor with a
single L293D IC.

11. H-Bridge Circuit

12. PMDC Motor(Geared Motor)
• Two geared motors in X and Y direction.
• Used to transmit torque to the panel arrangement.

13. Voltage Regulator
• IC 7812: 7812 is a famous IC which is being widely used in 12V
voltage regulator circuits.
• IC LM317: It is an adjustable voltage regulator IC which means
it provides Line Regulation and Load Regulation.

14. Diode and Zener Diode
• Diode(1N5817): These are simply blocking diodes which
ensure that the current flows only in one way so that the
battery doesn’t discharge when the output from solar panel is
low.
• Zener Diode: Zener Diode ensures that once the charging cut
off voltage is reached by the battery, the charging stops.

15. Advantages
• More efficient compared to normal arrangement.
• Energy output increases up to 30-40% than normal
stationary arrangement.
• High degree of accuracy.
• Eco friendly.

16. Applications
• For solar photovoltaic (PV) panel applications.
• For solar thermal dish/engine applications.

17. Future Scope
• The charger can be designed with maximum peak power
tracking.
• The tracking for azimuthally change of position of SUN in
different seasons.
• The controller can be modified for circular panels for
maximum power receive.
• The timing of the controller can be adjustment of continuous
operation.

18. CONCLUSION
• From our project, it helps to increase the efficiency of output
power up to 30 to 45% without using sensor and
programmable IC unit.
• There is no requirement of technician for solving problem
occurring in the project reinstallation after updating the
advancement process in solar energy conversion system. Here
we can easily upgrade the project for future enhancement also.

19. References
• Stiepanovic, “microcontrller based solar tracking system”
published in “telecommunication in modern satellite”.
• “Electronic Components” by D.V Prasad.
• Tung Shen Zhan, “ Design and Implementation of Dual Axis
Solar Tracking System” in Computer Software and Applications
Conference (COMPSAC), 2013 IEEE 37th Annual .