Cold War Essay Introduction

Introduction
Third world countries became the perfect battleground for cold war proxy battles during the early
1940's to late 1990's. United States wanted to flex its political muscle and try to curtail the spread of
Soviet Communism in the developing nations. Most of the nations in developed world had already
made their political and socio–economic stand regarding the form of governance and leadership
pursued. Underdeveloped nations in Asia, Latin America and Africa were still vulnerable and easily
influenced in terms of ideologies and political direction. Most nations in Latin America like Chile
were recovering from colonialism and thus logistic, economic and political aid from powerful
nations to propel their economies which made it...show more content...
Although hypocritical in terms of ideologies it was sensible in securing its interests. This notion of
foreign policy towards cold war led to CIA participating in covert operations aiding the military
coup against a popular democratically elected President Salvador Allende of Chile. It was
intended to sabotage and counter Allende's Marxist ideologies that were contrary to the capitalist
interests of the Americans in Chile as well as her democratic governance. In this retrospect any
regime which opposed Americans capitalistic liturgies was perceived to retrogressive, tyranny and
oppressing its masses using evil communist ideologies. America's support of the coup under the
orders of President Nixon was a move aimed at suppressing the Marxist economic policies of
Salvador that dominated his ascension to power in 1970 and his reign for three years and . For
United States Capitalism and democracy was applied in double standard and it only depended if the
regime was subscribing to its capitalist socio–political ideas. The concept of democracy was about
interests rather than actual ideology as witnessed in Chile scenario. American backing of for rightist
regime like Pinochet in Chile and elsewhere in Africa Asia and Latin was designed to fit its
imperialistic pattern and agenda. (Larres, 2001, p.227) Countering Soviet Influence
In an example of Chile, Americans tried to counter the influence of USSR
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Was The Cold War Inevitable Essay
1. Introduction
The Cold War is one of the most noteworthy confrontations in history. It was a state of political
tension and military rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, and countries aligned
with each, following WWII to 1991 that stopped short of full–scale war (The American Heritage
Dictionary, p.361). The origin was and still is a major field of Cold War historiography. Questions
include: did Stalin pursue postwar security or did he seek to dominate Europe? Was it an
ideological clash, or a race for power and material interests? Was the Cold War inevitable or
avoidable, given the historical circumstances?
Throughout history numerous historians have written countless books trying to find these answers
and have come up...show more content...
The schools' objectives are to determine which nation, the United States or the Soviet Union, is at
fault for the origin of the cold war that lasted the entire second–half of the twentieth century. The first
school of thought was orthodoxy, which was founded in the early years of the Cold War by the
American government. Orthodoxy concluded that the Soviet Union was to blame because of their
expansion tendencies in Eastern Europe and the US was merely responding to the Soviet's
aggression. Yet as the Vietnam War dragged on, public opinion changed within the US. Americans
looked within their own borders and found themselves guilty. In the 1960s revisionist scholars
placed more blame on the US for the beginning of the cold war. Revisionists, like William
Appleman Williams, considered the US was only interested in economic expansion, and the Soviet
Union was taking defensive measures to protect their borders against a capitalist invasion
(Theoharis, p.3). Another revisionist thesis was that the US or the Truman administration tired to
expel Soviet influence out of Eastern Europe with their atomic monopoly (Schlesinger, p.25). It was
not until the 1970s that historians once again revisited cold war history and asked a new question:
what events were responsible for the cold war, and not who was responsible? Post–revisionists
believed that both sides carried partial blame in starting the Cold War and "drew upon the best of
both orthodox and revisionist history." (Kleinman,

Intelligence capacities of Russia and United States during the cold war
Institution
Name
Date
Intelligence capacities of Russia and United States during the cold war
Introduction
The cold war has become one of the major historic events to remember in the history of many
superpower countries among them, Russia and the United States of America. After the end of World
War II, the cold war emerged as a state of geopolitical tension between the two powers in the Eastern
bloc and the Western bloc. The Eastern bloc comprised of theSoviet Union which was formally
known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and unofficially referred as Russia. The
Western bloc comprised of the United States, North Atlantic Treaty Organization...show more
content...
Because of the countermeasures of deception and denial between these countries, the USSR's nuclear
program seemed to a difficult target for the US. The absence of reliable intelligence posed a great
challenge for the West to understand the vital growth within the Soviet nuclear complex and as a
result, significant intelligence breaches emerged between the two nations. Throughout the Cold War,
the United States together with its associates employed atomic energy intelligence effort to counter
the Soviet Union of Russia. However, Russia was more advanced in all their operations as the
intelligence system in its communities was at a high glance. All these intelligences led to the ending
of the Cold

Origin of the Cold War Essay
After the Second World War America and the Soviet Union gained power in Europe. Though these to
countries never fought one another, they waged a cold war of economic, military and ideological
rivalry which last through the second half of the twentieth century. The origin of the Cold War began
with the Russian Revolution in nineteen–seventeen, which created a Soviet Russia. The Soviet
Russia did not have the same economic and ideological state as the United States. The Civil war in
Russia in which Western powers unsuccessfully intervened, dedicated to the spreading of
communism. This fueled an environment of mistrust and fear between Russia and the rest of
Europe. The United States pursued a policy of isolationism; however the situation...show more
content...
The allies did liberated large parts of Western Europe and recreated democratic nations. This
divide Europe into two blocks and each occupied by armies America and the Allies and in the east
Russia. The United States wanted a democratic Europe and Russia wanting a communist Europe.
The difference was added fear of the Soviet invasion in the West and Russians fear of the atomic
bomb. There was also fear of economic collapse in the west versus fear of economic domination
by the west. This lead to the clash of ideologies; capitalism versus communist. The Soviet feared a
rearmed Germany hostile to Russia. Churchill described the dividing the lines between East and
West Germany as an Iron Curtain. With Europe firmly divided into communist and capitalist,
Germany became the new battle ground. There was the Berlin Blockade this was aimed at bluffing
the Allies into renegotiation the division of Germany in his favor. This act did work, the allies just
called his bluff by flying over Russian airspace. Stalin did not retaliate and risk war. In
nineteen–forty nine with the Berlin Blockade in full effect and the threat of conflict with Russia, the
Western powers signed the NATO treaty creating a military alliance. When Russia detonated its first
atomic weapon, America advantage of having war was over because the fears over the consequences
of nuclear conflict. Later West Germany was

The Cold War
Historical Context:
The Cold War started by the end of the Second World War. The aim of this war was to spread
opposing ideologies of Capitalism and Communism by the two world superpowers without the result
of a hot war. The war was between the Capitalist West– namely: the United States of America,
Britain and France – and Communist East – known to be Russia and all the satellite states which
communism had taken over. An agreement made at the Yalta meeting of 1945 was thatGermany
would be divided into four sectors. One sector went to Britain, one to France, one to the USA and
the last and biggest sector to Russia. The Russian sector surrounded the Capital city. In addition to
this, the German capital of Berlin was also divided into four sectors. However by 1961, all
Capitalist sectors had merged to form one independent country known as the German Federal
Republic and so too, did all the Capitalist zones in Berlin merge to form West Berlin. In the same
light, the Russian Sector also formed an independent country known as the German Democratic
Republic and the Russian Sector of Berlin was thereon seen as East Berlin.
Each superpower had different agendas with regards to Germany. The West built up Germany to
ensure that it would not fall to communism and to show the rest of Europe the outcome of capitalist
support. While the East completely crippled Germany by stripping the country of its commodities in
order to ensure a German attack on Russia would not be possible.

Vietnam and The Cold War Essay
Vietnam and The Cold War
It is impossible to accurately describe the major events that occurred during the cold war without
mentioning the war in Vietnam. From its start, this war has been very controversial concerning its
purposes and effects on the countries involved. Both sides of this war lost a great number of
soldiers and most of these men and women were not even sure why they were fighting. To this day,
there is still a lot of uncertainty about the events that took place during this heated time in south
Asia. One of the biggest questions raised is why the United States felt it was their responsibility to
ever got involved and what were they trying to gain by sending in their troops. A look at the history
of the cold war and...show more content...
From the beginning of his term, Diem felt that North Vietnam was planning to forcefully take over
South Vietnam. Diem began to arrest anyone who was suspected of being a Communist. Soon after,
North Vietnam began attempting to reunify Vietnam through political means, and not through the
use of violence. After this proved to be an unsuccessful attempt, North Vietnam and the Communist
Party finally approved the use of violence to overthrow Ngo Dinh Diems government. The National
Liberation Front (NLF) was thus developed by the Communists, allowing anyone who was against
Diem and for the unification of Vietnam to join to join their alliance.
After noticing that South Vietnam was on shaky ground, President Kennedy decided to send in a
limited number of troops to aid Diem and his government. However, Diem began to lose popularity
among his people and eventually he and his brother were assassinated. Three weeks after the deaths
of these two leaders, President Kennedy was assassinated. President Lyndon B. Johnson decided
more action needed to be taken in South Vietnam and, after two U.S. ships were destroyed in the
Gulf on Tonkin, Johnson and his administration began to order air attacks upon the North
Vietnamese (the U.S. referred to them as the "Vietcong"). Soon afterwards, the NLF attacked two
U.S. army installations in South Vietnam and, as a result, Johnson orders bombing missions

Post-Cold War Period Causes of Conflict Essay
Post–Cold War Period Causes of Conflict
The end of the Cold War meant that the ideological conflict of dominance between East (Soviet
Union and Eastern Europe) and West (USA and Western Europe) was over. Contrary to the
expectations that world would be much safer in the post–Cold War,United States and Soviet Union
were faced with new security issues that they did not know how to deal with.
The objective of this essay is to show that with all these changes that occurred with the end of the
Cold War, causes of the conflict indeed altered from the classic ones. First the end of the Cold War
and the changes in the world order that followed will be outlined. Secondly, the increase in wars
within...show more content...
Snow (1991, p.44) states that "[i]n 'simpler' days during Cold War, possession of nuclear weapons
was thought to provide the possessors with the special power, that could be translated into usable
influence in the international system". This means that some conflicts were kept under control
because the world was ruled by bipolar system (USA and Soviet Union). However, conflicts were
not absent during this period, but the parties in a conflict would often seek assistance from one of
the superpowers and hence strengthen the conception of a bipolar world (e.g. the Vietnam War).
With the end of the Cold War this system transformed into a multipolar system where new conflicts
emerged. As Mearsheimer states, key elements in the Long Peace was bipolarity, an equal balance
of military power and nuclear weapons. (Mearsheimer 1990,"Why We Will Soon Miss The Cold
War"). This factor was now no longer present, although some scholars argue that this era is
characterised by unipolarism (i.e. US hegemony), rather than multipolarism.
From wars between states to wars withinstates
The vast majority of conflicts before and during the Cold War were between states. In the post–Cold
War period the number of interstate wars decreased, and new threats occurred, such as ethnic
conflicts, rise of nationalism, global threats to the environment and terrorism. These were dominant
factors that

Cold War Superpowers Essay
Although the United States and the Soviet Union were allies during the Second World War against
Germany, after the war both superpowers returned to their previous ideological conflict. The period
after the Second World War is referred to as the Cold War and it involved the Soviet Union and the
United States. The Cold War is an indirect conflict based on the ideologies of communism and
capitalist liberal democracy. These superpowers went to extreme lengths to promote their ideology
and acted upon many policies such as brinkmanship, containment, and expansionism. The most
significant policies that influenced these superpowers and other international relations after the
Second World War, were deterrence, containment, and brinkmanship.
Deterrence is the idea that when two superpowers have enough defences, such as military and
nuclear defences, to destroy each other, they will be deterred due to the fear and doubt of the
consequences. An example of deterrence would be the Soviet Union and the United States' built up
of nuclear weapons. These superpowers had no real intent on using their arms. The act of
deterrence between the Soviet Union and the United States was to ensure a balance of power. An
unwinnable or undesirable nuclear war is referred to as Mutually Assured Destruction. This policy
was significant as the superpowers involved had directly attacked, their nuclear war would end all
life on the planet. This nuclear war created tension and fear between nations. Deterrence

Who Was To Blame For The Cold War
Introduction
Overview
This essay, aims to discuss and analyse the various factors and developments of why the Soviet
Union and the United States are both to blame for starting the Cold War. What is the Cold War?
According to (Clare, 2002), the cold war was the war of influence between the USA and the Soviet
Union. Consequences of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and World War II. It was highly driven
by the thirst for economic, political and strategic power that was influenced by the different
ideologies democracy and communism adopted by these two great nations. Post World War 2
proved to be a very crucial time for these two allied nations to try and extend their influence in
Europe due to the devastating effects of the war against the Nazi–empire (Clare, 2002). This thirst
for power created rivalry and conflict between these two nations, the issue was that they could not
engage in open conflict or hot war due to the fear that both nations were capable of destroying each
other if war would start. This philosophy was later accepted as the MAD (mutually assured
destruction) doctrine. (Hobsbawm, 1994, p.226). The ongoing rivalry grew as the US aimed at
encouraging other nations to follow its...show more content...
These events serve to justify the argument that both the Soviet Union and the United States are to
blame for starting and maintaining the Cold War.
These events are
Yalta ( Feb 1945) and Potsdam Conference Jul 17, 1945
Roosevelt's death Apr 12, 1945 and Truman is the new president.
The US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 8, 1945.
George Kennan and Containment policy Feb 22, 1946
Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech Mar 5, 1946
The Truman Doctrine Mar 12, 1947 and the Marshall Plan Jun 5,

Cold War Space Essay
Introduction
After the ending of the second World War a new conflict had commenced: the Cold War. This
ideological competition placed two superpowers against each other, the capitalist United States and
the communist Soviet Union. This signalled a transformation of a new age. For the United States
government, small increments of legislation, military power and the implementation of a new space
agency into the political–economic system were placed. Space exploration was targeted for the
political economic analysis as they were close interactions between industry, academic circles, and
government. The execution of a fruitful space program needed huge investments in infrastructure,
proficiency and the expectation of high risk. The private...show more content...
It was a war sustained by the political distrust between two nations with polarizing political
ideologies. American politics and society was governed by democracy, while in the Soviet Union
communism ruled the political landscape. The fear for an all out nuclear war grew imminent and as
a response, both countries devised new ways to retaliate using nuclear weapons. Rockets were
developed as a response to this need.
Before the launch of the Soviet Sputnik satellite in 1957, the United States had worked towards the
same goal. The Eisenhower administration quietly created a project that involved satellites to orbit
around the earth for the sole purpose of surveillance. The information collected would be used to
avoid armed nuclear conflict with the Soviet Union. Many in the military were convinced that
space could become a place of military battle. Many of these ideas were kept secret from the public
and thus the Soviet's accomplishment created the Sputnik crisis. Ultimately Eisenhower was forced
to respond with the launch of Explorer 1. By early 1958 the administration's space advisor James
Killian created new civil space agency called the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
(NACA). Its mission was to control non–military missions for space exploration. On October 1,
1958, NACA was disbanded, and transformed into the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration

Introduction: Cold war was the phase of hostile rivalry between the USSR and Americans. This
term is used to describe the relationship between America and Soviet Union after the World War 2
or in the period from 1945 to 1980. Cold War got its name as both sides were afraid of fighting
each other, as both possessed nuclear weapons, by the 1950s, there was the fear of complete
destruction of the two countries. So they fought indirectly by threatening and denouncing each other
using words as weapons or by trying to make the other state look foolish or by using client states to
fight for their beliefs. For example South Vietnam was anticommunist and fought for America
against the Soviet Union, while North Vietnam was pro–communist and fought against the
Americans for the Soviet Union. Cold War was the clash of different ideas and beliefs which caused
the...show more content...
USSR found it difficult to forget that Britain and USA tried to destroy the Russian Revolution in
1918. Same way, USA couldn't forget that Stalin signed the Nazi–Soviet pact in1939 with Germany.
Aside from these causes of difference in aims, ideology and the past resentments there were series
of events that step by step broke down the alliance and turned the war allies into future enemies.
There was no trust between the two states. Each was vastly different than the other so they viewed
each other in hostility. Each believed that they were right while the other was wrong. This led every
action either of them took to be wrongly interpreted by the other allowing the resentment and hatred
to grow.
The argument about who is responsible for the cold war is in fact a matter of opinions. Some
believe that America was responsible for the advent of cold war whereas others believe that USSR
was responsible for the cold war. This is just how the events that led to the cold war are viewed and
show how much weight age is put on one event.
USSR's

Introduction
Kenneth Waltz agrued the difference in stability between the WWII and Cold War era is the result
of multipolarity and bipolarity. This essay will argue that Waltz's argument is partly correct, as
polarity can only explain the relative stability of the Cold War era, but it doesn't fully explain the
eruption of general warfare in WWII era. This essay will first define several terms. Next, it will
briefly introduce Waltz's argument, Then, an altnerative of his arguments will be introduced. Finally,
it will evaluable whether the altnerative suggested here or Waltz's argument is more plausible.
In this essay, stability is defined as the lack of possibility of collapse of the existing world order or
peace. This definition is used as...show more content...
The sympathy towards the 'punished' Germany had led to inaction of the international community.
Moreover, the fear of war induced by WWI made nations to avoid war at all cost, even if it means
the 'evil' Hilter will remain undettered.
The relative stability of the Cold War era happens for several domestic factors.
Firstly, both the USA and USSR realised that the Cold War will be a mutual assured destruction, if
either side launched nuclear missiles, then the other side will do the same, after several rounds of
nuclear exchange, USA and USSR, and possibly humanity will be destroyed. With such realization,
engaging in a open warfare is not preceived as a good option by both sides (How did we forget
about mutually assured destruction? – BBC News. 2012, February).
Secondly, is the preceived creditability of USSR in the eyes of USA (Nye, J. S., & Welch, D. A.
2014), hence, there is less uncertainty in USSR's actions (Press, D. G. 2005). Since there is less
uncertainty, a direct confrontation is less likely. For the WWII era, Germany, as a totalitarian
regime, which tends to be less predictable. However, certainty played a relatively minor role in the
stability of Cold

Causes Of The Cold War
Introduction
The Cold War, a conflict between the United States and Soviet Union, the two global superpowers at
the time. Given the name "Cold War" only for the fact that neither the Soviet Union nor the United
States fought directly with one another, instead the war was waged through allies in the form of
proxy wars and through increased use of intensive espionage, a never–ending arms race, immense
technological competition and on a political forefront as both sides tried to gain the upper hand. The
Cold War defined both countries policies throughout its following years, each side viewed the Cold
War as a battle between civilizations; in the worldwide clash between American capitalism and
Soviet Communism, ultimately leading to the...show more content...
(DONE)
The fog of war, the idea that war is so complex that the human mind cant even comprehends all the
variables that could potentially occur. "If the cold war was a security dilemma, both sides should
have been preoccupied with defending themselves instead they sought to control, more
expansionistic rather than a traditional defensive state. Although real disagreements and sources of
conflict might have existed, the main obstacle to potential settlements of these issues would not
have been the disagreements themselves, but the fear on each side of being exploited by the other
side. If each side had been able to discern the other's motives, much of the conflict would have been
avoided." (Jervis, 2006)
Joseph Stalin's, the Soviet Union leader from 1929 till 1953 and the reason for the Soviet Union
rise from a suffering society into a military superpower, style and his knowledge of Soviet
weakness led him to adopt tactics that were likely to increase Western fear and hostility. He told
Vyacheslav Molotov, a Soviet politician loyal to Stalin and his policies: "It is obvious that in
dealing with such partners as the U.S. and Britain we cannot achieve anything serious if we begin
to give in to intimidation or betray uncertainty. To get anything from this kind of partner, we must
arm ourselves with the policy of tenacity and steadfastness." (Harper, 2011. Pg 57) The Cold War
was not a security dilemma, we can analyse the actions of each leader and see that they sought to

Sports And Sports In The Cold War
How were sports used as propaganda in the cold war?
Introduction
The Cold War was a diplomatic war between the two superpowers, USSR and USA. Despite being
the two most powerful countries in the world, no actual fighting took place. Instead, the war was
fought through various methods of propaganda and threats.
Sports were a very large part of propaganda in the Cold War. Countries were trying to prove their
superiority in every way, and used sports as an effective method to do so. Soviets and the West were
tight rivals, and would go to any limit to prove their superiority against their opposer. The actual
sports had meaning to authorities, but what pleased them more was the medals. Athletes were mere
amateurs at first, and spent all their time training in state–of–the–art Russian facilities, instead of
working in factories like they were meant to....show more content...
The continuous victories of Soviet Russia and East Germany were no accident. Their governments
took great care to build excellent training facilities and fund sports clubs to train their athletes. The
states would pick out promising students and put them under extensive training in state–operated
training bases and specialized sports schools. Local schools would have intense rivalry for spots in
these training bases. Youths under these programs would then be channeled towards the sports
which suited them best. These training programs would be based upon a universal standard for the
players that must be achieved. At the same time, they were also trained to be athletic "ambassadors"
for their countries, brainwashed to sing praise of the country at their international games. Another
reason for this brainwashing is the possibility of them being influenced by their capitalist western
opponents. Athletes that ran away were forgotten, erased from the history

Major Effects Of The Cold War
I.Introduction
Throughout the 20th century, the world has seen a number of major revolutions worldwide as well
as unbearable wars filled with bloodshed such as the two world wars, the Chinese and Spanish civil
wars as well as the Russian Revolution. However, a war that extended throughout the majority of the
20th century would be the Cold War that lasted for 46 years from 1945 up until 1991 (The George
Washington University). Many would not consider the Cold War to be war in the traditional sense
due to the fact that direct confrontation between the two nations that were majorly involved; the
USA and the USSR, was absent; hence its name. The word "cold" symbolizes its inability to
officially "blow–up" as some would say; thus, remaining an era of intense tension between the two
world powers (citation).
The USSR, also known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a socialist state established
in 1922 following the Russian Revolution...show more content...
Both nations viewed the production of nuclear arms as a deterrent that would stop the ideologically
opposing world power from attacking. In addition, and at many instances, the piling of nuclear
arsenal aimed to provide superiority, resulting in increased spending and many would argue that it
was the main reason the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 while others claim that its role was minor
as it was the flawed communist system or Mikhail Gorbachev's sudden attempt to introduce change
and reform the Communist system that were to be blamed (citation). This has caused a worldwide
debate regarding the effects and significance of the nuclear arms race, leading to the coining of this
investigation's research question; to what extent did the nuclear arms race of the Cold War lead to
the collapse of the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev in

John F Kennedy And The Cold War
Many Americans wanted a better life with more opportunities a so called, "American Dream". The
demands for high industry products grew and so did labor. America also was faced with another war
,but this time against Communism.
The Cold War
The Cold War was a stress of powers between theSoviet Union and the United States. Each country
was battling for the spot as the superpower of the world. Each one thought that they needed to be
the leading power to bring the world into a new age. Both began what was known as the "arms
race" to see which one was able to invent atomic bombs first.
The Cuban Missile Crisis
John F. Kennedy was president in 1962 and was facing a nuclear war with Soviet Union. When
Fidel Castro took power of Cuba in 1959

Decolonization and the Influence of the Cold War The decades following World War II were all
centered on the concept of decolonization, the dismantlement of Imperial empires established prior
to World War I throughout Africa and Asia. Due to the aftermath of World War II, countries around
the world experienced massive independent movements whose objective was to eliminate
colonization and form new independent nations. The process of decolonization was separated by
three different approaches: civil war, negotiated independence through foreign pressure, and violent
incomplete decolonization. China, for example, had its internal struggles with Nationalistic and
Communist parties conflicting that caused a civil war between the two...show more content...
The East, represented by the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies, advocated the destruction of
capitalism and the establishment of Communism throughout the world. Opposing them were the
United States and its North American Treaty Organization (NATO) allies that attempted to contain
Communist expansion efforts, defending its actions through the Truman Doctrine and the Domino
Theory. The Domino theory stated that if one nation fell to Communism, the neighboring nations
would be affected and falls to Communism, eventually resulting in the inevitable spread of
Communism throughout the world. One of the first nations that the United States and Soviet Union
sought to establish control was in Korea. After 1949, when Chinese communist leader Mao Zedong
proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the spread of communism began to
target the country of Korea. Following the end of World War II, Korea was divided along the 38th
parallel into "Soviet" North Korean and "American" South Korea occupation zones. Heavily armed
with artillery and tanks, North Korean troops crossed and invaded South Korea on June 25th, 1950.
Abiding to the containment of the Domino theory, United States immediately responded to the
unprovoked attack. Under the leadership of the supreme commander of the United Nations coalition
forces, General Douglas MacArthur, the South Korean forces managed to push back the

Cold War Impact
Introduction
The United States and the Soviet Union were involved in Cold War, after World War II, that is,
between the year 1945 and 1990 when it ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union. This war was
unique because it was no combative. In the absence of direct confrontation and fighting between the
two sides, Proxy wars took over, which meant that they supported the regional wars fought by their
respective allies. Consequently, the United States throughout its different regimes sought to face out
communism from its government, which was an economic, social and political ideology for the
Soviets, contrary to capitalism, which the Americans subscribed to. In view of that, discussed below
will be, the effects of both the Cold War and the fight against communism on the Americans, as well
as cases of Proxy wars witnessed in the surrogate countries.
The Impact of the Cold War in America...show more content...
The battle played a big role in influencing many aspects of the country's social and cultural existence,
ranging from the civil rights crusade to survival movements, from entertainment industries to the
learning institutions. The risk posed by nuclear threats from the Soviets caused a lot of anxiety to the
American citizens. Hence, various effects such as the Interstate Freeway System, and the creation of
the National Defense Act were implemented. Additionally, the Cuban missile crisis brought fear and
doubts on the civilians, since, they were not sure if the government had appropriate measures to
protect them from that eminent danger. However, positive effects also originated from the Cold War.
For example, America became economically dominant globally, due to an initiative described as
"The Consumer Culture," which encouraged citizens to purchase consumer goods in plenty, thus
improving the economy of their

Introduction
The term "Cold War" refers to the second half of the 20th century, usually from the end of the
World War II until 1990, when the Soviet Union collapsed. Since the 1940s and 1950s the scholars
have disagreed on the topic of the origins of the Cold War. There are several groups of historians
and their interpretations are very different, sometimes even contradictory. The three main schools are
the orthodox, the revisionist and the realist. The classification is not completely accurate because we
can find several differences in theories of scholars within the same group and often the authors
reevaluated their ideas over time.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze each of the three main schools; to introduce their main ideas
...show more content...
This school emerged in the early years of the Cold War. The basic ideas of this interpretation can be
found in the famous speech of Winston Churchill in Fulton. During the first Cold War years, most
scholars accepted the official interpretation created by Western politicians.
The historian's belonging to this school see the Truman doctrine from 1947 as the point when the
Cold War started. They put the responsibility for the Cold War on the Soviet Union and its
expansionist policy. According to them, this is the reason, why Soviets broke promises from the
negotiations during the World War II, especially the Yalta agreement. On the other hand, the U.S.
politicians wanted to continue the cooperation between the Allies even after the defeat of the Axis.
They put a lot of hope to the newly created organization – United Nations – and the principle of
collective security. However, the U.S. needed to react to the Soviet aggression in Europe. They
adopted the policy of containment. The orthodox scholars view this policy as necessity because
without it "the Soviet Union would have become the master of all Europe, instead of only the
eastern Europe" .
The views of the traditional school were strongly supportive of the U.S. foreign policy against the
U.S.S.R. and it had several advantages. Scholars received money for research from governmental
and private

World Wars and The Cold War Essay examples
Introduction The twentieth century saw two lengthy and costly wars, which were then followed by
a Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States. World War I was deemed the "Great
War" but many did not anticipate another war after it just a mere twenty years later...a war that was
even more intense than the previous one. The Cold War that began in 1947 and lasted until 1991 but
had the term "zero–sum game" tethered to it. Two differing political systems, communist and
capitalist, were at odds with one another on multiple platforms. Many feared that a win for the
Soviets would create a domino effect, where one country after another would fall to communism in
Europe. The idea of the domino effect is typically associated with George...show more content...
111).
Because the realists central examination of historical events is on the struggles and shifts in power;
and, geography at the core, there were several prominent aspects that might support this perspective.
The unification of Germany, the inflexibility of alliances (between German and Britain for
example); the sheer power of Britain; and, the fact that because Germany was geographically closer
to Britain and therefore by proximity was more of a direct threat. All these factors formed queues
that may have led to the war based on this perspective. Forsberg (n.d.) details the realist explanations
for World War Ias follows:
Rise of German power: following German reunification in 1871, a disruption in the balance of
power in one part of Europe was more likely to trigger a wider war.
In addition to political unification, Germany was growing economically and had strong power
conversions.
The Triple Entente and Triple Alliance offered a near–perfect offset of each other, but some believe
it failed because it was so rigid.
Although power was balanced for the time being, Germany feared future imbalances, particularly
from the growing power of Russia.
Britain, the previous hegemon, had seen its power decline at the turn of the twentieth century; thus it
could no longer guarantee the security of Europe.
A domestic–level relist explanation holds that German domestic politics were unduly aggressive,
causing the country

Cold War Essay Introduction

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