This Power point

1. A brief overview
By
Dr. Shazia Khan
PDF, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

2. Academic libraries are the “heart” of the learning community,
providing a place for students and faculty to do their research
and advance their knowledge.
“An academic library is a library that is attached to a
higher education institution which serves two
complementary purposes to support the school's
curriculum, and to support the research of the
university faculty and students” (Wikipedia)
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_library)

3. There appear to be three phases:
(1)A small college community, on a centralized campus,
requiring a single library building.
(2)An expanding campus community, which has faculties
developing into dispersed segments of the campus landscape
resulting in perceived faculty ownership of independent
libraries.
(3)A stage where co-ordination of the various faculty libraries
becomes necessary i.e. for development, managerial,
professional and technical reasons resulting in a central
administration.
Generally Academic Libraries are categorized into three:
◉ School Libraries
◉ College Libraries
◉ University Libraries

4. “The school Library provides information, inculcates ideas, and develops
knowledge that is so essential to functioning successfully in today’s information
and knowledge based society. It is fundamental to school library to equip students
with life long learning skills and develop in them creative thinking and
imagination, and enabling them to live as ideal and responsible citizens”.(CBSE
Guidelines)
(http://cbse.nic.in/LIBRARY-1-99.pdf)
Generally there are three prerequisites in any school library:
 Good resources
 A skilled librarian
 Collaboration with all teaching departments

6. Collection
 E-resources for children: say fun Math, Science, Geography, English, etc.
 Range of stock to reflect the whole curriculum
 Various e-text books links are given open to children
 Category wise Resources i.e. Staff, Students, Parents.
 Collections of resources for topic teaching
 Texts to support literacy across the curriculum
 Fiction to support curriculum topics
 Identified and bookmarked websites
Functioning
 Parents are welcome to choose books with children
 School Library Services
 Virtual Reference service to the children and staff(chat with the librarian
or Ask the Librarian links)
 Generally the school libraries provide the link to public libraries of their
respective districts, (specially to the children section of the public
library)

7.  Guidelines and counseling for further and
higher education are also provided by the
school library.
 The school libraries are act as virtual libraries
and provide remote access to their pupil.
Staff
Usually one or two Library staff is there to
take care of the resources and providing
services

8. School Libraries provide OPAC especially Web
OPAC with good search facilities.
Information Literacy
Information literacy is the buzz word today and almost all kind
of libraries are regularly conducting IL programs
 Regular current awareness and orientation
programs for teaching staff – detailing how
the school librarian‟s resources and skills can
support new curriculum initiatives are held.

9.  There is no as such rule or link provided into
the website for the library rules, advocacy or
policy but nearly all the school libraries work
according to IFLA School Library Manifesto
2000. It says
“It has been demonstrated that, when teachers and librarians
work together, students achieve higher levels of literacy, reading,
learning, problem solving and information and communication
technology skills” (UNESCO/IFLA School Library Manifesto
2000)
Retrieved July 15,2015, from
http://www.unesco.org/webworld/libraries/manifestos/school_manifesto.html

10.  Collaborative planning between teaching staff
and the librarian for collection development
and book selections
 Library Rules and guidelines are either
displayed on the entrance gate or kept in a
public file to display.
Outreach Services(Extension services)
◉Celebrating success of the pupils
◉Various competitions such as essay writing,
debate, painting, etc are regularly conducted
for the promotional development of children
◉Book fairs and exhibitions are held to develop
love for books to their children

11.  Organizations promoting reading – The Reading
Agency, Booktrust,The National Literacy Trust
 Regional arts councils and Creative Partnerships
 Agencies promoting libraries – the School Library
Association(SLA), the Chartered Institute of Library
and Information Professionals (CILIP)
 Local primary / secondary cluster groups
 The Local Education Authority
 It is to be noted that CILIP and The SLA act as the governing
bodies of School Libraries

13. Some Examples of
School Libraries
In USA

14. Library
Resources
Library
Catalog
(OPAC)
E-Books

15. Outreach
activities
Teacher
Resources/
Staff
Resources
Other
Library
resources
Link to Public
Libraries

16. Library
home
Page
Links to Library Resources
Library Catalog,
Databases, E-
Books………………etc.
Instructions to Parents
participation in Library

17. „School libraries are an under-utilized resource,
often perceived by head teachers to be a low
priority. What should be a vital ingredient of our
schools system is marginalized and seems not to
be connected with the acknowledged educational
priorities of literacy and information skills
supporting knowledge acquisition, which are
their core business”. (School Library Commission,
2010)
Retrieved July20, 2015, from
(http://www.cilip.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/strategic-
school-libraries-report_0.pdf)

18.  There is no clear picture of School Libraries in
UK. A few schools have Library‟s link on their
websites
 The schools have well maintained websites
but the resources in their libraries are not
well defined
 We can concluded the conditions of school
libraries by analyzing the results of two or
more surveys
 The results are given in the next slide

19. The UK National Survey of
School Libraries
found that:
1.http://www.cilip.org.uk/sites/default/files/docum
ents/BeatingHeartoftheSchool.pdf
2.http://www.cilip.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/
strategic-school-libraries-report_0.pdf

20.  The number of books does not generally grow as
student numbers increase.
 More than half of book stocks are seen as good but
13% are patchy or poor
Functioning
 More than 25% of secondary school libraries do not
operate for a full school day
 Only 25% of secondary school libraries operate an
extended school day
 Only 17% of the libraries have enough computers or
laptops for an average class
 Almost a third of the libraries have insufficient space

21.  Almost half the library budgets for books and other
resources are frozen at the previous year‟s level; almost
a third have been cut, some from a very low base.
The 2012 School Library Association Survey3 confirmed these figures with
34% of responding secondary schools reporting a reduction and 49% a
freeze in budgets.
(http://www.cilip.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/BeatingHeartoft
heSchool.pdf)
Staff
 The survey confirmed that relatively few schools have a
designated librarian, although some professional
support is usually to hand
 It also showed that though relatively few had a
designated school librarian, 90% accessed professional
support via the Schools Library Service

22.  Schools Library Services are support services delivered by
local authorities providing primary and secondary schools
with advice and training on managing and developing their
own school libraries and teaching resources, on teaching
information and digital fluency to enable children to
become independent learners and on helping schools create
a reading culture.
 Schools Library Services are often a traded service to
schools. When faced with tough budget decisions some
schools are choosing to no longer use them, so children are
missing out, and the school as a whole loses the added
value and economies of scale.

23.  Three quarters of the school libraries actively
engage in information literacy development in
the school, but they may focus too much on
finding and selecting information
Outreach Services
• Some School libraries actively promote reading
for pleasure. They present displays, organize
reading clubs and author visits, get involved in
awards for reading and support school efforts to
develop literacy and wider reading

24. Some Examples of School
Libraries
In UK

25. Library
Instructio
ns

26. European continent has well equipped and well
maintained school libraries. Almost all the
Libraries are fully automated but no
description of the Library Automation
software is given on school websites.
Collection
Like USA, School Libraries in Europe hold rich
collection of Library resources. Books,
Magazines, Fiction-Books, Non-Fiction Books
along with E-resources such as CDs with
documentary films, stories, e-books and links
to web resources, etc.

27.  There is a collaboration between the teaching and the library staff.
 There is a collaboration between the school library and the
public/children‟s library to improve learning and reading skills and in
offering a wide range of (traditional and digital) resources.
 Provide Reference Service and virtual reference services along with other
routine services to their clientele
 Library staff also keep children update to new arrivals
 Training programs are regularly conducted to use library resources and
instructions to search OPAC are given on the website or stucked on the
walls of library.
 Like USA school Libraries, Parents are also welcome to choose books for
their children
 Libraries are also called media centers here.
 There are proper library schedule given in the school curriculum.
 Library timings are also properly mentioned.
 Web 2.0 technologies are used at great extent, e.g. Blogging, Ask a
Librarian, etc.

28. A professionally trained staff are
recruited,responsible for planning and managing
the school library.
However, the situation in this field varies very
much from country to country and sometimes
within the same country.
Librarian is also called Information Specialist.
Library Catalogue
School Libraries provide OPAC
Some School Libraries/ Media centers also provide web
OPAC

29.  The school Librarians provide regular training to use
library resources to the children
 Library period of 15-20 mints is given in the school
schedule along with other classes.
Library advocacy, Policies, Funding, Legislation
 School libraries mainly funded by its parent institution
 “School libraries may be funded or helped by local authorities:
e.g., City Councils assist school libraries in Norway; in Denmark
“in connection with the Folkeskole (national primary school
system)”
 “The municipalities also provide a long list of offers, such as
school libraries” (Denmark, Indenrigs –og Sundhedsministeriet,
2002), or at national level as in France”.
(http://eprints.rclis.org/14272/1/marquardt_final4IFLA_20080818.pdf)

30.  “The school library is mentioned both in the
Library Act and in the school legislation for
instance”,
 in Spain: the art. No. 113 of the Ley Orgánica
2/2006.1regarding school legislation
 the Danish Act No. 340 of 17. May 2000
regarding library services (stated in Part 2,
art.18)
Retrieved July 20, 2015, from
(http://eprints.rclis.org/14272/1/marquardt_final4IFLA_20080818.pdf

31.  Some school Librarians involved in celebrating
success of their children by displaying the snapshots
of meritorious students in sports, various
competitions, etc. for e.g. Dresden International
School, Germany.
 Organize book fairs, book exhibitions, story telling
hours
 Special summer reading sections are there in some
libraries.
 Most of the Libraries have Library Blogs for
discussions and other interactions with teachers,
children and parents
 There is a special library period for each class given
in school schedule.

32. Some examples of
School Libraries
In Europe

33. School Library is
divided in Two
sections
Library schedule
Summer Reading
Library Blog

34. Library
resources
Electronic
Library
Search
OPAC
Library Blog
Dresden International
School has three libraries:
•Primary School Library
•Secondary School Library
•Electronic Library
Outreach

35. Resources
Library
hours
Library
Catalog(OPAC)

36.  School Libraries in India are not so well equipped and maintained
like USA and European Schools‟ Libraries, but some school
libraries have rich collection of resources.
 Some school libraries are automated but others are still in their
infancy regarding automation as well as collection
 “Although the college and university libraries have developed to a great
extent as a result of the work done by UGC and INFLIBNET, the school
libraries are a neglected lot in India . According to the 5 th All India
Educational Survey, only about 40% of the schools have libraries that too in
public schools. Moreover, the situation in rural areas is worse than the urban
areas. The number of the trained librarians working in the schools is still
less. The school libraries neither have good collection nor sufficient space
because of the financial constraints. The libraries of public schools are
slightly better as compared to their government counterparts. The situation
is worst in case of libraries of government primary and middle schools”.
( Mahajan, P.(2010) School Libraries in India: Present-day Scenario. Library Philosophy and Practice(e-journal). Retrieved July
22, 2015, from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1384&context=libphilprac)

37.  Unlike USA and Europe, the collection in Indian
School Libraries is up to the mark and even some
school libraries have print collections only.
 There is exceptions, for e.g. KV Library Pottam,
The Cathedral & John Connon School, Mumbai is fully
automated and these are also having digital
collections and making use of Web 2.0
technologies to serve their clientele
 Generally text books and magazines are the main
collection of School libraries in India
 Some libraries also having e-resources and links
to web resources for children

38.  Collaboration with the teaching staff is there.
 The documents in most of the school libraries are kept in
cabinets under lock and key and are made available to the
students on demand only.
 The library acquires the magazines on current affairs and
sports besides a number of daily newspapers in English,
Hindi and other regional languages.
 There is no role of parents
 All libraries are not automated, hence services are provide
manually
 Majority of the school librarians in India do not provide
any other service except the circulation of books in the
absence of good library infrastructure.
 Some libraries are making full use of Web 2.0
technologies, providing, Ask a Librarian service, FAQs to
search books, E-mail alert service for new arrivals, etc.

39.  There is one librarian and some libraries also
having Library attendant.
Library Catalogue
 A traditional card catalogue and Dewey Decimal system for classification of
the documents is normally used. A majority of the school libraries have no
computers in the libraries although a good number of them have set up the
computer laboratories.
 Some libraries provide OPAC
 Some Libraries also provide open access system to take
books/magazines
Information Literacy
Only Few libraries organize training programs e.g. KV Library,
Pottam

40.  “The government has left the responsibility of school libraries
to the school themselves for providing the resources and
funds to establish well-equipped libraries. Most of the
schools do not have a separate room for the library especially
in government primary schools. Since the school authorities
are not convinced about the appointment of professional staff
for their libraries, they do not appoint professionally trained
staff”.
( Mahajan, P.(2010) School Libraries in India: Present-day Scenario. Library Philosophy and Practice(e-journal).
Retrieved July 22, 2015, from
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1384&context=libphilprac)
Outreach Services
 The students of the primary classes have a library hour on the weekly
basis when they are given storybooks so as to inculcate the reading
habits.

41. Some examples of
School Libraries
In India

42. Library at KV Pattom is
well maintained and
there is full use of Web
2.0 Technologies it
seems to be the
exception in case of
govt. school libraries in
India
E-Book
reading
facility
•Library online
catalogue
•Digital
Repository
•Online subject
directory
Ask librarian
service
Email
allerts
Outreach

43. Library
ResourcesOutrea
ch
Servic
es

44. Library &
Digital Class
Rooms

45. Library
Resources

46. College and
University
Libraries

47.  A library attached or associated with a
university/College and used by students,
teachers, researchers, administrative staff etc.
of the university/College as well as by the
other research workers, alumni outside the
university is known as university library. It is
also known as the heart of university. It works
like an axis of all educational and research
activities in all disciplines.

48. The University/College library system is
divided in two categories for the present study
University/College Library System in Developed
Countries, USA, UK and Europe
University/College Library System in India

49. University or college libraries in developed
countries are highly modernized and advanced.
Most of the University libraries have their own
sophisticated websites to provide more advanced
services as well as resources to their clientele.
The university library system in developed
countries is well planned and maintained.
Collection
 Along with print collection the university
libraries of developed countries have high
range of e-resources, web-resources and
free/open access resources

50.  Along with a central library, generally the
university libraries have different departmental
libraries containing respective resources.
 Research support/tools are available for
researchers
 There is a separate section for differently abled
persons where resources available for these types
of persons such as digital talking books for
blinds, etc.
 Some Libraries have rich collection of Archives,
rare books and manuscripts e.g. Princeton
University Library, USA, Queen Marry University
London, Harvard University Library, USA etc.

51.  Almost all the University libraries open for long
hours. Every library has a map/chart of library
opening hours
 One can find and reserve seats in the reading halls
of the library online. There is a provision to do so
via a link „find a study place in Library along with
the features one want such as shown in fig: on the
library web sites.

52.  Course reserve and find subject librarian service is available in
almost all the libraries. One can seek subject expertise by find the
subject librarian service. The Course Reserves Service handles all
print and electronic materials selected by the faculty and placed on
reserve as required or recommended reading for their courses.
 Lib2.0 tools: Libraries provide virtual reference service, alert services
such as chat with the librarian, email alerts, ask the Librarian, etc.
 Social Media/Networking sites: Libraries have their accounts on
social networking sites such as tweeter, face book, you tube and
education sites such as slide share for promotion, advertising and
sharing purposes
 Patron type services are also provided such as for teachers only,
new students, for students only, etc. as shown in fig:
Patron type
search

53.  Libraries also provide wireless printing facilities,
laptops, pen-drives, computers, and other
required technologies.
 Inter Library Loan: Libraries also provide
interlibrary loan service to their clientele.
 Almost all University Libraries of developed
countries provide remote access/off campus
Access service to electronic documents.
 RFID technology: Libraries providing RFID
technology to their users such as wireless
printing, return of books during closing hours,
reserve places or seats in the reading halls, Pay
fines, renewal, etc.

54.  Mobile Library Services: Libraries, specially of
European University Libraries provide Library
updates on Mobile via mobile app download
e.g. University of Amsterdam, Netherlands,
etc.

55.  All the University Libraries in USA, UK and Europe
are fully automated and digitized as well.
 Libraries provide web catalogue search (web
OPAC)
 Libraries work in the networked environment by
giving access to other libraries‟ resources via
worldcat search, links to other libraries‟ websites
and support Inter Library Loan service
 Some libraries also provide Single Window
Search.

56.  Libraries are having adequate staff to serve their
clientele generally University Librarian is the head
of the University Library but some Libraries such
as MIT Library has Director of Libraries is the
authoritative body under whom all the
departmental head librarians work.
 There are also two or three Deputy Librarians,
Assistant Librarians for each sections,
information scientists, and subject support
librarians.

57.  University Libraries provide links „How to find‟ to
guide students to search resources and some
libraries also offer a service „Have a librarian
come to your class‟ to instruct the students for
library resources and services e.g. Berkeley
Library, University of California, USA.
 Libraries also provide FAQs links on their
websites
Library advocacy, Policies, Rules
 Libraries have clearly and well defined policies
and rules

58.  Outreach is the important service provided by the
academic libraries. Here the link „News and Events‟
click to the extension services of the libraries.
Following services are come under outreach.

59.  Open Access resources or Scholarly publishing
are the buz words today and academic system of
the developed countries strongly support open
access.
 Most of the Universities support open access
movement and having collection of free/open
access e-resources. Some are having institutional
repositories e.g. Dspace@MIT- institutional
repository of MIT, Oxford Institutional Repository
and some provides Open Access Journal System
(OAJS) for scholarly publishing e.g. California
digital library, etc.

60. Some Examples of
University Libraries in
USA

61. Libraries
Links to library
resources and services
Books & E-
Books
Collection
Other
collection
alert services

62. Resources for
disables
Other services
to users

63. Information
Literacy support
services

64. Outreach

65. Organizational Chart
Librarian
Administrat
ive Manager
O
t
h
e
r
S
t
a
f
f
sect
ion
s of
Libr
ary
Groups

67. Main
Collecti
on
Services
Find
Subject
Librarian
Research support
tools
Search
Catalogs
•OASIS
•Worldcat
•HOLLIS+
•Dash
•More…..
Search Various
databases/ E-resources
of the Library

68. Social
networking
of Harvard
Library
Archives and Special
Collection

69. Library
resources

70. Services of MIT LIbraries

72. lib 2.0
services
Library
Resources

73. Remote Access of
Library Resources
Special Service
Course Reserves

74. Collection

75. Some Examples of
University Libraries in UK

76. Using the Library
Links to
library
Resources
Links to other
services/colle
ctions

77. Social
Networking
Patron Type
search
RFID
support

78. Research
support
tools
Rare
collection

80. Library
Catalog/
online
resources
Various links
Social
Networking

82. Oxford Institutional
Repository

83. Outreach

84. Patron Type
search
Library
Resources

85. Some Examples of
University Libraries in
Europe

86. Library
Services/c
ollection
Provision
for mobile
updates
QR code
technology

87. Long term
preservation
and access
facility
Special
service for
students and
staff

88. E-
resources
in the
library
Print
resources

89. Open access
support

90. Description
and link to
library
resources

91. Facilities
/services
/resourc
es

92. Library
on Social
media
Open
access
support
Mobile
app
downloa
d

93. University Library
System in India

94.  The University library system of India not as
strong as those of the developed countries.
 Hardly few libraries has well maintained and
sophisticated websites, e.g. Central Library of
JNU and Allama Iqbal Library, University of
Kashmir
 The Academic Library system in India is still in its
second phase of development, hence large
number of Universities are lagging behind in
providing good services and acquiring adequate
collections due to lack of funds.
 With the efforts of UGC and INFLIBNET,DELNET,
etc the University libraries are now developed to
a great extent, still no comparison with those of
developed countries.

95.  Unlike developed countries India has scarcity of
e-resources & subscribed web resources
although E-journal consortiums, UGC support
and INFLIBNET has raised the status of University
libraries in terms of resources.
 Very few libraries provide Remote Access/Off
Campus access to their clientele, e.g. Jawaharlal
Nehru University Library and Central Library of
Jamia Millia Islamia. Although most of the
university libraries provide Web based OPAC.
 Like the libraries of UK, USA and Europe,
University libraries also contain various
departmental libraries to serve their clientele
having respective collection.

96.  Although the libraries of the institutes of higher learning such as
IIT Delhi, IIT kharagpur, etc. and some research institute libraries
such as CSIR libraries are much advanced in terms of resources
and services.
 Very few academic libraries provide adequate resources and
services to their clientele e.g. DULS, AMU, JMI, JNU, University of
Kashmir.
 Most of the University Libraries in India have handful of
collection but these are lagging behind in the provision of
services to their clientele
 Some University libraries do not have adequate staff to serve
their clientele.
 Almost all the academic libraries in India are getting automated
but a few have digitized collection.
 Now the Digital Library Project by Government of India in
collaboration with C-DAC is in progress covering most of the
libraries having rare collection.

97. “Digital Library is a mission to create a portal for the Digital Library of India which will foster creativity and
free access to all human knowledge. As a first step in realizing this mission, it is proposed to create the
Digital Library with a free-to-read, searchable collection of one million books, predominantly in Indian
languages, available to everyone over the Internet. All the significant literary, artistic, and scientific
works of mankind can be digitally preserved and made freely available, in every corner of the world, for
our education, study, and appreciation for our future generations”.
(Retrieved July 24, 2015, from http://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=mc_hc_digi_lib)
The libraries covered so far are:
 TERI
 ICCR
 IARI
 President House
 BITS Pilani,
 Association of Indian Universities,
 Gurukul Kangari, Haridwar ,
 NCERT ,
 Dayal Singh Library,
 LBS National Academy of Administration,
 ATI, Nainital,
 Delhi University,
 Delhi College of Engineering,
 Indian Council Of medical Research,
 Aligarh Muslim University,
 Jamia Millia Islamia,
 Gujarat Vidyapeeth.......

98.  Some academic libraries in India contain world‟s
best rare book/ manuscripts collection e.g.
Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim
University,Dr. Zakir Hussain Library, Jamia Millia
Islamia,Allama Iqbal Library, University of
Kashmir.
 Hardly any academic library provide Mobile app
services.
 There is a provision of Inter library loan facility
but it is used by rare users.
 Information literacy program/guide to library use
are provided by few libraries e.g. Delhi University
Library System is much strong in this
category,having planned way to train users.

99.  Central library JNU and central library of Coachin
University of Science and Technology are having
sophisticated websites and provision of digital
services using web 2.0 technologies to their
users.Delhi University Library system has the
provision to chat with the librarian.
 Some University libraries has very good research
support tools e.g. JNU, DULS and Coachin University
Science & Technology
 Although most of the libraries support open access.
But few of them having open digital libraries or
Institutional repositories, eg. Social Science cyber
library, AMU, Aligarh, Dyuthi, Institutional repository
of Coachin University of Science and Technology, Al-
Knoor repository of University of Kashmir.
 Most of the libraries have link to free e- resources.

100. Some examples of
University Libraries in
India

101. Library resources
Library 2.0
facilities

102. Various collections and
services
Remote
access

104. Manuscripts/Ra
re collection Other resources
Web OPAC

106. Search the
library
Collection/Se
rvices
Remote
access facility

107. Digital Resource
Centre
Open Access E-
resources
•Manuscripts
•Rare books
Various
Services
Differently Abled
section facility

108. Various
Links
Virtual reference
service (lib 2.0)
Facility for
blind users

109. Collection
of the
Library
Open
Access
Support
Various portals
Links

110. DELHI UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SYSTEM
Libr
ary-
reso
urce
s
Virtual
reference
service (lib
2.0)
Social
media

111. Training program
Various modules

115. DISCUSSION

116.  The overall Academic Library system of USA &
Europe is much much strong.
 The University Library System of UK is highly
maintained but lagging behind with those of USA
and Europe in provision of School library
services. There is no clear picture of school
library resources in UK
 UK and European University Libraries have well-
built support to RFID technologies and open
access.
 USA and European University Libraries has
maintained, well-built, portal like and user
friendly websites in comparison to UK University
libraries.

117.  India is still in its developing phase in
maintaining academic library system.
 But the representation is not so awful.
 Some libraries are providing high-quality services
and resources to their clientele
 Few libraries are using lib 2.0 technologies to
provide virtual reference services to their users.
 Some libraries have well maintained websites and
are equipped with high-quality resources
 But, still there is no comparison with the
academic library system of developed countries.