1. Caridad Zarco Lens
Begoña Becerro Malagon
Belén Gómez-Pamo González-Cela

2. Backgrounds
• The Hundred Year War
• The Commercial Activity
• Bourgeoisie
• Humanism

3. What was happening in the Iberian
Peninsula?
1. Rivalry between Castilla and Aragón.
2. Until the marriage of Fernando of Aragón
and Isabel of Castilla.
3. The king Enrique (Isabel's brother) died.
4. Isabel inherited the crown of Castilla
and Fernando the crown of Aragón.

4. 5. In 1492, last stronghold of the Moors in
the Iberian Peninsula.
6. Fernando imposed a unity of the Catholic
faith.
7. Reorganization and restructured of the
municipalities.
8. Castilla and Aragon was not united under
one crown, in reality it was a mere
personal union.
9. The two crowns remained independent
until the accession of Carlos I, when the
crown of Castilla and Aragon get together
in a single sovereign.

5. Who was the one who found by
chance America during the
Catholic King period?

6. Cristobal Columbus
1. He was born in Senova between August
25 and October 31, 1451.
2. He once was a navigator, a pirate, a
commercial agent and a map draftsman.
3. In 1480 was created the Columbian
project. Support from his marriage to have
men, means, knowledge...

7. WHY COLOMBUS NEVER ARRIVED TO THE
REAL INDIES?
• Columbus said that the world was 30000
km long, 1/4 less than what Alfraganus
calculated.
REASON: He used italica miles.

8. Did you know…?
1. Catholic Kings suspended criminal cases
to the people who were in jail if they were
part of the Columbus crew.
2. Palos was a city that was punished by the
Catholic Kings, so to forgive them they
had to build a boat and to find a crew.

9. THE BIG TRIP
• Watch video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9

13. • After his last trip, he got ill. The day before
his death he made his will where is cited
as admiral, viceroy and governor of Indies
discovered and undiscovered.
• He died on May 20, 1506 in Valladolid.

14. What was in America before
Columbus?

15. • There were many different Native American
tribes and those with similar characteristics
formed a main tribe or nation.
• Each had its own language, religion and
customs.
• For the most part the tribes lived peaceably
believing that nature was sacred and was to
be shared.
• Most of them contained fundamental
conceptions of nature, society, and how
people ought to relate to the world and to one
another.
• The most important and known civilizations
are Aztec, Inca, Maya, Toltec.

16. MAYAN´S CIVILIZATION
1. From 1500 BC to 900 AC. They were
divided in two periods: Pre-Classic &
Classical
2. The Astronomy and arithmetic was very
advanced. They were able to measure the
orbits of celestial bodies.
3. By 750 problem arose and the collapse was
underway.

17. TOLTEC'S CIVILIZATION
1. From 800 to 1100 AC. Their capital was Tula.
2. They were great hunters. Their agriculture
method was terraces.
3. Polytheism religion.
4. Art: pictographic. Calendar according to
stars.
5. Mathematic system was very
developed.

18. AZTEC'S CIVILIZATION
1. From XIIIth to XVIth century. Capital was
Tenochtitlan.
2. Art was an expression of religion and
warfare.
3. Two unique calendar system, a complex
mathematical system and intriguing from of
astronomy.
4. Polytheism religion. Economy
based on commerce.

19. INCA'S CIVILIZATION
1. From the XIIIth to the XVIth century AC.
Cuzco was the most important city.
2. Dictatorial and totalitarian government.
3. Polytheism religion and believed in
reincarnation.
4. Agriculture based on terraces.

20. What was the impact of America in
Spanish Monarchy?
1. New jewelry: precious metals, gold and
silver. This facilitated the development of
trade.
2. New crops: potatoes, cacao, tobacco...
3. They followed the mercantilist ideas.
4. XVIth century, was produced the "Price
Revolution"= inflaction.

21. What was their discovery on the
Americas?
1. Discovered of new sea routes.
2. Discovered of new lands and culture.
3. Imposed of Catholic Religion.

22. What was the impact of Spanish
Monarchy in America?
1. Society: Multiracial World (Criollos,
Mestizos and Mulatos)
2. The economical organization: The house
of engagement, controlled the trade with
America.
3. They brought:
• New crops: olives and sugar cane.
• Cattle: horses, caws.
• Manufacture: slaves.

23. 4. The government and the administration in
the colonial empire:
• Viceroyalty (Virreinatos)
• Governors or General Captaincy
(Gobernaciones o Capitanías Generales)
• Corregimientos
• Court (Audiencias)
5. The disappearance of the old Pre-
colombian cultures.

24. How did the wars of independence
started?

25. 1. Spanish Bourbons had the administrative
control. The Spanish-born replaced the
“criollos” administrators.
2. The influence of the illustration ideas.
3. USA independence and French
revolution.
4. Lack of resources to maintain the empire.

26. • Since the Napoleon's invasion un 1808,
the Criollos formed juntas that advocated
independence.
• The Independence movement inspired
many leaders to start, such as Simón
Bolívar (Venezuela), José de San Martín
(Argentina) and Bernardo O'Higging
(Chile).

27. • Fist independence country, Haiti, 1804.
• The next independence country was
Venezuela and Paraguay.
• The latest countries that gained
their independence from Spain
were Puerto Rico and Cuba.

28. What are the relationships
between Latin America and Spain
currently?

29. DURING THE FRANCO REGIME:
• Started the Hispanic Cultural Institute to
promote cultural relations and cooperation.
RETURN TO DEMOCRACY:
• Creation of Latinoamerican Project, based
on historical ties, modern values and
interest.
• Creation of the Iberoamerican General
Secretariant being headed by Enrique
Iglesias.
• Signed of Treaties of Friendship and
Cooperation.

30. THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETIES:
• Transformation was reflected by the boom
and the rapid increase of immigrants. Both
aspects would become realities to
considerer in its policy of cooperation.
EARLY XXIth CENTURY:
• “Spanish International Cooperation
Agency” that faced a profound reform
implies management autonomy and
improves their capacity.

31. AT PRESENT:
• Four main lines of action:
1. The social cohesion.
2. Capacity building and democratic
governance.
3. Improving socio-economic fabric.
4. Support for indigenous peoples.

33. • In conclusion, the encounter of America had its
positive and negative aspects.
• The positive aspects were that besides the
Spanish Monarchy enriched during that time, also
it contributed to the development of the new
continent. It was confirmed that the world was
round and there was a huge development of
science and culture.
• The negative aspects were that for a period of
time Native Americans were very oppressed and
even some tribes disappeared. Until democracy
came and began to support the tribes and their
culture.