2. CONTENTS..
INTRODUCTION TO 3D PRINTERS
WORKING OF 3D PRINTERS
BIO PRINTERS
APPLICATIONS
NEED OF BIOPRINTERS
FUTURE PROJECTS
LOOPHOLES
CONCLUSION
3. 3-D PRINTER..TRUE ??
Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a process of
making a three-dimensional solid object of virtually
any shape from a digital model.
3D printing is achieved using an additive process,
where successive layers of material are laid down in
different shapes.
The first working 3D printer was created in 1984 by
Chuck Hull of 3D Systems Corp.
6. Part I: The Frame
Part II: The Y-Axis
Part III: The X-Axis
Part IV: The Z-Axis
Part V: The Extruder
Part VI: The Build Platform
Part VII: The Electronics
10. Bioprinter
Yesterday’s Science Fiction is Becoming Today’s Reality in the Medical Field
/
Image still of characters using supposed
“Dermal Regenerator” to heal a cut from an
episode of popular Science Fiction series
“Star Trek”
Photo of Organovo scientist working with the
company’s “NovoGen” bioprinter
11. -Uses common inkjet printer technology to
spray new skin tissue onto burn wounds
instead of grafting skin
-Patient’s own healthy cells used to create
new skin
-Computer uses scanner to create 3D map of
wound
-Printer sprays skin cells directly onto
patient’s wound
-Printer could soon be specially modified to
be mounted above patient’s bed for use in
hospitals
Skin Bioprinter
Plans for a human sized skin printer
Photo of current skin bioprinter model
http://inhabitat.com/skin-cell-spraying-bio-printer-can-heal-burn-victims-in-three-weeks/
http://singularityhub.com/2010/11/04/wake-forest-could-print-you-some-new-skin/
12. Application
-A camera uses a laser to scan the wound,
creating a 3D model
-Skin is made up of different layers which
contain various types of skin cells
-The computer tells the printer which cells to
print where for precise application
Plans for a human sized skin printer
Digital 3D model of wound
Example of laser scanning process
http://inhabitat.com/skin-cell-spraying-bio-printer-can-heal-burn-victims-in-three-weeks/
http://singularityhub.com/2010/11/04/wake-forest-could-print-you-some-new-skin/
http://www.psfk.com/2010/08/future-of-health-bio-medical-printing.html
13. How It Works
-Tissue is printed in alternating layers of
biopaper and bioink
-Gelatin-like biopaper is biodegradable and
mimics a normal cell environment to support
the bioink
-Bioink droplets are made up of the actual
cells, which are printed in specific patterns to
create the intended structure
-Over time the biopaper dissolves and the
individual bioink droplets fuse together to
create new tissue
Digital rendering of bioprinting process at
cellular level with biopaper and bioink
http://forgacslab.missouri.edu/bioprinter.html
http://forgacslab.missouri.edu/bioprinter.html
14.
15. Beyond Skin
-Scientists are working hard to
develop systems to not only print flat
tissue, but also blood vessels and
organs
-The current leaders in the field are
companies Organovo and Invetech,
which have partnered up to produce
the first commercial 3D bioprinter
-Advanced models of the bioprinter
and newly developed systems allow
for more complex and precise printing
methods and possibilities
-Biological material is able to self
organize with use of stem cells
Sample rendering of possible model for 3D bioprinter
http://www.wired.com/rawfile/2010/07/gallery-bio-printing/
16. -The skin bioprinter has already been
successful in treating burns on mice
-The 3D bioprinter is already capable of
growing arteries
-Creators claim that these “printed”
arteries could be used in heart bypass
surgery in as little as 5 years
-More complex organs should be possible
in the next 10 years
-Careful trials already being conducted
over the years
Advancements and Possibilities
Progress comparison of burn healing
rates in mice experiments
Petri dish containing a vein produced by bioprinter
http://singularityhub.com/2010/11/04/wake-forest-could-print-you-some-new-
skin/
http://www.wired.com/rawfile/2010/07/gallery-bio-printing/5/
17. Future Potential
-If successful, could reduce or eliminate need
for donor organs
-Virtually eliminate rejection
-Repair or replace any organ
-May become the newest tool in hospitals
Issues
-Much research and testing still required for human
application
-Many burn victims may not have time to wait for
own cells to be grown
3D bioprinter diagram
http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2029497_2030617_2029812,00.html