This is a talk that I have given at several events in the fall of 2009.

1. Some Cloud Computing Use Cases, An Overview of Some Cloud Computing Standards Organizations, and a Bonus Slide. Robert Grossman blog.rgrossman.com Open Cloud Consortium September 3, 2009 Revised October 9, 2009

2. Outline Some definitions & some high level use cases Some current standards efforts More use cases (community use case document) De Facto Standards

3. If you think of standardization as the best that you know today, but which is to be improved tomorrow; you get somewhere. Henry Ford. Ford assembly plant for Model T at Highland Plant Park around 1915.

4. Sometimes there are reasons for a lack of interoperability… 4 Train gauge in Russia is 1520 mm Train gauge in China is 1435 mm Change of gauge at Ussuriisk (near Vladivostok) at the Chinese –Russian border

5. Cloud 3 Intercloud Cloud 2 Cloud 1 Cloud 2 Cloud Cloud 1 Extended enterprise cloud Standalone cloud enterprise

6. Part 1Some Definitions and Two Use Cases

7. First Two Use Cases Moving an existing cloud application from Cloud 1 to Cloud 2 without changing the application. Providing surge capacity for an application on Cloud 1 using any of the Clouds 2, 3, … (without changing the application). Migrate / port Surge / burst Cloud 2 Cloud 1

8. Portability Cloud 2 Cloud 1 Portability The ease with which a system, component, application or data can be transferred from one hardware or software environment to another.

9. Migration Cloud 2 Cloud 1 Migration Moving a virtual machine (VM) between physical hosts within a network or virtual network with only a very short pause in execution (c. 50 – 500 ms). More generally, moving a VM between clouds with only a very short pause in execution. More generally, moving a virtual application, virtual network, etc. to a different physical infrastructure with only a very short pause in execution.

10. Interoperability Cloud 2 Cloud 1 Interoperability The ability of two or more systems, applications, or components to exchange and use information. The ability of systems to provide and receive services from other systems and to use the services so interchanged to enable them to operate effectively together. Source: Adopted from the Open Group Architecture Framework (www.opengroup.org )

11. Open Systems A system that implements sufficient open specifications for interfaces, services, and supporting formats to enable properly engineered Application Software: To be ported with minimal changes across a wide range of systems To interoperate with other applications on local and remote systems To interact with users in a style that facilitates user portability Source: The Open Group Architecture Framework (www.opengroup.org )

12. NIST Definition Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Source: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html

13. Delivery & Deployment Models Three delivery models: Software as a Service Platform as a Service Infrastructure as a Service Deployment models Public Clouds Private Clouds Community Clouds Hybrid Clouds Source: http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/index.html

15. Cloud Compute Services

16. Data/Table Cloud Services

17. Cloud Storage ServicesInfrastructure as a Service Virtual Data Centers (VDC) Virtual Networks (VN) Virtual Machines (VM)

18. Part 2.There Lots of Cloud Standards

20. Amazon Web Services (AWS) (IaaS)

21. Google App Engine (PaaS)

22. Microsoft Azure Platform (PaaS)

23. Citrix (IaaS)

24. Platform as a Service

25. Cloud Compute Services

26. Data/Table Cloud Services

27. Cloud Storage ServicesLarge Data Cloud Interoperability Framework IF-MAP based dynamic infrastructure service linking IaaS and DaaS SNIA Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) Infrastructure as a Service Virtual Data Centers (VDC) Virtual Networks (VN) Virtual Machines (VM) Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI) Open Virtualization Format (OVF)

28. Source: http://cloud-standards.org

29. Cloud Standards Group (5 of 9) Wiki at cloud-standards.org Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) Portability for virtual machine images Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) Cloud data management interface Open Grid Forum (OGF) Provisioning and monitoring of IaaS Open Cloud Consortium (OCC) Large data clouds, information sharing between clouds Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) Best practices for providing security within a cloud Source: http://cloud-standards.org

30. Good (Partial) Summary of Efforts Presentations available from NIST, DMTF, SNIA, OGF, OCC, and others athttp://www.omg.org/news/meetings/GOV-WS/css/css.htm

31. Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) Over 20 vendors including: Citrix, Dell, HP, IBM, Microsoft & VMware Virtualization Management (VMAN) Forum Their multi-vendor Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is the leading standard for portable virtual machines. They have an incubator for cloud www.dmtf.org

32. DMTF Life Cycle Management for VMs Source: DMTF Standards; A Building Block for Cloud Interoperability, Winston Bumpus President, DMTF.

33. Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) 40+ active members Working on Cloud Data Management Interface Targeted at ANSI and ISO certification Starting up a Cloud Storage Initiative There is a draft of SNIA Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) with reference implementation due at end of CY09 Public web page http://snia.org/cloud

34. SNIA Cloud Storage Containers Cloud storage container is one of their key abstractions Data Storage Interface (DSI_ protocols include: WebDAV, NFS, CIFS, iSCSI, OSD Management interfaces include proprietary, Web UI, SMI-S Source: SNIA Cloud Storage presentation at Cloud Computing Summit OMG Standards in Government and NGO Workshop

35. Open Grid Forum (OGF) Open Grid Forum is leading organization creating grid standards with many members. Many of their standards are oriented towards universities and scientific applications. Focus is on Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) API. Goal is creation of simple RESTfull API with approximately 15 commands. Four providers and two projects to implement proposed standard. http://www.occi-wg.org

36. OCCI Feature Matrix Very nice feature matrix of 17 features and 11 vendors

37. OGF Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI) Goal is to create RESTfull interfaces for managing IaaS. Source: Craig A. Lee, The Open Cloud Computing Interface for Interoperability Across Clouds, July 13, 2009

38. Open Cloud Consortium (OCC) 501(3)(c) Not-for-profit with over 12 members, including companies, universities, FFRDCs & open source projects. One focus area is on large data cloud services. Another focus is on bridging IaaS and PaaS standards. Operates wide area cloud testbed called the Open Cloud Testbed. Developed a benchmark for large data clouds called MalStone. www.opencloudconsortium.org

39. OCC Large Data Cloud Interoperability large data cloud services App App App App App Cloud Data Services (BigTable, etc.) Quasi-relational Data Services App App OCC is releasing open source reference implementations for interoperability of large data cloud storage and compute services. Cloud Compute Services (MapReduce & Generalizations) App App Cloud Storage Services

40. Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) 20 Corporate members. CSA is an industry advocacy group, not a standards organization. Deliverables are white papers describing best practices and recommendations for secure clouds. www.cloudsecurityalliance.org

41. CSA White Paper Source: www.cloudsecurityalliance.org

42. Part 3. Some Additional Use Cases

43. InterCloud Naming Use Case How do we name virtual machines (VM), virtual networks (VN), and virtual data centers (VDC) so that they can be accessed between clouds? Cloud 2 … Cloud n Cloud 1 Source: Abstracted from some of the discussions at the First Infrastructure 2.0 Working Group Meeting.

44. Large Data Cloud Use Cases Moving a large data cloud application from one large data cloud storage service to another. Moving a large data cloud application from one large data cloud compute service to another. App 1 App 2 Large Data Cloud Compute Services Large Data Cloud Storage Services

45. Inter-Cloud Information Sharing Use Case How do we share information between two clouds with security and compliance requirements (e.g. HIPAA). Cloud 2 Cloud 1

46. Cloud Computing Use Case White Paper cloud enterprise Source: http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing-use-cases

47. Additional Cloud Use Cases cloud 1 cloud 2 enterprise Source: http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing-use-cases

48. Requirements Mapped to Use Cases Source: http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing-use-cases

49. Requirements Mapped to Use Cases Source: http://groups.google.com/group/cloud-computing-use-cases

50. Part 4De Facto Standards

51. Some of the De Facto Standards…

52. Mindmeister Map of Cloud Computing Dupont’sMindmeister Map divides the industry: IaaS, PaaS, Management, Community http://www.mindmeister.com/maps/show_public/15936058 41

53. For More Information Please see blog.rgrossman.com