2. Organic Chemistry
- is the study of compounds that contain
carbon.
There are lots of them.
90% + of known compounds are Organic
Why?
Because carbon forms chains
9. Homologous series
A group of compounds in which there is a
constant increment of change in molecular
structure from one compound in the series
to the next.
The alkanes differ by one CH2 group each
time
CnH2n+2
10. Types of formulas
Molecular formula – C4H10
Complete structural formula
Condensed structural formula – C – H
bonds are understood.
Condensed structural formula – C-H and
C-C bonds understood
Carbon skeleton; hydrogens understood
11. Draw a complete structural formula for the
straight-chained alkane having 3 carbons
12. Branched-chain Alkanes
Substituent – an atom or group of atoms
that can take the place of a hydrogen atom
on a parent hydrocarbon molecule.
Parent chain – the longest carbon chain.
May not always be written in a straight line on
paper.
13.
14.
15. Alkyl group – a hydrocarbon substituent
CH3 – methyl
CH3CH2 – ethyl
CH3CH2CH2 – propyl
Alkyl group = alkane – 1 H
Name = -ane + yl
What would CH3CH2CH2 CH2be called?
17. Naming a branched-chain alkane
1. Find the longest chain of carbons. This
is the parent chain
2. # the carbons on the parent chain.
Starting with the end that will give the
substituents the smallest numbers
3. Add #s to the names of the substituent
groups to identify their positions on the
chain.
18. 4. Use prefixes to indicate if a group appears
more than once.
Di – 2
Tri – 3
Tetra – 4
Penta – 5
5. List the names of the alkyl substituents in
alphabetical order (ignore prefixes when
alphabetizing.)
6. Use proper punctuation
Commas separate #s from #s
Hyphens separate #s from words
19.
20.
21. Properties of alkanes
Nonpolar – electrons are shared about
equally
Very weak van der Walls forces
(dispersion)
Have a low mass, low boiling point
Do not dissolve in water.
Flammable