10. 5. Abundant deposits of coal which
are easily mined and transported.
Coal provides three
times more energy than
wood.
Coal kick-started a
revolution in XIII
century Britain, a
revolution which
transformed not only the
country but the world
itself.
11. 6. In Britain the mines were near the
sea, so ships could carry coal cheaply to
the most important market, London.
13. 7. The demand for coal became larger,
but the deeper the miners went the
more water there was underground, so
it was necessary to pump water out of
the mine.
14. 8. Initially people used horse-driven
pumps, but they needed a more
effective way to draw water from much
deeper.
15. 9. In 1712 Thomas Newcomen invented
the atmospheric engine . It worked by
creating a partial vacuum by
condensing steam under a piston
within a cylinder.
16. 10. James Watt developed (1763–75) an
improved version of Newcomen's
engine, with a separate condenser.
Boulton and Watt’s early machines
used less coal than Newcomen's
Coal mines in the IR: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/coal_mines_industrial_revolution.htm
The first commercially successful true engine was the atmospheric engine , invented by Thomas Newcomen around 1712
James Watt developed (1763–75) an improved version of Newcomen's engine, with a separate condenser . Boulton and Watt's early engines used half as much coal as John Smeaton 's improved version of Newcomen's. [18]