From Open Source to Open API with Restlet

FROM OPEN SOURCE TO OPEN APIS WITH RESTLET
JavaZone – September 13th, 2012

Copyright Restlet SAS – All rights reserved
SPEAKER
Thierry Boileau
– PolyTech’Montpellier engineer
– 14 years of experience in IT service industry and software
– Co-founder & community manager at Restlet SAS
– Co-author of « Restlet in Action » (Manning, Sept. 2012)
Contact:
– tboileau@restlet.com
– Blog : blog.restlet.com

ABSTRACT
1. Are Open APIs more important than
Open Source? (20 mn)
2. Web APIs, ecosystem and key actors (10 mn)
3. Restlet Framework 2.1 and roadmap (20 mn)
4. APISpark, all-in-one PaaS for Web APIs (5 mn)

ARE OPEN APIS MORE IMPORTANT
THAN OPEN SOURCE ?
Part 1/4

NUMBER OF PUBLIC APIS
A STEEP INCREASE !
Source: ProgrammableWeb

WHAT ABOUT PRIVATE APIS?

NUMBER OF WEB SITES
LET’S COMPARE AND DREAM !
Source: NetCraft / Jacob Nielsen

REST AT THE FOUNDATION OF WEB APIS
NOT FULLY EXPLOITED
• REST is often thought as non-SOAP…
• But hypermedia is hardly exploited…
• AtomPub is more or less the most RESTful API today
• REST is not crucial to make your API a success
• REST as a guide for higher quality APIs, and standardization

LET’S CONSUME OPEN APIS
• Enrich a web site (mashups, blogs/tweets streams,
Google Maps)
• Export/import SaaS (free data, change provider)
• SaaS integration (notify/web hooks,
automate/workflow)
• Composite APIs (combine several APIs in one
another)

A WEB API EXPOSES…
• Mobile backend (connected, native, HTML5 apps)
• SaaS backend (HTML5/AJAX, developer/partner
API)
• Open data backend (multi-formats, developer API,
big data)
• Internet of Things (M2M, RFID, geo-localization)

OPEN SOURCE IMPACT
• Cost reduction (licences)
• Innovation ecosystem (software)
2000 2005

FROM THE OPEN SOURCE TO THE OPEN APIS
• Cost reduction (cloud computing)
• Cross-canal access (mobility, convergence)
2005 2010

IMPACT OF THE OPEN APIS
• Cost reduction (composition of web APIs, open and private, time reduction)
• Innovation ecosystem (Web APIs markets, new chains of value)
2015
2020

INSIDE AN API
• Standard Web API contract (ease concurrency)
• Sample contracts (Atom/AtomPub, AWS S3, CDMI, etc.)
Contract
Provider
#1
Provider
#2
API
#1
API
#2

WEB APIS ECOSYSTEM, KEY ACTORS
Part 2/4

TWITTER AND THE WEB APIS

TWILIO : THE WEB API IS THE PRODUCT

GOOGLE MAPS IMAGE API
http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?
center=Brooklyn+Bridge,New+York,NY&
zoom=14&
size=512x512&
maptype=roadmap&
markers=color:blue%7Clabel:S%7C40.702147,-
74.015794&
markers=color:green%7Clabel:G%7C40.711614,-
74.012318&
markers=color:red%7Ccolor:red%7C
label:C%7C40.718217,-73.998284&
sensor=false
• « image/png » representation of the map resource
• A REST resource can expose binary representations

AMAZON WEB SERVICES AND WEB APIS
• « exotic » authentication
• Non RESTful API
• But AWS is a reference in the cloud!

NEW ACTORS
• RESTful frameworks
• Doc generation
• NIO/HTTP frameworks
• Backend as a Service
• Mobile apps
• SaaS & Rich web sites
• Open Data
• Internet of Things
• Security
• Analytics
• Client SDKs
• Community management
• Catalog
• Monetization
• Promotion
• Referencing
• Oracle Jersey
• JBoss RESTEasy
• XINS, Swagger
• Enunciate
• Restlet Framework
• StackMob
• Parse.com
• Sencha.io
• FireBase
• APISpark
• Apigee
• Mashery
• 3Scale
• WebServius
• APISpark
• Programmable Web
• Mashape
• Alcatel Open API
Platform
• The easy API
• APISpark
Dedicated
frameworks
Creation
and hosting
Manage
Market
places

RESTLET FRAMEWORK 2.1 AND ROADMAP
Part 3/4

RESTLET FRAMEWORK
OPEN SOURCE PROJECT CREATED IN 2005
A N D R O I D G A E G W T J A V A E EJ A V A S E
Java Language
O S G I
Framework to expose and consume
RESTful web APIs

SOME REFERENCES
THOUSAND OF USERS, BIG AND SMALL

ARCHITECTURE
ONE JAVA API, ONE ENGINE, 37 EXTENSIONS!

MULTI-PROTOCOLS
BUT, CENTERED ON HTTP!

MULTI-CLOUD
INCREASE THE PORTABILITY OF YOUR WEB APIS AND APPLICATIONS

SUPPORT OF GOOGLE SDC
SECURE ACCESS TO YOUR INTRANET FROM THE PUBLIC CLOUD

MULTI-ECOSYSTEM
DEEPLY ROOTED IN JAVA

MULTI DISTRIBUTION

REST: A PARADIGM

COMPETITION 1/2
SEVERAL VISIONS OF THE WEB…
HTTP toolkits
WS-*
frameworks
OO web
frameworks
MVC web
frameworks
RESTful web
framework
Wicket, Tapestry
Axis, CXF, XINS
Spring MVC, Play!
Servlet, Apache HTTP Client, Netty, etc.

COMPETITION 2/2
USE THE RIGHT PARADIGM !
Focus JAX-RS Focus MVCFocus RPC

RESTLET API VS JAX-RS API
Part 2-1/4

RESTLET API PACKAGES
COMPLETE CORE AND STILL COMPACT
org.restlet.data
org.restlet.representation
org.restlet
org.restlet.resource
org.restlet.routing
org.restlet.security
org.restlet.service
org.restlet.util

Copyright Restlet SAS – Tous droits réservés
COMPLETE JAVA API
USABLE AS A LIBRARY OR AS A FRAMEWORK

FILTER AND ROUTING
MULTI-THREADED AND DYNAMIC
Next Restlet
Filter
B
C
A
Router
B
C
A
Route 1
Route 2
Route 3
A
B
C

ANNOTATED INTERFACES
UNIFY BOTH CLIENT AND SERVER CODE
public interface RootResource {
@Get("txt")
public String represent();
}
public interface AccountsResource {
@Get("txt|json|xml")
@Post("txt")
public String add(String account);
}
public interface AccountResource {
@Get("txt?depth={level}")
@Put(“form:txt")
public void store(String account);
@Delete
public void remove();
}

CONVERSION SERVICE
EXTENSIBLE, SCORING, REPRESENTATION BEANS
Resource
XML
HTML
JSON
State
Representation
bean
Form Data
RDF
…
Atom
Converter
service

CLIENT AND SERVEUR
MULTI-LEVEL API

RESTLET API 2.1 VS JAX-RS 2.0

COMPARING JAVA APIS 1/2
Feature Restlet API 2.1 JAX-RS API 2.0
Java API style Centered on
Resource and
based on
inheritance
Centered on POJO
and annotations
Number of annotations 5 24
Supported HTTP headers 50 26
Minimum version Java SE 5.0 Java SE 6.0
Alignment on HTTP and REST Complete, almost Partial
Security Yes No
Routing (filters and routers) Yes Limited
Components and connectors Yes No
Static files Yes No

COMPARING JAVA APIS 2/2
Characteristic API Restlet 2.1 API JAX-RS 2.0
Reverse proxy Yes No
Asynchronous representations Yes No
Streaming HTTP Complete Limited
Réponses provisionnelles Yes No
JCP standard No Yes
Ecosystem Open (Google, AWS,
Oracle, IBM, MS, etc.)
JCP (Oracle, RedHat,
OW2, etc.)
Age 7 years 5 years
Innovation Quick Slower

DIFFERENT CODING STYLES 1/2
SHOW ME THE CODE!
JAX-RS API 2.0
// Get instance of Client
Client client =
ClientFactory.newClient();
// Get account balance
String bal =
client.target("http://.../atm/{cardI
d}/balance")
.pathParam("cardId", "112233")
.queryParam("pin", "9876")
.request("text/plain").get(String.cl
ass);
Restlet API 2.1
// Get instance of Client
ClientResource client = new
ClientResource(""http://.../atm/{cardId}
/balance");
// Get account balance
client.setPathValue("cardId", "112233");
client.setQueryValue("pin", "9876");
client.accept(MediaType.TXT_PLAIN);
String bal = client.get(String.class);

DIFFERENT CODING STYLES 2/2
SHOW ME THE CODE!
JAX-RS API 2.0
@POST
@Path(“withdrawal")
@Consumes("text/plain")
@Produces("application/json")
public Money withdraw(
@PathParam("card") String card,
@QueryParam("pin") String pin,
String amount){
return getMoney(card,
pin, amount);
}
Restlet API 2.1
@Post(“txt:json”)
public Money withdraw(){
String card = getPathValue(“card”);
String pin = getQueryValue(“pin”);
String amount = getQueryValue(“amount”);
return getMoney(card, pin, amount);
}

RESTLET FRAMEWORK 2.1 (1/2)
2 YEARS OF WORK !
• Incremental enhancement on the Restlet API
– Syntax sugar (getQuery, getPath, etc.)
– Enhanced annotations. Example: @Get("form|xml:json?level=2")
– Easy logging of individual requests
– Client-side ConnegService, DecoderService
– Manage lack of chunk encoding on client side for the GAE platform
– EMF extension (XMI/XML converter), HTML (multi-part upload)
• Enhanced security APIs
– Support of AWS S3, AWS Query, Cookie and GAE schemes
– Support of Google Secure Data Connector (SDC) outside GAE
– New OAuth 2.0 and OpenID 2.0 extensions (draft specs)
• New internal HTTP connector
– Non blocking NIO design, few threads
– Zero dependency, centered HTTP/Restlet, asynchronous representation read
– extensible (SIP extension)

RELEASED IN SEPTEMBER 2012
• « Restlet in Action » book
– Paper version synchronised with version 2.1.0
• Option « Apache Public License 2.0 »
– In addition to EPL 1.0, LGPL 2.1/3.0 et CDDL 1.0
– Commerciales licences available if necessary
• Migration to GitHub
– SVN history with branches imported
– Import of Tigris.org issues
– Increased the number of contributions !

LISTEN TO THE COMMUNITY
• Migration to Google Groups
– Discussion lists for users and developers still on
Tigris.org
• Migration to StackOverflow
– Already used for simple questions and bugs
– Increase the quality of exchanges on the list
• Migration to Java SE 6
– Java SE 5 supported since Restlet Framework 1.0 !
– Reduce the size of the code (ex: service pattern)

INCREMENTAL ENHANCEMENT
• Incremental enhancement
– Optimize the size of Android and GWT editions
– CacheService : extensible and generic
– OSGi edition : fully dynamic management
– Injection : Guice, Spring (enhancement)
• Native JavaScript port
– Same abstraction level as Java
– Client side (browser/XHR and Node.JS)
– Server side (Node.JS)
– Prototype already available!

FROM A FRAMEWORK TO A PLATFORM
APISpark
Closed source
Open source
APIsweb
simples
Cloud
Sophisticated
Web APIs
Clients usages
Apps
Framework
Forge
Studio
Restlet Platform
Export

MAIN DIRECTIONS
• Web site : new design and tutorial
• Restlet Studio : IDE based on Eclipse 4.0
• Restlet Apps : Search application
• Internal connector
– Unify client and server runtime
– Unique threads pool (via TaskService)
– SPDY support (on NIO)
• Internal converter
– Support of multi-formats (XML, JSON, RDF, Form, CSV, etc.)
– Support of hyperlinks and HTTP metadata
• New Port : Google Dart
• Support HTML 5 : Server-Sent Events, Cross-Origin policies

APISPARK, RESTLET AS A SERVICE
Partie 4/4

OFFER PRESENTATION 1/2
All-in-one platform for Web APIs
• Create your Web API quickly
– 5 minutes scenario based on existing API template (e.g. blog API)
– Few hours scenario from scratch or by customizing an existing API template
(from the APIs catalog)
– Open source foundation (Restlet Framework) , the full code can be exported
• Integrated hosting
– Scalable and reactive backend (low latency, integrated management)
– Permanent availability 4/24h et 7/7d (no maintenance window) and
securized (SSL confidentiality, precise management of autorisations)
• Automatic releasing
– Manage several versions of your APIs at the same time at the same cost
– Free to update your APIs with no impact on current users
– Simple and clear lifecycle (draft, published, deprecated, archived, removed)

All-in-one platform for Web APIs
• Automatic documentation
– Always up-to-date
– Test your API live on the Net
– Easy export in PDF and HTML
• Clients kits generation
– Ease the use of your API
– Support of most popular platforms (iPhone/iPad, Android, Java, .NET, PHP,
Python)
• Community management
– Manage the users and their signins
– Private or public communities
– Send publics announcements or private messages
– Integration with social networks
OFFRE PRESENTATION 2/2

1. Backends for connected Mobile applications
– native or HTML 5
2. Backend for SaaS solution
– HTML 5/AJAX, API developer/partner
3. Backend for connected objects
– Perso or Pro, M2M, RFID, GPS, 3G, geoloc.
4. Backend for Open Data
– Multi-formats, API developer, Big Data
USE CASES

CATALOG OF APIS

DESIGN YOUR WEB API

ANALYTICS

• Private Beta : April 2012
• Public Beta : October 2012
• Version 1.0 : Last quarter 2012
• Join-us !
http://apispark.com
ROADMAP

CONCLUSION
WHY RESTLET ?
• Learning REST and HTTP is a long term investment
– it takes time, as for object-oriented
– first benefits easy to obtain
– be pragmatic for the rest
• Web APIs give opportunities
– exposition (server side) & consuming (client side)
– APIs mashups, cloud workflows
• Restlet Framework
– Powerful open source solution
• APISpark
– Simple, all-in-one on-line solution

From Open Source to Open API with Restlet

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