Ponència de Gisela Sommer de l'Agència de Residus de Catalunya Presentada a European Academy for Taxes, Economics and Law

1. Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal
Solid Wastes
Gisela Sommer
Waste Management Technician
Waste Agency of Catalonia, Spain

2. 223/10/2014

3. 3
Objectives and Targets:
EU
• Art 11:
 Separate collection of at least paper, metals, plastic, glass
implemented in 2015
 Preparation for reuse and recycling of the above mentioned
materials increased to 50% in weight in 2020
• Art 22:
 Member States have to promote separate collection of bio-
waste and its recovery
Picture source: http://www.eniscuola.net/en/sustainability/contenuti/waste/left/the-waste-
cycle/separate-collection/
Framework Directive 2008/98/EC
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

4. 4
PRECAT 20:
Objectives and Targets:
Catalonia
• Quantitative targets:
 Separate collection: 60% of all municipal waste generated in
2020
 Preparation for reuse and recycling: 55% in weight of glass,
paper, metall, plastic, biowaste and other recyclables in 2020
• Qualitative targets:
 Biowaste: contaminant materials < 10 % in 2020
 Mixed packaging waste: contaminant materials < 25 % in 2016
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

5. 5
External Factors conditioning collection:
Territory and Population
23/10/2014 5
Population Surface Density Municipalities
Inhabitants km2
inhab/km2
No.
Catalonia 7.553.650 32.106 235 947
Metropolitan Area 3.228.569 636 5.076 36
Barcelona 1.611.822 101 15.959 1
Catalonia
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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External Factors:
Topography and Type of Settlements
623/10/2014 Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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External Factors:
Topography and Type of Settlements
723/10/2014 Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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External Factors:
Urban Structure and Housing
823/10/201404/05/2015 8Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

9. 9923/10/201404/05/2015 9Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes
External Factors:
Climate

10. 101023/10/201404/05/2015 10Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes
External Factors:
Tourism

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23/10/2014
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes
External Factors:
Tourism

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External Factors:
Administrational Organisation
12
947 Municipalities
Authorities responsible
for MSW collection
May delegate obligations to
 Consortia
 Consells Comarcals (County Councils)
 Associations of municipalities
 Etc.
23/10/2014 Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Catalonia:
Municipal Waste Composition
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Separate collection of:
 Light packaging
 Glass
 Paper&cardboard
 Organic Fraction (biowaste)
 Biological Treatment
 Rest Fraction (mixed residual waste)
 Mechanical Biological Treatment
 Landfill
 Incineration
Analysis 2013
23/10/2014 Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Catalonia:
Municipal Waste Generation
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Collection of wastes subject to
Extended Producer‘s Responsibility
(EPR)
Packaging waste
 In collaboration with municipal collection service
WEEE
Batteries
Medicines
Tyres
Mineral oils
Collection partly through 338 Civic
Amenity Sites run by local authorities,
retailers, pharmacies, car repair shops
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Collection by or on behalf of the
local authorities
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Bring Systems:
Bring banks
Underground Containers
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes
In public areas

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Established by municipalities in their ordinances
Most common features:
daily
On an established
day of the month
when full
Collection frequency
Collection by or on behalf of the
local authorities
Bring Systems:

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Collection schedules
Established by municipalities in their ordinances
Most common features:
At night During the day
To avoid traffic
disturbance
To reduce noise
disturbance
Collection by or on behalf of the
local authorities
Bring Systems:
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Collection by or on behalf of the
local authorities
Bring Systems
Pneumatic collection
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Collection by or on behalf of the
local authorities
Bring Systems
04/05/2015 20
346
Drive-in
Sites
470 Civic Amenity Sites (CAS)
41 Green points
in neighbourhoods
83 Mobile
CAS
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

21. Citizens deposit separated
wastes at their door step
Collection by or on behalf of the
local authorities
Fetch System: Door-to-Door Collection
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Collection by or on behalf of the
local authorities
Door-to-Door Collection Schemes
04/05/2015 22
Strategic Fractions
Complementary
collection
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Fraction Collection of
domestic and
commercial waste
Additional
collection of
commercial waste
Biowaste 3 – 4 / week 1 / week
Mixed residual waste 1 – 2 / week 1 / week
Paper 1 / week 1 / week
Mixed Packaging 2 / week
Glass 1 / week
Multiproduct
(paper + mixed packaging)
2 / week
Residu Mínim
(mixed pack. + residual w.)
2 / week
Green waste 1 – 2 / month
Cooking oils 1 / month
Bulky waste 1 – 2 / month
Collection frequency
Collection by or on behalf of the
local authorities
Door-to-Door
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

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Example: 5 Fractiones D-t-D
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes

25. 25Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes
Door-to-Door Collection
Municipal ordinances
Separation at source obligatory
Circuits and timetables
Collection fees
Commercial Waste
Collection by or on behalf of the
local authorities

26. 26Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes
Home and Community Composting
2013
428 Municipalities
5.800 t of Biowaste treated
in Individual Composters
and Community Composters

27. 27Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes
New Challenges
Economic Situation causes
• Scavenging of paper and metal
• Break ins in Civic Amenity Sites
• Canibalization of WEEE

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Catalonia:
Separate Collection 2013
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Total MSW amount 2013:
2.226.819 t373.828 t 262.427 t 158.240 t 127.574 t
3.588.635 t
23/10/2014
10,6% 7,3% 4,4% 3,6% 12,1% 62,1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Separately collected Residual waste
Efficient Collection Systems for Municipal Solid Wastes
New target [PRECAT20]
in 2020
475 kg/inh./y
49,5
kg/inh./y
34,7
kg/inh./y
21,0
kg/inh./y
16,9
kg/inh./y
294,8
kg/inh./y
Civic Amenity
Site

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Catalonia‘s 41 Counties:
MSW Generation and Separate
Collection 2013: kg/inh/y
Tourism

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Catalonia‘s 41 Counties:
Separate Collection 2013: in %
Door-to-Door
collection widely
extended

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Catalonia‘s 41 Counties:
Separate Collection 2013: Biowaste,
paper, glass and packaging (kg/inh./y)

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Catalonia‘s 41 Counties:
Gross and Nett Separate Collection
2013: in %
Counties with
Door-to-Door
Collection

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External Factors
 Climate
 Territory
 Urban structure
 Social structure
 Economic situation
 Etc.
Conclusions:
Waste related factors
 Waste composition
 Competences with respect to MSW
 Existence of legal instruments
 Existence of financial instruments
 Existence of EPR schemes
 Etc.
MSW Collection depends on
Efficient MSW Collection should combine several
systems

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Door-to-Door Collection
More information
ASSOCIATION OF CATALAN MUNICIPALITIES FOR DOOR-TO-DOOR COLLECTION
Handbook about door to door selective waste collection in spanish language
Report: Economic balance of door-to-door and road containers waste collection for
local authorities and proposals for its optimisation
Videos: Door-to-Door Selective Collection (4 min.)
Door-to-Door Selective Collection and waste prevention (14 min.)
Door-to-Door Selective collection (en Catalán, 9 min.)
Separate Collection of MSW in Catalonia
MSW Statistics in Catalonia

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