Mammary glands power point by Dr. Rekha Pathak senior scientist IVRI
1. Mammary
glands surgery
The mammary glands
MG – Modified skin glands –female functional
•Glandular tissue – divided into 2 main halves
•separated by a complete septum.
•The suspensory apparatus and blood and nerve
supply – independent of each other.
7. Anatomy
So one half can be easily removed in diseased
condition without affecting the other.
Each half---------- Cranial quarter
---------- Caudal quarter
8. Anatomy of mammary glands
2 quarters of each half- independent glandular
tissue but common blood and nerve supply and
lymph drainage.( B.S.-ext. pudic and perineal)-
inguinal nerve
9. Structure of MG
From outside to inside
– teat consist of
1.Skin(E,D)
2.Muscular layer-M-
(outer longitudinal and
inner circular which
extends distally –
spincter of the teat
canal-S.)
10. 3. fibrous layer-
binding layer for
muscle with mucosa.-
C
4. mucus mem-
longitudinal and
transverse folds-
intersect – form
pockets or recess-Mc
Bacteria resides
12. At distal- mucosa-rose flower like folds pattern- rosette of
Furstenberg.----- R
Duct system – 2 parts
1.teat sinus/cistern
2. streak canal.(pappilary duct)
13. Structure of MG
Teat cistern – separated
from gland
cistern – annular fold-A
Ventrally the rostte of
Furstenberg
separates teat cistern
from the streak canal.
Closing mechanism –
rostte of Furstenberg-
sphincter muscle-
prevents milk leakage
and entry of microbes.
14. Anaesthesia
Surgery of MG- ring block- 10-12 ml lignocaine
2%
Posterior epidural block.
Spinal anaesthetics
15.
16. Supernumery teats
Supernumery teats – teats in between normal
teats
Removed for – cosmetic- interfere with
milking procedure.
- unfit character for breeding
2 elliptical incisions- close with non-absorbable.
FUSED TEATS- skin are fused- without
involving teat canal or muscles.
Divided surgically and cutaneous wound
sutured
17. Teat laceration
Teat lacerations
Higher in
goats(pendulous
udder and long
teats)
Etio-Direct injury
Superficial wounds –
general principles
18. Teat laceration
Large wounds – involving skin and
muscularis but not mucosa. suture
Deep lacerations – involve mucosa,
a complete longitudinal tearing.
19. Teat laceration
Ring block – tourniquet –
check haemorhage and
milk inflow into cistern.
Teat siphon inserted –
debridement is properly
done
Close the mucosa –
simple continuous-
atraumatic needle.
Finally skin
20. Teat lacerations
Check leakage to
ensure a proper
sealing –fistula may
form later.
Antibiotic preparation
into teat.
Polyethy- catheter –
mastitis.
21.
22. Teat Fistula
Teat cistern and teat
surface- milk flows in
lactating animals.
Aquired and rarely
congenital.
Best treated during
dry period.
23. Teat Fistula
If very small- mild chemical cauterization.
If large- reconstructive surgery. If inflamed
delay the operation since chance of
recurrence.
Repair-2 elliptical incisions – debridement
and undermining- close.
25. LACTOLITHS:
LACTOLITHS:
Teat cistern liths due to mineral deposits.
Concretions and rarely as organized
calculi.- obstruction to milking. Lodged at
teat orifice.
If small removed by teat orifice by milking.
Mosquito forceps if large.or use teat
bistoury to slit the contracted sphincter.
26. Polyp
Polyp:
Pea sized growth- attached to wall of teat
cistern-clamped and removed by alligator
forceps.
27. Teat spider :(memberanous obstruction)
Congenital Aquired
Teat spider : Improper Injury,
(memberanous
development tumour or
obstruction)
of teat infection
Congenital or
aquired Milk pocket present
usually not
Symptom: present
Obstruction to milk Treatment Rewarding
flow not and
rewarding prognosis is
good
28. Teat spider :(memberanous
obstruction)
Milk pocket-fluctuating milk above the
obstruction.
In congenital- milk pocket is absent.
Treatment is not rewarding. If the milk
pocket is palpated prognosis is good.
Hudson ‘s teat spiral is introduced with 3-4
revolutions.
Milk also prevents the stricture
formation.do not milk it completely.