1. Cellular Transport
Ch2.3 p.60-66

2. Vocabulary
• Passive transport
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Facilitated diffusion
• Active Transport
• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis

3. Outline
• Passive Transport
– Channel Proteins
– Carrier Proteins
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Active Transport
• Endocytosis and Exocytosis
• Cell Size and Transport

4. Transport
• Materials need to move in and out of a cell
• Pass through cell membrane
• Substance concentration is important

5. Diffusion
• Concentration = Amount of a substance in
a given volume

6. Diffusion
• Diffusion = Movement from high
concentration to low concentration

7. Passive (Diffusion) Transport

9. Osmosis
• Like diffusion
• Solute (dissolved
material) doesn’t
move
• Water molecules
move

10. Facilitated Diffusion
• Uses transport proteins
• High to low concentration
• No energy

11. Facilitated Diffusion
• Two types of transport proteins
– Channel proteins
– Carrier proteins

12. Check it Out
• http://biomanbio.com/GamesandLabs/Cell
games/celldefense.html

13. Active Transport
• Against concentration gradient
– Low concentration to high concentration
• Uses energy (ATP)

14. Endocytosis
• Takes in substances wrapped in a
membrane
• Forms a vesicle
• Large objects (bacteria and viruses)

15. Exocytosis
• Objects in a cell’s vesicle are released
outside the cell
– Membrane-bound inside the cell
• Molecules made in cell (proteins)

17. Cell Size and Surface Area
• Read p65
• Movement of substances in and out of the
cell is important for survival
• Cell membrane size needs to be large
compared to the volume
– Cell membrane size = surface area
– Cell’s volume = space inside the cell

18. Cell Size and Transport

19. Cell Size and Transport

20. Cells and Energy
Ch2.4 p.68-73

21. Vocabulary
• Cellular respiration
• Glycolysis
• Fermentation
• Photosynthesis

22. Outline
• Cellular respiration
– Reactions in the cytoplasm
– Reactions in the mitochondria
• Fermentation
– Lactic-Acid Fermentation
– Alcohol Fermentation
• Photosynthesis
– Lights and Pigments
– Reactions is Chloroplasts
– Importance

23. Cellular Respiration
• Series of chemical reactions
• Converts food molecules into energy
(ATP)
• In cytoplasm and mitochondria

25. Glycolysis
• In cytoplasm
• Glucose, a simple sugar, is taken into the
cell
• Glucose and energy undergo a chemical
reaction
• First step in cellular respiration
• Glucose + ATP  smaller molecules +
ATP

26. Step 1: Glycolysis

27. Step 2: Cellular Respiration
• After glycolysis
• In mitochondria
• Small molecules and oxygen are taken
into mitochondria
• ATP, water and carbon dioxide are
released

28. Draw Fig16 p70

30. Fermentation
• No oxygen used
• Get ATP (energy) from food
• Makes less ATP than respiration
• In Cytoplasm
• 2 Types
– Lactic Acid
– Alcohol

31. Lactic-Acid Fermentation
• Glucose  energy + Lactic Acid
• Bacteria and Fungi to make cheese
• Humans and animals during exercise

32. Alcohol Fermentation
• Bacteria and yeast to make alcohol and bread
• Glucose  ATP (energy) + CO2 + ethanol (alcohol)

33. Photosynthesis
• Series of chemical reactions
• Plants and some unicellular organisms
• Uses light energy, water, and CO2
• Makes glucose and oxygen

34. Lights and Pigments
• In plants, pigments such as chlorophyll
absorb all colors of light except green
• Over plants reflect other colors

35. Reactions in Chloroplasts
• Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll
and other pigments

36. Importance
• Turns solar energy into glucose that
animals can use
• Releases oxygen needed to respiration