Occurrences of priority substances in selected catchments

Occurrences of Priority
Substances in Selected
Catchments
L. Jones, B. Kinsella, A. Furey, F. Regan

Outline
•  Project aim
•  Sampling plan and catchments
•  Rainfall data
•  PAH levels
•  Total Suspended Solids

Project Outline
•  Monitor priority pollutant levels in
wastewater treatment plant ef4luents
•  SPE, GC-‐MS, LC-‐FLD/MS, ICPAES

•  Relate levels detected to emission factors
•  Population equivalents, rainfall, traf4ic, etc.

•  Create model/index of priority substance
emissions from wastewater treatment
plants

Priority Substances in Wastewater
•  Wastewater major point-‐source
•  Responsible for localised EQS exceedances
•  Often upstream of drinking water abstraction
•  Can be controlled
•  Few data on wastewater PS discharges
•  Will complement storm water studies, and
inform targeted PS monitoring

WWTPs
•  Cork
•  Ballincollig
•  Bandon
•  Charleville
•  Clonakilty
•  Fermoy
•  Mallow
•  Ringaskiddy
•  Dublin
•  Ringsend
•  Swords

Site Overview
WWTP Level of
Treatment
Type of Treatment Agglomeration
PE
Plant
PE
Receiving
Waters
Ballincollig Secondary Activated sludge
(Aeration Basin)
16,339 15,000 Freshwater
(R)
Bandon Secondary
Activated sludge
(Oxidation Ditch)
8178 20,000 Freshwater
(R)
Charleville Secondary 2,984 6,415 Freshwater
(R)
Clonakilty Secondary 7,500-15,000 15,000 Estuarine
Fermoy Secondary,
NR
Activated sludge
(Oxidation ditches;
anaerobic-, anoxic- and
aeration tanks)
Phosphorous Removal
(R)

Site Overview
WWTP Level of
Treatment
Type of Treatment Agglomeration
PE
Plant PE Receiving
Waters
Mallow Secondary,
NR
Activated sludge
(Anaerobic-, anoxic-
and aeration tanks)
Phosphorous Removal
(R)
Ringaskiddy None None 14,864 0 Estuarine
Ringsend Tertiary Activated sludge
(Sequencing Batch
Reactors)
U.V Disinfection
2,870,333 1,640,000 Estuarine
Swords Secondary Activated sludge
(Anaerobic-, anoxic-
and aeration tanks)
50,000 60,000 Estuarine

•  Populate model
•  Temporal and seasonal variability
•  Flexible
– DWF / WWF
•  Monthly samples
•  Intensive sampling
Rationale

Site Sample Type Timeframe
(months)
Volume (L) Sample Breakdown
Ballincollig Grab 14 6.5
6 x 500 mL PAH analysis (3 filtered)
6 x 500 mL Pesticide analysis
(3 filtered)
500 mL Metals analysis
Bandon Grab 13 6.5
Charleville Grab 12 6.5
Clonakilty Grab 4 6.5
Fermoy Grab 13 6.5
Mallow Grab 13 6.5
Ringaskiddy Grab/Comp. 12 6.5
Ringsend Grab 25 12.5 6 x 1 L PAH analysis (3 filtered)
6 x 1 L Pesticide analysis (3 filt.)
500 mL Metals analysis
Swords Composite 20 12.5
SAMPLING PLAN

Typical Sampling Campaign
2009 2010 2011
Month J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J
Ballincollig X
Bandon
Charleville
Clonakilty
Fermoy
Mallow
Ringaskiddy
Ringsend X X X X X X
Swords X X X X X X

Dublin (Ringsend)
Dublin
(Simmonscourt)
Dublin
(Merrion Square)
Dublin (Ringsend) 1
Dublin (Simmonscourt) 0.66615 1
Dublin (Merrion Square) 0.89307 0.68413 1
Rainfall Data

Mallow
(Sewage Treatment Works) Mallow (Spa House)
Mallow
(Sewage Treatment Works) 1
Mallow
(Spa House) 0.37697 1

Anthracene
Fluoranthene
4.63
4.7 – 5.33
Naphthalene
3.3
Benzo(a)pyrene
5.97– 6.15
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
5.78 – 6.57
Indeno(1,2,3cd)pyrene
6.4 – 7.1
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
6.00 – 6.84 6.18 – 7.23
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene
PAHs and Log Kow Values

Parameter
Target

EQS
(µg
L-‐1)
LOD
(µg
L-‐1)
Frequency
N=33
Range
min max
Naphthalene 1.2 0.0001 33 5.44
x
10-‐4 1.69
x
10-‐3
Anthracene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0005 33 <LOD 2.33
x
10-‐2
Fluoranthene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0001 33 <LOD 1.89
x
10-‐2
Benzo-‐b/k-‐
ﬂuoranthene Σ
3
x
10-‐3 0.0001
15
<LOD 4.02
x
10-‐2
Benzo-‐a-‐pyrene 5
x
10-‐2 0.0005 12 <LOD 3.03
x
10-‐2
Indeno-‐1,2,3cd-‐pyrene

/Benzo-‐ghi-‐perylene Σ
2
x
10-‐3
0.0001
0.0005
21
<LOD 4.21
x
10-‐2
Ballincollig
June 2010 – May 2011

Bandon
July 2010 – May 2011
Parameter
Target

EQS
(µg
L-‐1)
LOD
(µg
L-‐1)
Frequency
N=24
Range
min max
Naphthalene 1.2 0.0001 24 <LOD 2.92
x
10-‐3
Anthracene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0005 24 <LOD 1.10
x
10-‐3
Fluoranthene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0001 21 <LOD 6.14
x
10-‐4
Benzo-‐b/k-‐
ﬂuoranthene Σ
3
x
10-‐3 0.0001
12 <LOD 1.84
x
10-‐4
x
10-‐2 0.0005 6 <LOD <LOD

2
x
10-‐3
0.0001
0.0005
6 <LOD <LOD

Charleville
August 2010 – May 2011
Parameter
Target

EQS
(µg
L-‐1)
LOD
(µg
L-‐1)
Frequency
N=9
Range
min max
x
10-‐3
Anthracene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0005 9 <LOD 2.87
x
10-‐3
Fluoranthene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0001 9 <LOD 1.44
x
10-‐3
Benzo-‐b/k-‐
ﬂuoranthene Σ
3
x
10-‐3 0.0001
3 <LOD 1.79
x
10-‐3
x
10-‐2 0.0005 3 <LOD 1.57
x
10-‐3

2
x
10-‐3
0.0001
0.0005
9 <LOD 4.67
x
10-‐2

Clonakilty
April – May 2011
Parameter
Target

EQS
(µg
L-‐1)
LOD
(µg
L-‐1)
Frequency
N=6
Range
min max
x
10-‐3
Anthracene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0005 6 <LOD 7.60
x
10-‐4
Fluoranthene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0001 6 <LOD 2.34
x
10-‐4
Benzo-‐b/k-‐
ﬂuoranthene Σ
3
x
10-‐3 0.0001
0 nd nd
x
10-‐2 0.0005 0 nd nd

2
x
10-‐3
0.0001
0.0005
0 nd nd

Fermoy
July 2010 – May 2011
Parameter
Target

EQS
(µg
L-‐1)
LOD
(µg
L-‐1)
Frequency
N=27
Range
min max
x
10-‐3
Anthracene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0005 21 <LOD 1.52
x
10-‐3
Fluoranthene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0001 24 <LOD 2.56
x
10-‐4
Benzo-‐b/k-‐
ﬂuoranthene Σ
3
x
10-‐3 0.0001
9 <LOD <LOD
x
10-‐2 0.0005 6 <LOD 2.07
x
10-‐2

2
x
10-‐3
0.0001
0.0005
9 <LOD 4.36
x
10-‐3

Mallow
July 2010 – May 2011
Parameter
Target

EQS
(µg
L-‐1)
LOD
(µg
L-‐1)
Frequency
N=30
Range
min max
x
10-‐3
Anthracene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0005 21 <LOD 6.53
x
10-‐4
Fluoranthene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0001 18 <LOD 7.36
x
10-‐4
Benzo-‐b/k-‐
ﬂuoranthene Σ
3
x
10-‐3 0.0001
12 <LOD 3.12
x
10-‐4
x
10-‐2 0.0005 9 <LOD 1.24
x
10-‐3

2
x
10-‐3
0.0001
0.0005
15 <LOD 7.13
x
10-‐3

Ringaskiddy
June 2010 – Nov. 2011
Parameter
Target

EQS
(µg
L-‐1)
LOD
(µg
L-‐1)
Frequency
N=18
Range
min max
x
10-‐2
Anthracene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0005 18 <LOD 5.79
x
10-‐2
Fluoranthene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0001 18 <LOD 5.75
x
10-‐2
Benzo-‐b/k-‐
ﬂuoranthene Σ
3
x
10-‐3 0.0001
18 <LOD 5.48
x
10-‐3
x
10-‐2 0.0005 15 <LOD 8.98
x
10-‐3

2
x
10-‐3
0.0001
0.0005
18 <LOD 4.91
x
10-‐2

Swords
Nov. 2009 – Aug. 2010
Parameter
Target

EQS
(µg
L-‐1)
LOD
(µg
L-‐1)
Frequency
N=72
Range
min max
Naphthalene 1.2 0.0001 72 4.69
x
10-‐5 6.26
x
10-‐2
Anthracene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0005 72 <LOD 5.96
x
10-‐2
Fluoranthene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0001 72 <LOD 3.42
x
10-‐2
Benzo-‐b/k-‐
ﬂuoranthene Σ
3
x
10-‐3 0.0001
66 <LOD 2.55
x
10-‐4
x
10-‐2 0.0005 63 <LOD 1.79
x
10-‐2

2
x
10-‐3
0.0001
0.0005
66 <LOD 9.20
x
10-‐4

Ringsend
July 2009 – Aug. 2010
Parameter
Target

EQS
(µg
L-‐1)
LOD
(µg
L-‐1)
Frequency
N=96
Range
min max
Naphthalene 1.2 0.0001 96 5.82
x
10-‐7 5.37
x
10-‐2
Anthracene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0005 96 <LOD 4.10
x
10-‐2
Fluoranthene 1
x
10-‐1 0.0001 96 <LOD 2.49
x
10-‐2
Benzo-‐b/k-‐
ﬂuoranthene Σ
3
x
10-‐3 0.0001
90 <LOD 1.51
x
10-‐4
x
10-‐2 0.0005 87 <LOD 9.02
x
10-‐3

2
x
10-‐3
0.0001
0.0005
87 <LOD 5.74
x
10-‐2

Rainfall and Total Suspended
Solids
TSS
(mg
L-‐1)
and
Rainfall
(mm)

Flow and PAH Concentration
Sept.

Summary - PAHs
Dublin Cork
2 Sites 7 Sites
N=168 N =147
PAHs detected in all samples PAHs detected in all samples
Exceedances at 1 site:
Indeno-1,2,3cd-pyrene/
Benzo-ghi-perylene
Exceedances at 5 sites:
Indeno-1,2,3cd-pyrene/
Benzo-ghi-perylene, Benzo-
b/k-fluoranthene

Acknowledgements
This project is funded by the EPA as part of the Science,
Technology, Research and Innovation for the Environment
(STRIVE) Programme 2007–2013. This programme is
financed by the Irish Government under the National
Development Plan 2007–2013. It is administered on behalf of
the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local
Government by the Environmental Protection Agency, which
has the statutory function of co-ordinating and promoting
environmental research.

Occurrences of priority substances in selected catchments

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