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ALBINISMO
     Classificazione
dagli inizi del 900 ad oggi




    www.albinismo.it
INIZI 900

• Edward Nettleship descrive con molta enfasi le
  caratteristiche genetiche di un <<… Albinismo oculare
  incompleto …>>,
  facendo notare che <<… la discendenza è attraverso
  la madre in ogni caso; nessun maschio affetto ha un bambino
  affetto …>>.



                         ALBINISMO



   OCULOCUTANEO                            OCULARE
  autosomico recessivo                      X-linked

                     www.albinismo.it
La variabilità fenotipica
                    inizia ad evidenziarsi

•   Individui con assenza totale di pigmento, sia cutaneo che
    oculare, sono facilmente riconoscibili e classificabili. Per essi
    si parla di Albinismo “completo”, “totale”, “universale” o
    “perfetto”.



•   Individui che presentano le caratteristiche oculari
    dell’Albinismo, ma con una qualche pigmentazione cutanea
    (cioè non una totale assenza di pigmento), identificabili
    soprattutto nelle popolazioni Africane ed Afro-Americane,
    creano invece confusione. Per essi si parla di Albinismo
    “incompleto”, “parziale” o “imperfetto”.




                        www.albinismo.it
ALBINISMO



       OCULOCUTANEO                  OCULARE
      autosomico recessivo            X-linked



COMPLETO                  INCOMPLETO




           www.albinismo.it
ANNI 60
                         eterogeneità genetica

• Witkop applica alla famiglia di Trevor-Roper il test di
  incubazione del bulbo pilifero, ideato da Kugelman e Van Scott
  1961): tipico esempio di complementazione genetica classica.


                                              ALBINISMO




                           OCULOCUTANEO                              OCULARE




   Tirosinasi-negativo                         Tirosinasi-positivo
        (Ty-neg)                                    (Ty-pos)




                           www.albinismo.it
ANNI 80
  • Più di 80 loci genici controllano il colore del mantello nei topi
    C’è una corrispondenza nell’uomo?



                                          ALBINISMO



               Oculocutaneo                                       Oculare


                                                                            Autosomico
Tirosinasi-negativo             platino               X-linked
                                                                             recessivo


   dal pigmento
                                giallo
      minimo


   Temperatura
                               marrone
    Sensibile
                               www.albinismo.it
OGGI
          CLASSIFICAZIONE GENETICA

                             ALBINISMO


          OCULOCUTANEO                   OCULARE


OCA1                       OCA2            OA1


OCA3                       OCA4


HPS 1-8                    CHS

                www.albinismo.it
ALBINISMO
Classificazione
dagli inizi del 900 ad oggi
materiale didattico
a cura di Rosa Pellegrino
 Per informazioni:
redazione@albinismo.it

http://www.albinismo.it/creative-commoms


                 www.albinismo.it

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Albinismo Classificazione

  • 1. ALBINISMO Classificazione dagli inizi del 900 ad oggi www.albinismo.it
  • 2. INIZI 900 • Edward Nettleship descrive con molta enfasi le caratteristiche genetiche di un <<… Albinismo oculare incompleto …>>, facendo notare che <<… la discendenza è attraverso la madre in ogni caso; nessun maschio affetto ha un bambino affetto …>>. ALBINISMO OCULOCUTANEO OCULARE autosomico recessivo X-linked www.albinismo.it
  • 3. La variabilità fenotipica inizia ad evidenziarsi • Individui con assenza totale di pigmento, sia cutaneo che oculare, sono facilmente riconoscibili e classificabili. Per essi si parla di Albinismo “completo”, “totale”, “universale” o “perfetto”. • Individui che presentano le caratteristiche oculari dell’Albinismo, ma con una qualche pigmentazione cutanea (cioè non una totale assenza di pigmento), identificabili soprattutto nelle popolazioni Africane ed Afro-Americane, creano invece confusione. Per essi si parla di Albinismo “incompleto”, “parziale” o “imperfetto”. www.albinismo.it
  • 4. ALBINISMO OCULOCUTANEO OCULARE autosomico recessivo X-linked COMPLETO INCOMPLETO www.albinismo.it
  • 5. ANNI 60 eterogeneità genetica • Witkop applica alla famiglia di Trevor-Roper il test di incubazione del bulbo pilifero, ideato da Kugelman e Van Scott 1961): tipico esempio di complementazione genetica classica. ALBINISMO OCULOCUTANEO OCULARE Tirosinasi-negativo Tirosinasi-positivo (Ty-neg) (Ty-pos) www.albinismo.it
  • 6. ANNI 80 • Più di 80 loci genici controllano il colore del mantello nei topi C’è una corrispondenza nell’uomo? ALBINISMO Oculocutaneo Oculare Autosomico Tirosinasi-negativo platino X-linked recessivo dal pigmento giallo minimo Temperatura marrone Sensibile www.albinismo.it
  • 7. OGGI CLASSIFICAZIONE GENETICA ALBINISMO OCULOCUTANEO OCULARE OCA1 OCA2 OA1 OCA3 OCA4 HPS 1-8 CHS www.albinismo.it
  • 8. ALBINISMO Classificazione dagli inizi del 900 ad oggi materiale didattico a cura di Rosa Pellegrino Per informazioni: redazione@albinismo.it http://www.albinismo.it/creative-commoms www.albinismo.it