1. Find the
Citation
Error:
Roy‟s Quiz
on APA In-
Text and
Reference
Page
Citation Style

12. Catch the Error #1
Note: this is a paraphrase
Hollingshead measured aggressiveness
in children before and after exposure to
violent videogames (2002, p. 15).

13. Revised
Hollingshead (2002) measured
aggressiveness in children before and after
exposure to violent videogames.
Explanation: The year comes after the
researcher‟s name. No page number is
needed if there is no direct quote. Page
numbers are allowed….

14. Catch the Error #2
Neither group showed any significant
growth (Wong and Tuttle 2005).

15. Revised
Neither group showed any significant
growth (Wong & Tuttle, 2005).
Explanation: Use an ampersand (&)
when citing parenthetically and put a
comma between author(s) and year of
publication.

16. Catch the Error #3
Duffy & Petronius (2002, p. 23) found
that none of the subjects showed
improvement.

17. Revised
Duffy and Petronius (2002) found that
none of the subjects showed
improvement.
Explanation: Use “and” -- not
ampersand -- when citing authors
outside of parentheses. No page
number needed since there was no
direct quote.

18. Catch the Error #4
Boyle (1998, 1998, 1998) found in three
separate studies that the rats had
higher stress hormone levels after
exposure.
[Assume the three studies were done in
1998 and each was published
separately that year.]

19. Revised
Boyle (1998a, 1998b, 1998c) found in three
separate studies that the rats had higher
stress hormone levels after exposure.
Explanation: To avoid confusion, each
study will be designated by a different
letter – a, b, c, etc. Items are listed in
the reference section alphabetically by
title.

20. Catch the Error #5
Parker (2003) found that there was “no
significant difference between the
treatment group and the control group.”

21. Revision
Parker (2003) found that there was “no
significant difference between the treatment
group and the control group” (p. 12).
Explanation: Since a direct quote was
used, a page number must be provided
after the quote.

22. Catch the Error #6
Note: this is a personal communication
When contacted, Habbib had no useful
explanation except that “mistakes were
made” (personal phone call, 2005).

23. Revised
When contacted, Habbib had no useful
explanation except that “mistakes were made”
(personal communication, December 1, 2005).
Explanation: Use “personal
communication” and exact date when
citing telephone calls, letters, memos,
personal interviews, etc.
You do not need to put this in the
References section since the data is non-
recoverable.

24. Catch the Error #7
Note: this is a paraphrase
According to Lunsford new writing
spaces created by technology require
the writer to focus on the audience and
on the writing purpose more than ever
before (2009).

25. Revised
According to Lunsford (2009), new writing
spaces created by technology require the
writer to focus on the audience and on the
writing purpose more than ever before.
The date goes after the name

26. Catch the Error #9
Lunsford (2009) stated, “Today, perhaps
more than ever before, everyone can be
a writer every day.” (p. vi)

27. Revised
Lunsford (2009) stated, “Today, perhaps
more than ever before, everyone can be a
writer every day” (p. vi).
Period goes at the end of the quote

28. Catch the Error #10
Note: reference page reference
Cleckley, Bob. (1997). Strategies for
promoting pluralism in education and
the workplace. Westport, CT: Praeger.

29. Revised
Cleckley, B. (1997). Strategies for promoting
pluralism in education and the workplace.
Westport, CT: Praeger.

30. Catch the Error #11
Mandelbrot, B., Hudson, R. L. (2004).
The misbehavior of markets. New
York, NY: Basic Books.

31. Revised
Mandelbrot, B., & Hudson, R. L. (2004). The
misbehavior of markets. New York, NY:
Basic Books.

32. Catch the Error #12
National Commission on Terrorist
Attacks. (2004). The 9/11 commission
report: final report of the National
Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon
the United States. New York, NY: W.W.
Norton.

33. Revised
National Commission on Terrorist Attacks. (2004).
The 9/11 commission report: Final report of
the National Commission on Terrorist
Attacks upon the United States. New York,
NY: W.W. Norton.

34. Catch the Error #13
Aguirre, A., Jr., & Baker, D. V. (Editors.)
(2008). Structured inequality in the
United States: Critical discussions on
the continuing significance of race,
ethnicity, and gender (2nd edition.).
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson
Education.

35. Revised
Aguirre, A., Jr., & Baker, D. V. (Eds.) (2008).
Structured inequality in the United States:
Critical discussions on the continuing
significance of race, ethnicity, and gender (2nd
ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson
Education.

36. Catch the Error #14
Bretschneider, John Garrett and
McCoy, Nancy Lewis, 1968. Sexual
Interest and Behavior in Healthy 80-
102-Year-Olds. Archives of Sexual
Behavior, Vol. 14, pp. 343-350.

37. Revised
Bretschneider, J. G., & McCoy, N. L. (1968). Sexual
interest and behavior in healthy 80-120-year-
olds. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 14, 343-350.
Explanation: 1) only initials for first names; 2)
year in parentheses followed by period; 3)
lower case in article title; 4) italicize journal
name and capitalize first letters; 5) no “Vol.,”
just italicize; 6) no “pp.”; 7) hanging indent.

38. Catch the Error #15
Most experts believed the effects would
be disastrous (NIMH, 2000). For
example, 8 of those surveyed believed
supplies would run out within 24 hours.
Not surprisingly, only 2 out of 15 thought
survival was possible after thirty-six
hours.
(Assume NIMH is introduced here for
the first time.)

39. Revised
Most experts believed the effects will be
disastrous (National Institutes of Mental
Health [NIMH], 2000). For example, eight
of those surveyed believed supplies would
run out within 24 hours. Not
surprisingly, only 2 out of 15 thought
survival was possible after 36 hours.
Explanation: Number and abbreviation
rules.

40. Catch the Error #16
Walker, J. S., & Schutte, K. M. (2004). Practice and
process in wraparound teamwork. Journal of
Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 12, 3, 182-192.

41. Revised
Walker, J. S., & Schutte, K. M. (2004). Practice
and process in wraparound teamwork.
Journal of Emotional and Behavioral
Disorders, 12(3), 182-192.

42. Catch the Error #17
According to Daniels (2004) “at the
Olive Garden and red lobster
chains, diversity efforts are encouraged
from „boardroom to dining room” (Para.
5).

43. Revised
According to Daniels (2004), “At the Olive
Garden and Red Lobster chains, diversity
efforts are encouraged from „boardroom to
dining room‟” (para. 5).

44. Catch the Error #18
A list of companies has been singled
out as best for minority employees.
(Daniels, 2004).

45. Revised
A list of companies has been singled out as
best for minority employees (Daniels,
2004).

46. Catch the Error #19
Journal with no author
Corrections to the Economy. (2004, Nov
1). Fortune, 150, 9, p. 32. Retrieved
from:
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortun
e/

47. Revised
Corrections to the economy. (2004, November 1).
Fortune, 150(9), 32. Retrieved from
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/

48. Catch the Error #20
Journal with no author
Fortune magazine did name the CEO of
Rite-Aid who is currently in prison for
fraud (“Corrections, 2004).

49. Revised
Journal with no author
Fortune magazine did name the CEO of
Rite-Aid who is currently in prison for
fraud (“Corrections,” 2004).

50. Catch the Error #21
Journal from a database
Tzschentke, N., & Kirk, D., & Lynch, P.
A. (2004). Reasons for going green in
serviced accommodation
establishments. International Journal of
Contemporary Hospitality
Management, 16(2), p. 116-124.
doi:10.1108/09596110410520007.

51. Revised
Tzschentke, N., Kirk, D., & Lynch, P. A. (2004).
Reasons for going green in serviced
accommodation establishments.
International Journal of Contemporary
Hospitality Management, 16(2), 116-124.
doi:10.1108/09596110410520007

52. Catch the Error #21
The Supreme Court declared “a
company may decide to promote an
employee on the basis of race under
certain circumstances” (Herron and
Miles, 1987).

53. Revised
The Supreme Court declared, “A company
may decide to promote an employee on the
basis of race under certain circumstances”
(Herron & Miles, 1987, p. 32).

54. Catch the Error #22
A chapter from a book
Locker & Kienzler (2008, Ch. 7) present
good guidelines for writing effective
résumés and provide many examples
for types of résumés.

55. Revised
Locker and Kienzler (2008, Chapter 7)
present good guidelines for writing effective
résumés and provide many examples for
types of résumés.

56. Catch the Error #23
Newspaper Article
Herron, C. R., & Miles, M. A. (1987, Mar
1). Promotion based on race is upheld
by Supreme Court. The New York
Times, p. e4.

57. Revised
Herron, C. R., & Miles, M. A. (1987, March 1).
Promotion based on race is upheld by Supreme
Court. The New York Times, p. e4.

58. Catch the Error #24
Website – No Author
National Osteoporosis Foundation.
(2008) Fast facts. Retrieved from:
http://www.nof.org

59. Revised
National Osteoporosis Foundation. (2008). Fast
facts. Retrieved from http://www.nof.org

60. Catch the Error #25
Podcast - “nonroutine” information can
be included in brackets.
Fogarty, Martha. (Mar 9). Who versus
whom [Audio Podcast]. Grammar Girl's
Quick and Dirty Tips for Better Writing.
Retrieved from:
http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/w
ho-versus-whom.aspx

61. Revised
Fogarty, M. (2007, March 9). Who versus whom
[Audio podcast]. Grammar Girl's Quick and
Dirty Tips for Better Writing. Retrieved from
http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/who-
versus-whom.aspx

62. Catch the Error #26
YouTube Video - “nonroutine”
information can be included in brackets.
Apsolon, Martha. [markapsolon].
(2011, Sep 9). Real ghost girl caught on
Video Tape 14 [Video file]. Retrieved
from:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nyG
CbxD848

63. Revised
Apsolon, M. [markapsolon]. (2011, September 9).
Real ghost girl caught on Video Tape 14
[Video file]. Retrieved from
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nyGCbx
D848

64. Catch the Error #27
Electronic Book
Davis, J. (n.d.). Familiar birdsongs of
the Northwest. Available from
http://www.powells.com/cgibin/biblio?ink
ey=1-9780931686108-0

65. Revised
Davis, J. (n.d.). Familiar birdsongs of the
Northwest. Retrieved from
http://www.powells.com/cgibin/biblio?inkey
=1-9780931686108-0

66. Catch the Error #28
Online Encyclopedia
Feminism. (n.a.). In Encyclopædia
Britannica online. Retrieved URL:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/t
opic/724633/feminism

67. Revised
Feminism. (n.d.). In Encyclopædia Britannica
online. Retrieved from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic
/ 724633/feminism

68. Catch the Error #29
Work with three to five authors (first
time cited)
In
2003, Berkowitz, Wadden, Tershakovec,
and Cronquist concluded, “Sibutramine
. . . must be carefully monitored in
adolescents, as in adults, to control
increases in [blood pressure] and pulse
rate.”

69. Revised
In 2003, Berkowitz, Wadden, Tershakovec, and
Cronquist concluded, “Sibutramine . . . must be
carefully monitored in adolescents, as in adults, to
control increases in [blood pressure] and pulse rate”
(p. 1811).
In subsequent citations, use the first author‟s name followed by
“et al.” in either the signal phrase or the parentheses.
As Berkowitz et al. (2003) advised, “Until more
extensive safety and efficacy data are available, . . .
weight-loss medications should be used only on an
experimental basis for adolescents” (p. 1811).

70. Catch the Error #30
Unknown author (book)
“Children struggling to control their
weight must also struggle with the
pressures of television advertising
that, on the one hand, encourages the
consumption of junk food and, on the
other, celebrates thin celebrities”
(“Television,” 2002).

71. Revised
 Unknown author
 “Children struggling to control their
weight must also struggle with the
pressures of television advertising that, on
the one hand, encourages the consumption
of junk food and, on the other, celebrates
thin celebrities” (“Television,” 2002, para.
2).

72. Catch the Error #31
Indirect source
Former surgeon general Dr. David
Satcher described, “A nation of young
people seriously at risk of starting out
obese and dooming themselves to the
difficult task of overcoming a tough
illness” (as cited in Critser, 2003).

73. Revised
Former surgeon general Dr. David Satcher
described “a nation of young people
seriously at risk of starting out obese and
dooming themselves to the difficult task of
overcoming a tough illness” (as cited in
Critser, 2003, p. 4).