Capacity Building Program “Pricing Renewables: Feed-in Tariff (FiT) Design and Structure for Wind Farms and Solar Plants” - October 23-27, 2011

1. Country Report
Syria
Pricing Renewable Training Course 23/10/2011
RCREEE Cairo
Prepared by:
Eng.Samer Alsaghir

2. IDENTIFICATION
Name: Samer Mahmoud Alsaghir
present position: Cheaf of Solar Energy
Group / National Energy Research Center /
Ministry of Electricity - Syria

3. Board of Directors OF NERC
General Director
Deputy General Director Deputy General Director for
for the general fields technical & scientific fields
internal monitoring department financial directorate
general fields informatics training, scientific planning & energy EE.D
directorate co-operation policies sector RE.D
directorate
directorate
legal & archives & integrated energy efficiency in solar energy
management information technical co- planning the industrial sector
department Group
Group
bank Group operating resources
Group Group energy efficiency in wind energy
services soft wars training & the building sector Group
department Group qualification Group
Group energy policies energy efficiency in
biomass energy
Spreading Group the transportation
translation & sector Group Group
Group
library Group
laws & support activities different energy
legislations Group resources Group
Group

4. NATIONAL ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER
// NERC//
Established in 2003 by the decree law No.8.
NERC responsible to carry out the scientific
applied studies in EE&RE fields and implement
the pilot projects to assist to establish the policies
and select the appropriate strategies by the
relevant high Syrian authorities.

5. CURENT ENERGY SITUATION &
R.E RESOURCES
IN SYRIA

7. Location : between 32.3 °and 37 °latitude north of the Equator line, and
between 36 °and 42.5 °longitude lines east of Greenwich line.
Population: 22,3 million (Estimated in 2008).
Language : Arabic
Area : 185,500 km2

8. CURRENT STATUS OF ENERGY
Primary Energy Consumption
TOTAL DEMAND 23.2 MTOE 100%
COAL 0.00 MTOE 0%
OIL 17.08 MTOE 74%
NATURAL GAZ 4.72 MTOE 20.4%
HYDRO 0.72 MTOE 3%
BIOMASS 0.60 MTOE 2.6%
R.E 0.00 MTOE 0%
NUCLEARE 0.00 MTOE 0%
ENERGY CONSUMPTION : 1,162 (KTOE/capita)

9. 15 Power Plants in 2009
TOTAL INSTALLED CAPPACITY 7,518 MW 100%
STEAM TURBINE 3,335 MW 44.36%
GAS TURBINE 1,282 MW 17.05%
COMBINED CYCLE 1,750 MW 23.28%
HYDRO – TURBINE 1,151 MW 15.31%

10. CURRENT STATUS OF ELECTRICITY
GROSS GENERATION 43,308 Gwh 100%
STEAM TURBINE 22,833 Gwh 52.72%
GAS TURBINE 6,951 Gwh 16.05%
COMBINED CYCLE 11,599 Gwh 26.78%
HYDRO - TURBINE 1,925 Gwh 04.44%
Electrification Ratio 100% in urban area & 97% in rural area

11. Distribution of Electrical Energy For Local
Consumption (Per Sector)
Agriculture
Agriculture
Sector
Sector
6%
6%
Manufacturing
Sector
31%
Domestic Sector
49%
Governmental
Commercial
Administration and Sector
Others (Chirches & 8%
Mosques)

12. CURRENT STATUS
INCREASING DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY
7,7%
per year
HIGH POPULATION GROWTH 2.45% PER YEAR
Urban Development, welfare and High living costs
Moving to Manufacturing
Wider supply of Electricity in Rural Areas to cover 97% of population
Low Electricity Prices in comparison with other types of energy
1994 2009
14,880 GWh 43,308 GWh

13. CURRENT STATUS
INCREASING DEMAND FOR PEAK
7,8% 7,6%
per year
8,5%
per year
1994 2004 2008 2009
2474 MW 5621 MW 6715MW 7223 MW

14. CURRENT STATUS OF ELECT TARIFF(S.P/kWh)
Consumption Voltage Level Peak Day Night Average
230 kV 3.0 2.0 1.5 2.0
66 kV 3.8 2.5 1.8 2.5
230 kV 4.5 2.8 1.8 2.8
20/0.4 kV
Industrial & Commercial 5.0 3.4 2.5 3.4
Agriculture 254 1.8 1.4 1.8
Residential (0.4 kV) S.P $
1-100 kWh/ two months 0.25 0.005
101-200 kWh/ two months 0.35 0.007
201-400 kWh/ two months 0.50 0.01
401-600 kWh/ two months 0.75 0.015
601-800 kWh/ two months 2.0 0.04
801-1000 kWh/ two months 3.0 0,06
1001-2000 kWh/ two months 3.5 0.07
>2001 kWh/ two months 4.0 0.08
1 Kwh Cost is: 8 (S.P) = 0.16 (USD)

15. RENEWABL ENERGY RESOURCES
IN SYRIA

16. Wind Energy Resource
Wind speed measurements were conducted in more than 40 stations spread all
over the country
Upon the analysis of the measured data, the country can be divided into four
main regions.

17. The measurement station in SYRIA

18. PILOT PROJECT :
50 MW WIND FARM WILL BE INSTALLED
IN //2011// IN SINDYANAH 02 LOCATION

19. Biomass Resources
Distribution of the biomass potential Per Sectors
The theoretical biomass potential in Syria has been estimated as 25.8
million tones per year, which is split between all sources as shown.
Cities Waste Industrial Wastee
Forests
12% 5%
13%
Animal Waste Agricultural Waste
10% 60%

20. Biomass Resources
Production of Domestic Waste in Syrian Cities
(Estimated in 2005)
Population in Production of Solid Waste
City
Thousand (Tons/day)
Damascus 1,513 1,000
Suburb of Damascus 1,934 1,915
Aleppo 3,719 2,660
Homs 1,490 1,600
Hama 1,335 800
Lattakia 876 760
Deir-ezzor 919 600
Edlib 1,120 300
Al-Hasakeh 1,265 250
Al-Raqua 691 660
Al-Sweida 307 250
Deraa 780 280
Tartous 674 360
Al-Qunaitera 66 50
Total 17,130 11,485

21. SOLAR ENERGY - CURRENT STATUS

22. The average solar radiant in Syria is about 5.1 kWh/m2/day.
The average annually solar radiant in Syria is about 1.9 Mwh/m2/Year.
Less than 50 cloudy day/year & about 1800 shining Hour yearly.
In 1994, the assessment of solar energy in Syria was issued.
(wh/m2)

23. Solar Thermal Systems - current status
About 45 companies works in this field as a manufacture one of them
is a pubic and the rest is private.
The biggest is a public company works under the umbrella of ministry
of industry.
No estimated about the import companies in the private sector.
More than 150,000 DSWH (2009 Estimated)
About 2000 SWH (industrial Sector)
The governmental procedures
Ministry of Electricity has installed more than 4400 m² Flat Plate collectors
systems in the accommodation apartments of employees around the country.
NERC carried out the Largest Pilot Project in the country for the ministry of
health :
ALMOASAH (1000 beds) Large Scale SWH with:
32 m³/day of hot water
288 m² Flat Plate collector
1700 Evacuated tubes.
NERC suggested the draft of ”100,000 DSWH SUBSIDY BOX PROJECT “ in 2008
but the draft didn’t approved by the Government.

24. Modify the Syrian Standards of the SWH according to the IEC
Standards.
The ministry of industry has installed a test facility to test the solar
thermal products in the country according to the newest Syrian
Standards.

25. Solar PV Systems - current status
Many small PV applications was carried out by
Scientific Studies & Research Centre (SSRC)

27. Solar PV Systems - current status
Many small PV systems was carried out by NERC
NERC:
About 40 KWp on- Grid PV System on the roof of NERC &
on the roof of Electricity Ministry building.

28. Solar PV Systems - current status
About 6 KWp off-Grid PV System for the Billboard NERC
building and for the Electricity Ministry building.

29. Solar PV Systems - current status
About 8 KWp pumping PV System in TADMOR Desert area

30. Solar PV Systems - current status

31. Solar PV Systems - current status
About 7 KWp Street Lighting PV System in LATAQIA Park &
in the internal square of the Ministry of Electricity

32. Solar PV Systems - current status
The current market situation of Solar PV Systems
So far SYRIA has a small installed capacity of Solar PV
System (less than 0.5 MWp) that is carried out by public
sector.
No accurate survey for the private sector market.
Only (1) public company and (1)common company are
considered as a manufacture (assembly & encapsulate PV
Modules).
Cells and Modules are imported from: SPAIN, CHINA,
JAPAN.

33. Pilot projects
1MWp ON-GRID Solar Power Station will be carried out in
Southern of Damascus (Der-Ali) area.
(Contracting phase) //owned by NERC//
3 MWp ON-GRID Solar Power Station will be carried out in
Southern of Damascus (Der-Ali) area.
(Under tendering) //owned by PEEGT*//
20 MWp ON-GRID Solar Power Station will be carried out in
Northern of Damascus (Der-Attieh) area in cooperation with
private companies.
(MOU is under approving) //owned by NERC//
* PEEGT: Public Establishment for Electricity Generation & Transmission.

34. Solar PV Systems - current status
The governmental procedures
Law N °3 was issued in 2009 (regulation of EE& RE procedures to save
energy).
Establishing the Syrian- Ukrainian Solar PV Modules company.
Electricity law N °32 was issued in 2010 (the regulations of payment of the
electricity that generated by renewable energy resources. The execution
instructions are under approving
With the end of 2012, NERC & State Planning Commission will
issues the Syrian Standards of PV systems according to the
European Standards.
The imported subcomponents which are used in Solar Thermal
Systems industry or Solar PV Systems industry
have a small customs fee about 1%.