EE indicators

1. November 29th, 2012
Country Presentation
by: Ghassan Dib

2. PRESENTATION CONTENT
Strengths and Weaknesses of data collection
process
Indicators presentation
Use of indicators in National or regional EE
and RE policy monitoring and evaluation
Conclusion and recommendations

3. Introduction
• The work shown in this report was initiated jointly by the
Plan Bleu, in partnership with RCREEE, to formulate
''energy conservation indicators'' in 10 Southern
Mediterranean countries and MENA region, namely:
Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Libya,
Palestine, Tunisia and Yemen.
• This project that aims to contribute to the construction of
energy efficiency indicators and to interpret them for the
entire Southern Mediterranean region.
• Special thanks to all people who contributed in helping
the experts understand the business of indicators and to
all the Lebanese institutions that helped in providing the
required data.

4. Introduction
• The Lebanese economy is service-oriented; main
growth sectors include banking and tourism. The GDP
is $39 billion and is divided per sector as follows:
agriculture: 5%, industry: 16%, services: 79%.
• The electricity production in Lebanon is 10,282 GWh
per year. Lebanon imports 1.114 billion kWh from
neighboring countries. Lebanon dependency ratio is
very high (Above 95%) since electricity is either
imported or produced by imported fuel with a very small
fraction produced by Hydro and some renewable
systems.

5. Data Collection
• As seen in the table below, the data needed at the
macro level were mainly available. The data related to
the energy totals was also available.
• The exercise revealed that data of the energy in the
sectors are not being collected faithfully. Also, other
problems appeared when we came to interpret the data.

6. Data Collection
• The major difficulties in the collection were in the lack of
availability of the data and not because of a lack of
cooperation. Most of the bodies, institutions and
ministries provided the necessary help and provided
whatever is available.
• The energy demand is higher than the produced
energy and hence the power from the government is
provided for 20 hours in Beirut area and up to 14 hours
per day in the remaining regions of Lebanon. This led
to the installation of small generators in the different
regions to compensate for the deficiencies.
• These generators are also not accounted for in the
collected numbers as electricity produced since there
are no statistics for them.

7. Primary Energy and GDP
Primary energy consumption (ktoe) and GDP constant (LC constant price) base
year (2000 or 2003) =100%
150%
Primary energy consumption
GDP at constant price
140%
130%
120%
110%
100%
90%
80%
70%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

8. Energy Context- Values and
trends consumption per
Energy dependency and primary energy
capita (ktoe/1000 hab)
Average Primary Energy
Energy Dependency Ratio Consumption per habitant
97%
1.800
Energy dependence Ratio Average Primary Energy Consumption per
habitant
97% 1.600
1.400
96%
1.200
96%
1.000
95%
0.800
95% 0.600
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

9. Macro indicators
 Intensities of Primary and Final Energy (ktoe/ 1000 LC)
0.00140
0.00130
0.00120
0.00110
0.00100
0.00090
0.00080
0.00070
0.00060
Intensity of Primary Energy
0.00050
Intensity of Final Energy
0.00040
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

10. Transformation sector
 Specific consumption of power generation (toe/GWH)
Specific Consumption of Power Generation
270.00
250.00
230.00
210.00
190.00
Specific Consumption of Power
170.00
Generation
150.00
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

11. Transformation sector
• Up to the year 2011, there was no gas or oil production
in Lebanon. The energy transformation is mostly from
oil to electricity. The power plants in Lebanon are mainly
Thermal power plants with approximately 2000 MW
installed capacity. The efficiency of the thermal plants is
low because most of them are old plants that should be
retired.
• The hydraulic power plants installed capacity is 220MW.
The share in the RE is picking up. Government laws
should support the installation of RE plants like Wind
and PV.

12. Industry Indicators
 Intensity of industry sector
Final energy consumption of Industry Sector (Ktoe)
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400 Final energy consumption of
Industry Sector
200
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

13. Industry Indicators
 The Industry sector contributes 16% of the GDP and
consumes approximately 20% of the final energy
consumption. Although the share of the industry sector
is known, the consumption per industry type was not
found.
 The government has to encourage this sector by
introducing new favorable laws.

14. Residential sector
 The residential sector consumes approximately 25% of
the final energy consumption.
 The residential sector is growing rapidly in Lebanon with
the active real estate sector. The power needs are also
increasing with the number of dwelling and because of
the penetration of the air conditioning units into the
market. The increase in the power needs was
accomplished by small generators at very high kWh
cost, since the government installed capacity did not
increase since the year 2000.
 The government should support the use of solar water
heaters and PV and wind power generation.

15. Residential sector
 Equipment Rate of Solar Heater water (m2/1000 hab)
Diffusion Rate of Solar Water Heaters in
Residential sector
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00 Diffusion Rate of Solar Water
Heaters in Residential sector
10.00
0.00
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

16. SWH current and future

17. Tertiary Indicators
 The services sector is the dominant economic sector (79% of
the GDP), and heavily depends on trade, imports, exports,
tourism, hotels, restaurants, & entertainment industry, but
mostly on the financial industry.
 Lebanon has over 80 banks both local and international,
serving the needs of public & private sectors via established
correspondents worldwide. The country also has a large
number of insurance companies both international & local.
 The tertiary sector contributes 79% of the GDP and
consumes approximately 5 to 10% of the final energy
consumption.
 The same problems faced in data collection in the industry
are also faced in the tertiary sector where it was not possible
to get the consumption per sector (Hotel, Hospitals, etc.).

18. Transport Indicators
 The transport sector consumes approximately 42% of
the final energy consumption. The number of cars in the
last years has been increasing at the rate of 8% per
year, which is a high rate.
 There is no public transportation by the government, but
rather there is some private companies operating some
buses on specified routes. There are no trains or trams
and the infrastructure for the bus stops is also missing.
 This sector consumes a little less than half the energy in
the country and this can be greatly improved by the
introduction of a good public transportation system.

19. Conclusion
 Difficulties in data collection because of lack of
information.
 Other difficulties: neighborhood generators.
Data collection for the private generators must
be established to monitor and control this
necessary but undesirable business and make
sure it is shrinking not growing.
 Exposure to other countries made it clear that
Lebanon needs to formulate a systematic
approach for indicators calculation.
 Lebanon should benefit from the network of
experts and focal points that make it easier to
learn.

20. Conclusion
 Establish a systematic approach for data
collection and indicators calculation to help in
decision making and check the results of
actions taken by the government to direct the
country economy into a more green economy.
This is being overcome by an joint effort from
LCEC, CAS, EDL and MEW.
 Because of the high dependency of Lebanon
on imported energy in one form or the other, it
is recommended that the government support
the market development of renewable energies
including Solar water heaters, decentralized PV
and wind power plants.