4. Wind turbine components
1-Foundation
2-Connection to the electric grid
3-Tower
4-Access ladder
5-Wind orientation control (Yaw control)
6-Nacelle
7-Generator
8-Anemometer
9-Electric or Mechanical Brake
10-Gearbox
11-Rotor blade
12-Blade pitch control
13-Rotor hub
5. 1-Foundation
• It transfers and spreads
the loads to the soil at
depth.
• The vertical and
horizontal forces which
act on the turbine
foundation are due to
self-weight
and wind respectively.
• The height of wind
turbine tower varies
usually from 40 m to 130
m.
6. 2-Connection to the electric grid
• The annual average wind speeds of minimum 10 mph are mandatory
for sufficient energy production to qualify for grid connectivity.
• The grid-supplied electricity is more expensive than renewable energy
systems.
• Network voltages and fluctuations in current cannot be controlled.
7. 3-Tower
• wind speed rises proportionally to the
seventh root of altitude.
• To avoid buckling, doubling the tower height
generally requires doubling the diameter of
the tower.
• Towers about 210 ft (65 m) high.
• 30% – 65% of the turbine weight
8. 4-Access ladder
• Inside, there is a 260 foot ladder.
• The only way to the top is by climb.
• Wind turbines have three platforms along the ascent
to view other climbers or to take a rest during.
• Those who work in the wind turbine energy or when
a turbine is shut down, have the opportunity to ascend
to the top.
9. 5-wind orientation control/Yaw
Mechanism
• Responsible for the
orientation of the wind
turbine rotor towards
the wind.
• the wind force in order
to adjust
the orientation of
the wind turbine rotor
into the wind.
10. The yaw control system
aligns the turbine's
nacelle with the wind
direction in order to
minimize the yaw angle
error, that is, the result of
the subtraction between
turbine main axis angle
and wind direction.
11. 6-Nacelle/wind turbine
•The wind pushes directly against the blades of
the turbine, which converts the linear motion of
the wind into the rotary motion
•Houses all of the generating components in a wind
turbine, including the generator, gearbox, drive train,
and brake assembly.
12. 7-generater
• Permanent magnet
synchronous generators
are used.
• produces alternating
current (AC) .
• To spin
the generators rotor and
the harder
the wind pushes, the
more electrical energy can
be generated.
13. 8-Anemometer
• Measuring wind speed
and direction.
• wind speeds to be
comparable from
location to location,
the effect of the
terrain needs to be
considered, especially
in regard to height.
14. 9-Braking:causes the blades to slow down
Electrical Brake
• Dumping energy from
the generator into
a resistor bank.
• converting the kinetic
energy of the turbine
rotation into heat.
• safe speed in faster
winds while maintaining
(nominal) power
output.
Mechanical Brake
• A mechanical drum
brake or disk brake is
used to stop turbine in
emergency situation
such as extreme gust
events.
• Applied only after blade
furling.
• It can create a fire.
15. 10-Gear Box
• Increase the rotational
speed from a low-speed
main shaft to a high-
speed shaft connecting
with an
electrical generator.
•An increase in shaft
speed with a reduction of
torque.
16. 11-Rotor Blade
• Speed ratio (SR)= tip speed/ wind speed
• 3 blade SR=6 to 7
• Use of aluminium and composite materials in their
blades has contributed to low rotational inertia.
17. 12-Blade pitch Control
• The angle of a blade in a fluid.
• Used to adjust the rotation
speed and the generated
power.
• Implemented via hydraulic or
electric mechanisms.
• Accounts for less than 3% of a
wind turbine's expense.
• Malfunctions account for 23%
of all wind turbine production
downtime.
• account for 21% of all
component failures.
18. 13-Rotor Hub
• Holds the blades and
connects them to the
main shaft of
the wind machine.
• It holds the blades in
their proper position for
maximum aerodynamic
efficiency.
• Rotates to drive the
generator.
