dental care for children

1. DENTAL HEALTH &
DENTAL PROBLEMS
Prepared by
Raveen Isamel Abdullah
B.CS.in Nursing
Hawler medical university
College of nursing
2016-2017

2. OUTLINES
1.Oral health
2.Importance of oral heath protection
3.Dentition
4.Anatomy of teeth
5.Common dental health problems

3. Objectives
• By end of the seminar audiences will
understand the importance of oral hygiene
and how to maintain child's oral hygiene .
• Also they will be aware of the most
common dental problems in children .

4. ORAL HEALTHORAL HEALTH
It’s keeping the teeth,It’s keeping the teeth,
gums and mouth healthy!gums and mouth healthy!

5. AppearanceAppearance
Teeth are very important to
appearance.
They not only make a
nice smile, but they
also shape the face.

6. ChewingChewing
Teeth are important to chew
food properly.
• The chewing of food with
teeth is the first step in the
digestion of food.
• If food cannot be chewed
properly, it can cause
problems with digestion.

7. Talking (speech)Talking (speech)
Teeth are important for speaking
Teeth work with the lips, cheeks and
tongue, allowing us to pronounce
words.

8. TOOTHTOOTH
The CROWN:The CROWN:
The part of the toothThe part of the tooth
above the gums.above the gums.

9. TOOTHTOOTH
The ROOT:The ROOT:
The part of the toothThe part of the tooth
below the gumline.below the gumline.

10. The tooth is made of 3 layers:The tooth is made of 3 layers:
ENAMEL:ENAMEL:
Covers the crown.Covers the crown.
Is the protectiveIs the protective
covering.covering.
Is the hardest thing inIs the hardest thing in
our body, evenour body, even
harder than bone!harder than bone!

11. The tooth is made of 3 layers:The tooth is made of 3 layers:
PULP:PULP:
Fills the space insideFills the space inside
the tooth.the tooth.
Contains bloodContains blood
vessels and nervesvessels and nerves
that keep the tooththat keep the tooth
alive!alive!

13. What isWhat is PLAQUEPLAQUE??
An invisible film of germs thatAn invisible film of germs that
constantly grows on teeth and can causeconstantly grows on teeth and can cause
cavities .cavities .
PLAQUE

14. How cavity occur ?How cavity occur ?
• This plaque contains
“germs” (bacteria).
• Sugar from foods and
drinks are turned into
acid by these germs.
• This acid attacks our
teeth and softens the
hard surface until a hole
or cavity is formed.Mestman, Herman, What To Do For Healthy Teeth

15. Avoid getting cavitiesAvoid getting cavities
• Avoid sugary, sticky foods or
snacks, and choose nutritious
foods like fruits, vegetables
and cheese
• Avoid drinking soda or other
sugary drinks, and drink
more milk & water
• Avoid snacking all day long,
and limit the amount of
snacks you have throughout
the day

16. HowHow
plaque affects gums too?!plaque affects gums too?!
• When plaque is left on the
teeth for a while, harmful
“germs” (bacteria) begin to
increase and irritate the
gum tissues.
• This causes bleeding and
the gums may become sore.
This is called gum disease.

17. To prevent cavities, gum diseaseTo prevent cavities, gum disease
and bad breath CHILD need toand bad breath CHILD need to
brush and floss THE teethbrush and floss THE teeth
regularly…regularly…

18. Brushing TimesBrushing Times
• After eating
• At bedtime

19. How long should CHILDHow long should CHILD
brushbrush??
For about two minutes
and at least twice each
day.

20. FLOSSING TEETHFLOSSING TEETH
• Leave an inch or
two to work with
• Slide the floss in
between each
tooth, and move it
up & down against
the tooth.

21. How often should CHILDHow often should CHILD
floss?floss?
Once each day to
remove plaque from in
between the teeth
where the toothbrush
can’t reach.
To keep CHILD teeth functioning properly, parentsTo keep CHILD teeth functioning properly, parents
must take their child to see the dentist regularly.must take their child to see the dentist regularly.

22. SEEING THE DENTIST
•A visual exam.A visual exam.
•X-rays will be taken of all your teeth.X-rays will be taken of all your teeth.
•A Professional CleaningA Professional Cleaning
•Fluoride TreatmentFluoride Treatment

23. A visual examA visual exam
A dentist will look at the teeth, gums and the
way the teeth come together when child bite.
The dentist is looking for tooth decay, gum
disease, mouth sores & whether or not child
might need braces.

24. X-rays will be taken of all the teeth.X-rays will be taken of all the teeth.
These x-rays will show
not only tooth decay, but
the roots of the teeth and
the bone around them.
They will also show any
teeth that have not come
in yet, and any extra
teeth as well.

25. A Professional CleaningA Professional Cleaning
A dental hygienist will remove
any plaque or hard deposits
called calculus from child's
teeth using special
instruments.
The teeth will then be polished
with a special kind of
toothpaste. This will make the
teeth feel smooth and clean.

26. Fluoride TreatmentFluoride Treatment
A flavored gel or foam will
be placed in a soft tray and
Child will be asked to bite
into That tray for a few
minutes.
or…
The fluoride may be painted on the teeth with a small
brush. This is called fluoride varnish.

27. To prevent cavities from forming on theTo prevent cavities from forming on the
chewing surfaces of child permanentchewing surfaces of child permanent
molars, the dentist might recommendmolars, the dentist might recommend
dental sealants.dental sealants.
Sealants are a thin coating of a
plastic-like substance that are
painted on the teeth.
When it hardens, this plastic
coating prevents food and germs
from getting down into the
grooves on the chewing surfaces
of your molars and prevents tooth
decay!

28. The 5 Most Common Dental
Problems in Children
• Lip Sucking
• Early or late Tooth Loss
• Tongue Thrusting
• Thumb Sucking
• Baby Bottle Tooth Decay

29. Baby Bottle Tooth Decay
• prolonged contact with sugary drinks, such as fruit
juices, milk, formula, and sugar water.
• As with all foods, the sugar is broken down by
bacteria in the mouth, producing a by product of
acid.
• The acid then attacks the teeth and strips away the
minerals found in the enamel, causing tooth decay.

30. Early loss of baby teeth couldEarly loss of baby teeth could
cause problemscause problems
• Often baby teeth are lost early as a
result of tooth decay or accidents.
This early loss creates a space.
• This space needs to be saved in
order for the permanent tooth to come
in straight.
The dentist can save the space by
putting in a space maintainer (spacer).
• When the permanent tooth is ready
to come in, the space maintainer is
removed.

31. Late loss of baby teethLate loss of baby teeth
Sometimes permanent teeth
come in before baby teeth
come out.
This can cause teeth to
become crowded and overlap each
other.
Crowded and overlapping teeth can
cause gum disease and tooth decay
because these crowded areas of the
mouth are hard to clean.
If these baby teeth do not
become loose on their own, the
dentist may have to remove them.
The permanent teeth are white,
the baby teeth are gray.

33. References
Babies and Kids Teeth - Dental Health -Babies and Kids Teeth - Dental Health -
American Dental Association [Internet]. [citedAmerican Dental Association [Internet]. [cited
2017 May 17]. Available from:2017 May 17]. Available from:
http://www.mouthhealthy.org/en/babies-and-kidshttp://www.mouthhealthy.org/en/babies-and-kids