This document discusses quantifying workplace experiences using sensors and data analytics. It describes how tracking face-to-face interactions, moods, and other metrics can provide insights about employee productivity, collaboration, and happiness. Sensors can measure factors like noise levels, light, and air quality in offices. Analyzing interaction patterns can predict team performance and discover emerging leaders. Quantified data from badges and mobile phones can help optimize workspace design and resource allocation while giving employees self-tracking tools and recommendations to improve collaboration. The document outlines several prototype applications and shares findings from pilot projects at Bell Labs locations.

1. Fahim Kawsar
Internet of Things Research
Quantified Enterprise: Redefining Future Workplace Experience

2. Active Badge - Xerox | Cambridge U

3. That Privacy Thingy!

5. Happiness Badge - Hitachi

6. Sociometer Badge - MIT

7. Awareness + Collaboration = Productivity

8. Spontaneous Interactions
Key to Flow of Ideas
A third of team performance can be
predicted merely by the number of Face
to Face exchanges among team
members.
The “data signature” of natural leaders
can be discovered.
Daily Productivity and Creativity can be
rightly assessed.

9. Employee Happiness
Key to Customer Happiness
Happy management techniques = happy agents = happy interactions = happy experiences = happy stock price.
Works Harder
Provides Free Marketing
Loyal
Success doesn’t make you happy so
much as happiness makes you more
successful.
Only 25 percent of job success is based
upon IQ. Seventy-five percent is about
how your brain believes your behavior
matters, connects to other people, and
manages stress.
- Shawn Achor
- Blake Morgan

11. Workspace Decoration
Boosts Productivity
The color of an office’s walls, floors,
and furniture creates an overall office
environment that influences how
workers perform, experts feel.
Artificial light disrupts our body’s
circadian rhythms.
Office noise can lead to negative
moods, inability to concentrate on a
task, and even health issues after
prolonged exposure.
Color
Noise
Sunlight

12. “Only of large companies can make meaningful predictions about their workforces,
while can accurately predict business metrics such as budgets, financial
results, and expenses”
4%
90%
- Bersin Research
Employee Survey

13. Quantified Self Quantified Team Quantified Enterprise
People
Analytics
Productivity
Management
Space
Management
People
á
n
Places
7
Activity
Quantified Enterprise
Understand and quantify how people interact and work together
in the real enterprise for personal, group and larger
organization efficiency.

14. • Personal Interaction Reflection
• Personal Network Scale and Diversity
• Personal Time and Activity Management
• Personal Connection Extension
For Employees
• Quantifying Collaboration
• Discover Emerging Leaders
• Build High Performance Team
• Develop Empathic Relationship
For Employers
• Predictive Maintenance
• Better Space Arrangement & Management
• Personalised Space Recommendation
• Better Resource Management
For Building Managers
Implications

15. People Analytics
án
Space Analytics

16. Systems and Models

17. Network Sensing
By observing an individual’s engagement with network annotated with temporal and spatial
information, we can learn and infer behavior.
“Your Noise is my Signal”
Sense
Learn
Act
Share
Small Data
A small set of well selected data gathered with participatory mobile sensing using
experience sampling.
Design Philosophy
Minimal Sensing
Capture environment metrics with minimal sensing infrastructure

18. A Network and Small Data Driven Solution
Small Data
Maps and Sensors
5
EF5
Enterprise Applications
ôQuantified Enterprise
Platform
Advanced Models
and Algorithms
API
Real time, network-based
indoor localization
Location history and vectors are the key, and behaviour models can extract higher order contexts.
• 50x reduction in deployment and management cost
• 30x reduction in energy expenditure of mobile devices

19. Behaviour Modelling
Extracting high order behavioral traits
Location -> Face to Face Interaction
Location -> Personality
F2F Encounter Diversity, Number, Frequency, regularity and Spatial Behaviour are used to extract Big Five
Personality Traits
Location -> Happiness
Spatial Behaviour and Movement Trajectory are used to estimate Physical Activeness and then map to mental
wellbeing (baseline Happiness Index Survey)
This has been used to build connectivity graph and show collaboration intensity in the application.

20. Radio Signal
Capturing
Copresence
Detection
Interaction
Inference
Exploiting Every Day Radio Signals to Detect Human Social Interactions
A network-centric
architecture that captures
existing radio signals (WiFi
probes) from the user’s
device.
Co-location detection based on
similarity of wireless channel
propagation characteristics.
An empirically defined model
grounded upon sociology
theories, by leveraging the size
and duration of the encounter.
Accuracy (Precision)
60%of Encounters Detected
90%
Face to Face Interaction Detection
ACM MUM 2015

21. Interaction Intensity
Interaction Intensity represents the relative exchange between different individuals and captures two aspects
Interaction Frequency: Number of times of Face to Face Interaction.
Interaction Duration: Total Durations of of Face to Face Interaction
A Higher P Value indicates a intense interaction, and a lower P value indicates the reverse
Total Number of Face to Face Interaction
Number of Face to Face Interaction of
Specific Person | Program
Total Duration of a specific Face to Face Interaction
Maximum Duration for a single Face to Face
Interaction across all
P = wai
d + (1 w)ai
f

22. Interaction Diversity
Interaction Diversity represents two aspects
Richness: Number of different individuals a user is engaged with
Evenness: Relative contribution of each individual (program | department) to user’s overall interaction time
H =
X
piln(pi)
Proportion of Interaction Sessions
with User i
A Higher H Value indicates a diverse user who engages with many
users and spends time with them evenly.
A Lower H value indicates a more stable and periodic user who
spend large amount of time with a small number of users.
40 Random Users
As connection increases, diversity
and evenness also increase mostly
but not always.

23. Public Application Experience | Space Analytics
n
Space Analytics

24. • Color
• Noise
• Air Quality
• SunLight
Privacy Exposure
Usefulness
Air Quality
Interaction
Color
Noise
Mood
Activity
Space Metrics
Quantified Enterprise Dashboard
• Mood
• Activity
People Metrics

25. Small Data Driven Engagement

26. Playful Mood Display for Higher Engagement

27. Insights from Quantified BL Dublin and Antwerp Workplaces
540,750
Passively Sensed Data Points
5312
Participatory Inputs
90
Survey Responses and
Interviews
Temporal Dynamics Participatory Data Distribution
Engagement Dynamics27

28. TINY HABITS IN THE GIANT ENTERPRISE
Insights from Quantified BL Dublin and Antwerp Workplaces
3Secrets Revealed
Tiny Habits
Key to Engagement is the
Experience of Inclusion that
translates into tiny habits
over time
Collective
Anonymity
Anonymity and real-time
visualization eases privacy
concerns and increases
participation
Invisible
Metric
Focus on Actionable Metric
that are not perceivable by
naked Human Senses
WPA 2015, UbiComp 2015

29. Personal Application Experience | People Analytics
People Analytics
á

30. Self Quantification @ Workspace

31. Realtime Recommendation to New Contacts

32. Small Data Driven Productivity Measurement with Context Awareness

33. Timeline of Face to Face Interactions

34. Ranking based on Interaction Intensity and Diversity

35. Locating Colleagues and Empty Rooms at Realtime

36. Realtime Recommendation to Spaces for Collaborations

37. Small Data Driven Mood Measurement with Context Awareness

38. Realtime Mood Map of the Workspace

39. Insights from Quantified BL Dublin and Antwerp Workplaces
48
Participants
87
Working Days
2160
Unique Encounters
Interaction Dynamics
Engagement Dynamics

40. Collaboration Uncovered
Insights from Quantified BL Dublin and Antwerp Workplaces
3Secrets Revealed
Its all about
Relationship
Key to Engagement is the
visualization of the
relationship structure
Subtle Hints
Users awareness of their collaboration
nature is crucial, however presentation
needs to subtle but meaningful
Recommend
Opportunities
Users are willing to compromise their
privacy when the value is higher.
Recommendations of right opportunities
are key to create that value
40

41. Claudio Forlivesi Utku Acer
Afra Mashhadi
Fahim Kawsar
Akhil Mathur
Marc Van Den BroeckGeert Vanderhulst Marc Godon
Nic Lane Sourav Bhattacharaya Aidan Boran
Antwerp
Dublin
Who made all of these possible..

42. Thank You
Fahim Kawsar
@raswak
eMail: fahim.kawsar@bell-labs.com