11. 6-قاضي سور بن كعب عن المنقول ومن
الخطاب بن عمر
أنه اختصم إليه امرأتان كان لكل واحدة منهما ولد فانقلبت إحدى المرأتين على أحد الصبيين
فقتلته فادعت كل واحدة منهما الباقي فقال كعب لست بسليمان بن داود ثم دعا بتراب ناعم
ففرشه ثم أمر المرأتين فلوطئتا عليه
ثم مشى الصبي عليه ثم دعا القائف فقال انظر هذه القدا م فألحقه بإحداهما
13. In the 1970s a more powerful test was developed using white
blood cell antigens or Human Leukocyte AntigensHuman Leukocyte Antigens ((HLAHLA)),,
resulting in a test that was able to exclude about 95resulting in a test that was able to exclude about 95
percent of falsely accused fatherspercent of falsely accused fathers.. Several milliliters ofSeveral milliliters of
blood are required to perform the testblood are required to perform the test..
Blood types alone cannot be used to determine who theBlood types alone cannot be used to determine who the
father is, but can be used to determine the biologicalfather is, but can be used to determine the biological
possibility of fatherhoodpossibility of fatherhood..
14. DNA TestsDNA Tests
-DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the genetic material present in
every cell of the human body
-During DNA testing, the genetic characteristic of
the child are compared to those of the mother.
Characteristics that cannot be found in the mother
must have been inherited from the father
DNA paternity testing is the most accurate form of paternity testing possible.
If DNA patterns between the child and the alleged father do not match on
two or more DNA probes, then the alleged father can be totally ruled out. If
the DNA patterns between mother, child, and the alleged father match on
every DNA probe, the likelihood of paternity is 99.9 percent.
16. s o what i s f i ber?
A fiber is the smallest unit of a textile material that has a
length many times greater than its diameter Textile fibers can
be exchanged between two individuals, between an
individual and an object, and between two objects. When
fibers are matched with a specific source (fabric from the
victim, suspect, and/or scene), a value is placed on that
association. This value is dependent on many factors,
including the type of fiber found, the color or variation of
color in the fiber, the number of fibers found, the location of
fibers at the crime scene or on the victim, and the number of
different fibers at the crime scene or on the victim that match
the clothing of the suspect
17. Now we use hair and fiberNow we use hair and fiber
analysis in forenscic medicineanalysis in forenscic medicine
trying to solve the crimetrying to solve the crime
20. NOWWEALSOUSETHEBLOOD INTRYTONOWWEALSOUSETHEBLOOD INTRYTO
KNOWMURDERBYKNOWMURDERBY
Sampling Bloodstains For DNA Profiling
Analysts or investigators will typically soak up pooled
blood, or swab small samples of dried blood in order to
determine if it is human blood and then develop a
DNA profile. This becomes critical when there are
multiple victims. DNA profiling may also indicate
whether the perpetrator was injured during the attack,
as in the case of two DNA profiles found at a scene
with only one known victim.
24. BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL
Legal (Forensic): legal testing is used to identify the presence
of alcohol and to evaluate its presence in the context of a
variety of different laws.
Testing may be ordered to determine, for example, whether:
-A driver has a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) that is over
the legal limit
-An under-age minor has been drinking-
-Alcohol consumption has contributed to an accident
-Post-mortem ethanol testing may be done to determine
whether alcohol contributed to a person's death.
Samples tested for legal purposes may include blood, breath, urine, and/or
saliva. Breath testing is the most common test performed on drivers.
25. What does the test
result mean?
For medical testing, the detection of ethanol in a sample indicates that a
person has likely been drinking, and the concentration present can give an
indication of the degree of intoxication.
For legal testing, results obtained are compared to legal allowable limits.
The table below lists some possible interpretations of blood ethanol results:
Bl ood Et hanol
Res ul t
I nt erpret at i on
Equal t o or above 80
mg/dL (0.08%(
Legal i nt oxi cat i on
i n al l s t at es
80t o 400 mg/dL
(0.08% t o 0.40%(
I ncreas i ng
i mpai rment and
depres s i on of
cent ral nervous s ys t em
l i kel y
Above 400 mg/dL Los s of