2. Table of Contence
Imperfect vs. Preterite
Future vs. Conditional
Por
Para
Por vs. Para
Commands
Present Perfect
Double Object Pronouns
Adverbs
Subjunctive
Se Impersonal
Progressive w/ ir, andar, and suguir
3. Imperfect vs. Preterite
Refers to ONE
A continuous action
specific event or
in the past!
ER/IR time in the past!
AR AR
ia iamos Er/Ir
ab abam
e amos
i imos
a os iais
abas abais ias aste asteis
iste isteis
ab aban ia ian o aron
a io ieron
Ser ver ir
Ser & Ir Dar Hacer
•era •veia •iba
•fui •di •hice •Eras •Veias •Ibas
•Fuiste •Diste •Hiciste' •Era •Veia •Iba
•Fue •Dio •Hizo •Eramos •Veiamos •Ibamos
•Fuimos •Dimos •Hicimos •Erias •Veiais •Ibais
•Fuisteis •Disteis •Hicisteis •eran •veian •iban
•Fueron •dieron •hicieron
4. Future vs. Conditional
What WILL happen in Something will happen
the future “conditionally” (would or
could)
Verb Stem
e emos ia iamos
Change
Decir Dir ias
as
Hacer Har ia ian
a an
Poner Pondr
Salir Saldr
Tener Tendr
venir Vendr
Poder Podr
Querer Querr
Saber Sabr
Valer Valdr
5. Por
to express gratitude
apology
for multiplication
for division
meaning through, along, by or in the area
of.
Regarding exchange (dealing with money
and numbers)
to express a length of time
for means of communication or
transportation
to express cause or reason
6. Para
to indicate destination
to show the use or purpose of a
THING
in order to or for the purpose of
to express a deadline
(paramedics)
7. Por vs. Para
Por
• to express gratitude Para
• apology • to indicate destination
• for multiplication • to show the use or purpose of
• for division a THING
• meaning • in order to or for the purpose
through, along, by or in the of
area of. • to express a deadline
• Regarding exchange (paramedics)
(dealing with money and
numbers)
• to express a length of time
• for means of
communication or
transportation
• to express cause or reason
8. Commands
Tu Affirmative Ud./Uds. Affirmative
•drop the „s‟ •put it in the yo form and change
•Irregulars: the opposite vowel
•Di, haz, ve, pon, sal, se, ten, ven •Irregulars:
•TVDISHES
Tu Negative Ud./ Uds. Negative
•put it in yo form and change the •same as above
to opposite vowel, add an „s‟ •Irregulars
•Irregulars: •TVDISHES
•TVDISHES
Nosotros
•Make same as Ud./Uds.
•Irregulars:
•TVDISHES
•Don‟t forget about. monkey verbs
9. Present Perfect
• Take the past participle and combine it with the auxiliary verbs:
has or have
He Hemos
Has
Ha Han
Drop the infinitive
- Ar add –ado
- Ir add –ido
10. Direct Object Pronouns
Me Me
Le lo = se lo
You Tu Le la = se la
(familiar)
Le los= se los
Le las = se las
Him, her,
it, you
Lo, la, el Les lo = se lo
Les la = se la
Les lo = se los
Us Nos Les las = se las
You all
Os The direct object answer who
(familiar)
or what. The pronoun that
takes place of the direct
Them, you
all (formal)
Los, las object makes the sentence
more simple and easy to say.
11. Adverbs
Adverbs are usually formed by adding the ending –mente to the
singular feminine form of the adjective.
Spanish English
Muy very
Nunca never
Peor Worse
Poco Little
Mal Badly
Mucho A lot
Siempre always
12. Subjunctive
verb Stem change
conducir Condusca
Decir Diga Wish
oir Oiga God and
Emotion
Guesses
dar De
Estar Este
saber Sepa
WEDDING
ser Sea Negotiation
and non- Denial
existing
hacer haya
Es importante que
Impersonal
Es necesario que Doubt
Expression
Es posible que
Es probable ques
Ojala que
13. Se impersonal
•Used to avoid specifying a person who is
doing the action of the verb. To specify as
“you”; :however not you specifically.
14. Progressive w/ Ir, Seguir, andar
•+ando/iendo/yendo
Ir •Slowly but surely _____-ing
•+ando/iendo/yendo
andar •Is going around _____-ing
•+ando/iendo/yendo
Seguir •Is still _____=ing
