3. URBAN RURAL
An urban area is the
region surrounding a
city.
Most inhabitants of
urban areas have
nonagricultural jobs.
Urban areas are very
developed, meaning th
ere is a density of
human structures such
as houses, commercial
buildings, roads,
bridges, and railways.
"Urban area" can refer
to towns, cities, and
suburbs.
An rural area is the
region outside a city.
Most inhabitants of
rural areas have
agricultural jobs.
Rural areas are not
developed, meaning th
ere is less density of
human structures such
as houses, commercial
buildings, roads,
bridges, and railways.
“Rural area" can refer
to villages.
4. Energy
Energy is the power derived from the utilization
of physical or chemical resources, especially to
provide light and heat or to work machines.
5.
6. Energy Demand
In developed countries (besides India) the
amount of energy used is much more compared
to underdeveloped / developing countries.
Industrialized developed countries use energy for
these purposes:
(i) residential and commercial
(ii) industrial
(iii) transportation.
In less-developed countries ( for example India),
most of the energy is used by individuals.
10. Industrial Plants
These
consu
me a
big
portion
of
energy.
Manufacturing accounts for 85% of
industrial energy use. That
includes:
Processing food and materials
like petroleum, iron ore,
bauxite, wood, and other
minerals
Refining oil and gas
Heat treating metal
Assembling cars
11. Industrial energy use also
includes non-
manufacturing activities, like:
Agriculture
Construction
Mining
Water and wastewater treatment
13. Waste Disposal
Using
energy
based
techniqu
es for the
disposal
of huge
amount
of waste.
Incineration-Incineration is a waste
treatment process that involves the
combustion of organic substances
contained in waste
materials.Incineration of waste
materials converts the waste into ash,
flue gas, and heat.
Gasification-Gasification is a process
that converts organic or fossil fuel
based carbonaceous materials into
carbon monoxide, hydrogen and
carbon dioxide. This is achieved by
reacting the material at high
temperatures without combustion, with
a controlled amount of oxygen and/or
14. Prevention & Control
Dependin
g on
energy
based
technologi
es for the
prevention
& control
of air,
water,
thermal &
nuclear
Air Pollution:
1. Carpool.
2. Walk or ride a bicycle.
3. Shop by phone or mail.
4. Ride public transit.
5. Telecommute.
Thermal Pollution:
1. Cooling towers.
2. Cooling ponds.
15. Water Pollution:
1. No rubbish in streams.
2. Use water wisely.
3. Don’t throw chemicals, oils, paints, etc in water.
4. Avoid overuse of chemicals and pesticides.
Nuclear Pollution:
1. Follow safety measures.
2. Leakage be checked regularly.
