The document provides an overview of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and its impact on food and livelihood security of farmers. It discusses the genesis, objectives, key features and stakeholders of MGNREGA. It also summarizes various studies that have examined MGNREGA's performance at the national and state level, convergence with other programs, and impact on outcomes like rural employment, income, migration, assets, and food security. Case studies on MGNREGA implementation in different states and districts are also reviewed.

2. SEMINAR-I
ON
2
Impact of mGNREGa oN food aNd
LIvELIhood SEcuRIty of faRmERS
By:
RAMACHARI K.V.
I Ph.D

3. fLow of pRESENtatIoN
• Introduction
• MGNREGA
• Genesis
• Objectives
• Goals
• Silent features
• Stake holders
• Implementing agencies

4. • Livelihood security & components
• Food security
• Convergence
• Innovative plans under MGNREGA
• MGNREGA performance at national level
• Implementation of MGNREGA in Karnataka
state
• Case studies
• Research studies

5. 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s
National Rural Employment
Programme (NREP) launched
to use unemployed and
underemployed workers to
build community assets
Employment Assurance
Scheme (EAS) launched to
provide employment during
the lean agriculture period
Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar
Yojana (SGRY) launched
,merging EAS and JGSY
Rural Landless Employment
Guarantee Programme
(RLEGP)launched to provide
employment to rural landless
household
Jawahar Gram Samridhi
Yojana (JGSY) launched ;
dedicated to development of
demand driven rural
infrastructure
National Food For Work
Programme (NFWP)
Llaunched to generate
additional supplementary
wage employment and create
assets
Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY)
launched combining NREP and
RLEGP
source: shruti

6. mGNREGa
• Act
• 100days
• Financial year
• Households
• Manual work

7. GENESIS of mGNREGa
• september7,2005
• SGRY & NFWP
• Anantapur
• 200 districts of India

8. Cont…….
Implemented in three phases-
I phase- 200 districts in 2006
II phase- 130 districts in 2007
III phase- 266 districts in 2008
• september 28,2008 .
• on October 2,2009.

9. Cont…..
• Flagship programme
• centrally sponsered
• wage rate
• MoRD
• 33% women

10. WOMEN
46.54%
OTHERS
53.45%
At least 1/3rd of the beneficiaries shall be women who have
registered and requested for work under the Scheme
(NREGA ACT, Schedule II, Section 6) Till March 2013
Source: MoRD

11. objEctIvES of mGNREGa
Source : MGNREGA sameksha

12. mGNREGa GoaLS
a. Strong social safety net
b. Growth engine
c. Empowerment of Rural poor

13. SaLIENt fEatuRES of thE act
1.Job Card
2.15 days of application
3. written application to GP
4. 15 days, daily unemployment allowance as per the Act
5. Within 5 km
6. Wages Act 1948
Continue….

14. continued…..
7. one-third women
8. Work site facilities
9. Shelf of projects , Gram Sabha
10. 50% of GP for execution
11. Permissible works
12.60:40 wage and material ratio
13. No contractors and machinery
14. Social Audit by (GS)
15. Accidents at work site

15. KEy pRocESSES of ImpLEmENtatIoN
Application for job card
Issue of job card
Demand for employment
Work allocation
Payment of wages
Selection of works
Approval of shelf of
projects
Informing village PRI
Preparation of estimates
And approvals
Acknowledgement of
demand
Maintenance of muster roll
Verification
Source : MGNREGA

16. StaKEhoLdERS
Key Stakeholders are:
I. Wage seekers
II. Gram Sabha
III. PRIs, specially the gram panchayat
IV. Programme Officer at the block level
V. District Programme Coordinator
VI. State Government
VII. Ministry of Rural Development
Source : nrega.gov

17. IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
The Gram Panchayat
The other Implementing Agencies are
(1) Taluka Panchayat
(2)District Panchayats
(3) line departments of the Government
(4)Cooperative Societies
(5) CSO Source: nrega. gov

18. 1%
8%
6%
9%
16%
13%
3%
16%
27%
Flood Control and Protection
Water Conservation and Water
Harvesting
Provision of Irrigation facility to
Land Owned by SC/ST/BPL/ IAY
Beneficiaries
Rural Connectivity
Land Development
Others
Drought Proofing (Afforestation
& Plantation)
Micro Irrigation Works
Renovation of Traditional Water
bodies
PErMISSIbLE workS
Source :MoRD

19. LIvELIhood SECurITy
• Livelihood is having means for living.
• having access to means of living.
• “means of securing the necessities of life”.
• In social science, we define livelihood security in a
broader way.
(wisner, blaike, and cannon, 2005,p.11)

20. • Livelihood is a set of activities (mahajan, dikshit,
and rao,2008,p.15)
• According to food and agriculture
organization(FAO) .
• Economic security , nutritional security, health
security, food security, educational security,
habitat security, community participation ,
environmental security , etc.

21. Livelihood here include the following aspects
1. the assets people draw upon.
2. the strategies they develop to make living.
3. the context within which a livelihood is
developed.
4. those factors that make a livelihood more or less
vulnerable to shocks and stresses.
Source : livelihood report

22. CoMPoNENTS of LIvELIhood
Human capital
Physical capital
Social capital
Financial capital
Political capital
Source : USAID

23. food SECurITy
• The state having reliable access to sufficient
quantity of affordable , nutritious food
• Food security has three components-
1.Availability of food in the market
2.Access to food through purchasing power
3. Absorption of food in the body
Source :USAID

24. CoNvErGENCE
• Convergence of the NREGA funds with funds from other sources.
• Funds available with PRIs from other sources from central and
State Governments funds can also be combine with NREGA funds .
• However, NREGA funds should not be used as a substitute for
Departmental plan funds of different departments and agencies.
Source : MGNAREGA sameksha

25. So huge potential exists for MGNREGA convergence with agriculture and
allied programmes such as:
• National Horticulture Mission
• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
• National Food Security Mission
25

26. NATIoNAL horTICuLTurE MISSIoN
Plantation corps, arecanut ,coconut
Bamboo planting
Reclamation of saline and alkaline soils.
Establishment of model nurseries.
Development of Horticulture Farms
Development of grass land
Source : MGNREGA samsksha

27. rAShTrIyA krIShI vIkAS yojANA
Water shed development
Plantation of Date Palm, Jetropha and Sandal
Treatment of saline and water logged areas
Checking salinity in coastal areas
Land development of hilly area
Source : MGNREGA sameksha

28. NATIoNAL food SECurITy MISSIoN
• Increase production of rice, wheat and pulses through
area expansion and productivity enhancement in a
sustainable manner in the identified districts
• Restoring soil fertility and productivity at the individual
farm level
• Creation of employment opportunities; and enhancing
farm level economy ( i.e. farm profits) to restore
confidence amongst the farmers.
Source :MGNREGA sameksha

29. INNovATIvE PLANS uNdEr
MGNrEGA
• Brick manufacturing & soak pits
• NREGA through Sakthi Mandal
• Inclusion of wage earners living on the periphery of urban
areas under NREGA
• Voluntary support of CSO for Capacity Building of
Stakeholders.
Mgnarega sameksha

30. MGNrEGA’S PErforMANCE
• First, data from the administrative MIS is
presented on key parameters .
• Secondly, since there are several aspects of
the implementation of this Act which cannot
be truly captured in terms of measurable
indicators.

31. Source: MGNREGA Sameksha

32. Source: MGNREGA Sameksha

33. ImplementatIon of mGnReGa In
KaRnataKa State

34. Physical Performance Indicators of MGNREGA in Karnataka,
2006-07 to 2012-13

35. Financial Performance of MGNREGA in Karnataka, 2006-07 to
2012-13

36. Category-wise Number of Works Started and Completed under
MGNREGA
During 2006-07 to 2012-13 in Karnataka

37. Notified and Average Wage Cost Per Day Per Person
under MGNREGA in
Karnataka, 2006-07 to 2012-13 (in `)

38. Source : MoRD

39. SUCCESS STORY OF MGNREGA

40. CaSe StUDIeS

41.  As a piolt, toilets were taken up in mission mode.
 Generating awareness (IEC)
 Intensive campaign- Rallies, street plays and Nari swabhiman Yatra
 300 students went to door to door
 MGNREGA with NBA
 MGNREGA with Agriculture Department
 50 compost units, 20 vermi-compost for each GP
 5640 compost and 1413 vermi-compost
 MGNREGA with NABARD
 MGNREGA with Forest Department
CASE STUDY – Barabanki District (UP)
ENSURING DIGNITY OF WOMENENSURING DIGNITY OF WOMEN

42.  Kurapartivaripalle (GP)
 Yerravaripalem (mandal)
 Ambedkar colony
 34 poorest of poor provided 45 ha
 Revenue Department
 Land was full of shrubs and boulders
 Land has been left for years
 Land has been cleared(5.15lakh)
CASE STUDY – Chittor District (AP)
MAINSTREAMING THE MARGINALIZED

43.  Mango samplings planted
 Indira Jala Prabha – Bore well
 MGNREGA convergence with NABARD
 AP micro irrigation project(11 lakh)
 Inter cropping – Ground nut, tomatoes, millets
 1st
year , 8000-10000 income
 Erragutta block has become model block

45.  Low productivity (uplands)
 “Apna khet , Apna kam”
 Taken up the work on their own land
 Wages provided
 Land development measure include
 Land leveling
 Bunding and planting of live fence
 Spreading of productive soil in the field from water sources
 Budget allocated 1.5 lakh/beneficiaries
State government’s Efforts to promote Livelihood of
the poor: Example of Bhilwara (Rajasthan)

46. RESEARCH STUDIES

47. Impact of National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme in India on Rural Poverty
and Food Security
KAREMULLA et al..
2013
AP, MP, CHATTISGARH & ODISA
Sample size n=240

49. 1. Use of NREGA Wage Earnings by the rural households:
Purpose Guntur Bhuvaneshwar Balaghat Raipur
Food security 42 37 60 35
Education 20 22 8 5
Health 15 12 20 7
Debt repayment 10 12 2 8
House construction 3 8 0 13
Purchase household
assets
7 5 0 5
Clothing 5 9 6 12
Purchased land 7 1 0 3
Savings 5 7 3 13

50. IMPACT OF EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ON
LIVELIHOOD SECURITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE
MGNREGA IN J&K.
Sameer Ahmad Shalla
Dr. Asif Iqbal Fazili
2015
Kupwara & poonch
Descriptive
Sample size n=180

51. 1.Impact on employment
District Years Employment
provided to
households
Mandays created
kupwara 2012-2013 36691 20lakh and 30thousands
2013-2014 40934 20lakh and 70thousands
2014-2015 58000 21lakh and 34thousands
Poonch 2012-2013 >41000 20lakh and 80thousands
2013-2014 40000 20lakh and 12 thousands
2014-2015 12000 9lakh

52. 2.Access to marginalised groups
District Years Employment to women
Kupwara 2012-2013 37000
2013-2014 38569
2014-2015 32243
Employment to Sc & St
Poonch 2012-2013 >53000
2013-2014 53360

53. SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MGNREGA –A CASE
STUDY UNDERTAKEN AMONG BENEFICIARIES OF
20 VILLAGES OF DUNGARPUR DISTRICT OF
RAJASTHAN
Dr. suman pamecha
Indu sharma
2015
Sample size n=200

54. 1.Share of MGNREGA Income in Annual Income

56. Impact of NREGA on Rural Livelihood and
Agricultural Capital Formation
Rama Rao
2010
AP, KA,RAJ & MAHARASHTRA
Sample size n=240

57. 1.Type of NREGA Works
SWC works Anantapu
r
Bellary Udaipur Yevatmal
Water consevation / harvesting 56 3 8 19
Drought proofing and plantation 3 3 3 32
Micro and minor irrigation works 1 5 - -
Provision of irrigation facilities 4 62 7 -
Renovation of traditional water
bodies
3 1 5 32
Land development 29 5 39 1
Rural connectivity 3 12 13 6
Flood control and others 0 9 25 10

58. 2. Employment provided across the states(2010-11)

59. 3.Impact of NREGA on degree of migration

60. 4.Household income v/s NREGA earnings

61. Soil and Water Conservation Works through National
Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) in
Tumkur — An Analysis of Livelihood Impact
K. Srinivas Reddy
2011
Sample size n=100

62. 1.Utilization of NREGA earnings
Purpose Percentage of Household
Food 64
Health 36
Education 25
House construction 17
Debt repayment 15
Clothing 7
Purchase of land 14
Savings 10

63. 2.Change in household asset / aminity
status after NREGA
HOUSEHOLD ASSET BEFORE NREGA (in %) AFTER NREGA(in %)
Electricity 34 64
Television 12 54
Fan 14 41
Bicycle 17 37
Toilet with premises 4 23
Drinking water within
premises
3 19

64. conclusion