Non-optical devices play an important role in helping people with low vision. They improve functional vision and are cheaper than optical devices. Examples include devices that increase illumination, contrast, size of text, and assist with tasks like reading, writing, medication management, and mobility. Training in techniques like eccentric viewing and scanning can also help low vision patients make better use of their remaining vision.
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Low vision non optical devices
1. Low vision Non optical
Devices
Raju Kaiti, M. Optom
Consultant Optometrist, NEH
2. Non-optical devices
Play an important role in the successful
use of many low vision optical devices.
Uses relative size, illumination, position,
contrast, color, or other sensory inputs
for their effects.
4. Non-optical devices
Helpful in increasing
Illumination level
Contrast
Physical comfort
Makes things easier to see by modifying
their color, contrast, shape,size and
position
5. Non-optical devices
Non optical devices=Assistive Technology
Piece of equipment, product, system or software
used to
Increase, maintain or improve functional capabilities of
individuals with sight loss
6. Types of nonoptical devices
Relative size and larger assistive devices
Glare, contrast, and lighting control devices
Posture and comfort mentinance devices
Handwriting and written communication
devices
Medical management devices
Orientation and mobility management
techniques and devices
Sensory subsitution devices
7. Relative size and larger assistive
devices
Large print materials = best example
E.g. enlarged photocopy materials and
computer printouts of large font size
Can make large print easily using
photocopies
Keep in mind margins, spacing and type
style
Arial narrow
Double line spacing
18 font size
10. Pros and Cons
Advantages:
Cosmesis-the individual is able to read looking like a
person with normal vision
Disadvantages:
Books are too heavy and bulky and therefore difficult to
hold for long hours
Less available
11. Glare, contrast and light control
Contrast is important in enhancing functional vision
Patients with low contrast VA will complain about reading bills and
medicine labels etc
Increasing illumination level will easily enhance contrast
Illumination
Wall attached lamp/ over head reading lamp
Incandescent light – 60 W (longer wavelength- more
Halogen light – high intensity
Fluorescent light – 11W , blue spectrum
Neodymium bulb – 30% less UV & 20-28% less infrared than
incandescent bulb
Shades
Tennis shades, caps, hats, side-shields, visors
13. Glare, contrast and light control
Different eye conditions require different lighting level
Patients with RP require higher illumunation-
recommend them to use flashlight
Glaucoma and cataract produce glare-patients
benefit from different tinted lenses to control glare,
or a peaked cap roduces greater visual comfort
Albinism requires controlled or indirect lightings-
proper seating arrangements against direct sun or
use of curtains will help in lighting control
14. Glare, contrast and light control
Filters
Reduce glare, enhance contrast & reduce
adaptation time
NOIR-
photophobia and glare
absorb UV (200-400nm) near infrared
( 800-1400nm)
Younger protective lens
Filter UV and short wavelength blue light
18. Glare, contrast and light control
Anti-reflective coatings
3.87 – 5.32% of light lost at each surface
Single layer – multiple layer
Higher the index – greater need of
antireflective coatings
Materials – metallic chlorides and fluorides,
metals such as lithium sodium and alkaline
earth metals like magnesium.
19. Glare, contrast and light control
Mirror coatings
Reduce transmittance by absorption & reflection
Typoscopes
Reduce unwanted glare from surface
Pinholes
Pinholes reduce blur circle- in media opacities,
corneal involvements, cataracts
Stenopaic slits
Placed horizontally
Control illumination
21. Color and contrast
Adjustment of appropriate color and contrast
around the working environment
Wall and ceiling color
Furniture and decorating materials
Color the wall root, railing and staircase
Door and windows knob and handle
Kitchen vase and vessels
Edges of the staircase
Bed sheet, curtain, pillow cover and table cover
Floor color – non-skid
25. Posture and comfort maintenance
Reading devices require closer reading
distances
Patients need to bend to maintain close
diatance
Causes discomfort and stress
Adjustable reading stand recommended
26. Posture and comfort maintenance
Reading racks, book stand, lap desks,
copy holders
Reading stand
Material tilt 45- 70 degrees of the vertical.
High powered stand magnifier- if appropriate
tilting, improve legibility and reduce fatigue
Telescopes
ring stand, head band
28. Hand writing and written communication
Signature guide
Check guides
Reading guide
Letter writers
Bold felt-tip pens and
3B pencils (Boldness
increases contrast and
makes reading easier)
Type of paper used
Bold line paper
Large print typewriters
29. Non optical devices
Reading lamp
Reading stand
Writing guide
Reading guide
Signature guide
Bold line note books and papers
Black ink bold tip pens
Soft lead pencil – 2B,4B,6B
Needle threader
Notex etc...
Black cards with rectangular cut outs horizontally along the card
The patient can feel the empty cut out spaces and write
30. Notex
It is a rectangular piece of cardboard with
steps on top right corner which helps in
identifying the currency of the note
1st cut indicates Rs. 500, 2nd cut indicates
Rs.100, 3rd cut indicates Rs 50 and so on.
It is a rectangular piece of cardboard with steps on top
right corner which helps in identifying the currency of the
note
1st cut indicates Rs. 500, 2nd cut indicates Rs.100, 3rd cut
indicates Rs 50 and so on.
31. Devices for reading
Reading materials with enlarged and high contrast print
Typoscopes (reading guides)
Fixed reading stand
Adjustable reading stand
Illuminated reading stand
An enlarged and high contrast calculator
A talking calculator
A talking dictionary
Talking books
Tape recorders
Reading materials in braille
Tactile cards
32. Medical management
Monitoring blood glucose
Large print syringe
Syringe with magnifiers ( optical device)
Preset dosage
Pre-filled syringes- filled with clicking sounds
Comparing the color chart for urine moist strip using
plane white background and good illumination
Monitoring blood pressure
Readout sphygmomanometers for hearing problems
Monitoring temperatures
Large readout thermometers and talking thermometer
33. O & M management
Orientation is using the remaining senses to establish
one’s location in one’s environment
Mobility is an art of moving from one place to another
independently, safely and gracefully
Mobility cane- cost effective and easily available
Foldings and unfolding models
Cane is a safe mobility device and universal techniques
used.
34. O & M management
Sighted guide
Canes
long cane, folding and collapsible canes
Dog guides
Electronic travel aids
Pathsounder
Sonic Pathfinder
Laser cane
Mowat sensor
Nightscope
Night vision devices
38. Others for DLS
Concave mirror- shaving
Needle threader
Iron in a wooden box
Easy say stop – level of liquid
Flash torch light
Buttons of different colors
Ropes for plating and unplating hair
Notex – notes identifier
Different size of currencies- by tactile / grouping
Umbrella
39. Devices for recreation
Enlarged Ludo
An enlarged chess set
An enlarged high contrast set of playing cards
Enlarged and colorful footballs
An enlarged and high contrast carrom board
with large and bright colored goals
A TV with and enlarged screen and bright
colors
40. Trainings
Eccentric viewing training
The voluntary use of an extra foveal locus or
loci for fixation with the goal of improving the
visibility of the target viewed.
Some learn on their own while others do not,
need to be trained.
Scanning and tracking training
41. Relative size and larger assistive devices
Large print
Books, magazines, newspaper, dictionaries,
thesauri, atlas, cookbooks, encyclopedias, bibles
Photocopy machines ( e.g. A4 size to A3 size)
Computer with large prints font
Computer software program
Large print typewriters
Others
Telephone dial, bank checks, watches, clocks,
calculators etc
Games like cross word puzzles, playing cards, chess
checkers, bingo etc.
5/20/2014APPROACH & ASSESMENT OF LVC-CME 80
“Visually disabled are not fallen souls”
“Positive attitude towards them will make them
socially amicable, psychologically adjustable and
educationally sound”
The unlimited opportunities and experiences
extended to them will make them physically fit
mentally alert and totally independent in the
community