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THREE BASIC RENAL PROCESSES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
BASIC RENAL PROCESSES 04/08/10 GF TR TA Urine Excreted Efferent Arteriole Afferent Arteriole Glomerulus Kidney Tubule Peritubular Capillary www.freelivedoctor.com
Glomerular Filtration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Forces Involved in Glomerular Filtration 04/08/10 Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure + 55 Plasma Colloid  Osmotic Pressure - 30 15 10 Bowman’s Capsule Hydrostatic Pressure  - Net Filtration Pressure + www.freelivedoctor.com
Tubular Reabsorption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Tubular Reabsorption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Tubular Reabsorption is a Function of the Epithelial Cells Making up the Tubule 04/08/10 Lumen Plasma Cells www.freelivedoctor.com
Sodium Reabsorption 04/08/10 Lumen Plasma Cells PUMP: Na/K ATPase Sodium Potassium Chloride Water www.freelivedoctor.com
Rennin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Rennin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 04/08/10 Fall in NaCl, extracellular fluid volume, arterial blood pressure Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Renin Liver Angiotensin + Angiotensin Angiotensin Aldosterone Lungs Converting Enzyme Adrenal Cortex Increased Sodium Reabsorption Helps Correct www.freelivedoctor.com
DIURETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Glucose and Amino Acids are reabsorbed by secondary active transport ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
GLUCOSE REABSORPTION HAS A TUBULAR MAXIMUM 04/08/10 Renal threshold (300mg/100 ml) Plasma Concentration of Glucose Glucose Reabsorbed mg/min Filtered  Excreted Reabsorbed www.freelivedoctor.com
Tubular Secretion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Potassium Secretion 04/08/10 Lumen Plasma Cells PUMP: Na/K ATPase Sodium Potassium Chloride Water www.freelivedoctor.com
DUAL CONTROL OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION 04/08/10 Fall in sodium ECF Volume Blood Pressure Increased  Plasma Potassium Increased Aldosterone secretion Increased Tubular Potassium Secretion Increased Urinary Potassium Secretion Increased Tubular Sodium Reabsorption Fall in Urinary Sodium Excretion www.freelivedoctor.com
Reabsorption in Proximal Tubule (Summary)  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Secretion in Proximal Tubule (Summary) ,[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Reabsorption in Distal Tubule (Summary) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Secretion in Distal Tubule (Summary) ,[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Collecting Duct (Summary) ,[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
REGULATION OF URINE CONCENTRATION ,[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Medullary countercurrent system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Descending limb ,[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Ascending limb ,[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
COUNTERCURRENT MAKES THE OSMOTIC GRADIENT 04/08/10 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1200 From  Proximal Tubule To Distal Tubule Cortex Medulla 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1200 100 250 400 550 700 850 1000 1000 Active Sodium Transport Passive Water Transport Long Loop of Henle www.freelivedoctor.com
THE OSMOTIC GRADIENT CONCENTRATES THE URINE WHEN VASOPRESSIN (ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE [ADH]) IS PRESENT 04/08/10 From  Distal Tubule Cortex Medulla 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1200 300 400 550 700 850 1000 1100 1200 Interstitial Fluid Collecting Duct Pores Open Passive Water Flow www.freelivedoctor.com
WHEN VASOPRESSIN (ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE [ADH]) IS ABSENT A DILUTE URINE IS PRODUCE 04/08/10 From  Distal Tubule Cortex Medulla 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1200 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Interstitial Fluid Collecting Duct Pores Closed No Water Flow Out of Duct www.freelivedoctor.com
Renal Failure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
THE URINARY BLADDER STORES THE URINE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com
Reflex and Voluntary Control of Micturition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],04/08/10 www.freelivedoctor.com

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Basic Processes Of Kidney

  • 1.
  • 2. BASIC RENAL PROCESSES 04/08/10 GF TR TA Urine Excreted Efferent Arteriole Afferent Arteriole Glomerulus Kidney Tubule Peritubular Capillary www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 3.
  • 4. Forces Involved in Glomerular Filtration 04/08/10 Glomerular Capillary Blood Pressure + 55 Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure - 30 15 10 Bowman’s Capsule Hydrostatic Pressure - Net Filtration Pressure + www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Tubular Reabsorption is a Function of the Epithelial Cells Making up the Tubule 04/08/10 Lumen Plasma Cells www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 8. Sodium Reabsorption 04/08/10 Lumen Plasma Cells PUMP: Na/K ATPase Sodium Potassium Chloride Water www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 9.
  • 10. Rennin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 04/08/10 Fall in NaCl, extracellular fluid volume, arterial blood pressure Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Renin Liver Angiotensin + Angiotensin Angiotensin Aldosterone Lungs Converting Enzyme Adrenal Cortex Increased Sodium Reabsorption Helps Correct www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. GLUCOSE REABSORPTION HAS A TUBULAR MAXIMUM 04/08/10 Renal threshold (300mg/100 ml) Plasma Concentration of Glucose Glucose Reabsorbed mg/min Filtered Excreted Reabsorbed www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 14.
  • 15. Potassium Secretion 04/08/10 Lumen Plasma Cells PUMP: Na/K ATPase Sodium Potassium Chloride Water www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 16. DUAL CONTROL OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION 04/08/10 Fall in sodium ECF Volume Blood Pressure Increased Plasma Potassium Increased Aldosterone secretion Increased Tubular Potassium Secretion Increased Urinary Potassium Secretion Increased Tubular Sodium Reabsorption Fall in Urinary Sodium Excretion www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. COUNTERCURRENT MAKES THE OSMOTIC GRADIENT 04/08/10 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1200 From Proximal Tubule To Distal Tubule Cortex Medulla 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1200 100 250 400 550 700 850 1000 1000 Active Sodium Transport Passive Water Transport Long Loop of Henle www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 27. THE OSMOTIC GRADIENT CONCENTRATES THE URINE WHEN VASOPRESSIN (ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE [ADH]) IS PRESENT 04/08/10 From Distal Tubule Cortex Medulla 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1200 300 400 550 700 850 1000 1100 1200 Interstitial Fluid Collecting Duct Pores Open Passive Water Flow www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 28. WHEN VASOPRESSIN (ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE [ADH]) IS ABSENT A DILUTE URINE IS PRODUCE 04/08/10 From Distal Tubule Cortex Medulla 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1200 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Interstitial Fluid Collecting Duct Pores Closed No Water Flow Out of Duct www.freelivedoctor.com
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.