UNDERSTANDING INTERNETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE and its Business Implications, Ch no 5 of CISM.

1. UNDERSTANDING
INTERNETWORKING
INFRASTRUCTURE

2. Introduction

3. Scope & Sequence
1. Basic components of
Internetworking Infrastructures
Maj Shahzad
2. Basic components of
Internetworking Infrastructures
Kamran
Arshad
3. Future of IT Saud Tariq
4. IT Infrastructure of NADRA
& The Project MGM
Maj Manzar

4. Part 1
Major Shahzad

5. 1. How does IT influence the customer
experience?
2. Does IT enable or retard growth?
3. Does IT favorably affect productivity?
4. Does IT advance organizational innovation
and learning?
5. How well is IS run?
Critical Questions for IT

8. 1872 War Dept. synoptic map

9. Surface station coverage:
evolution

10. an internetwork
World
Weather
Watch
• Planned early 1960s
• Operational 1968
• Modern form of the
world’s oldest and best
developed global digital
data infrastructure
Paul N. Edwards

12. 12
1980’s
• PC released
• People moved jobs to computers
• No longer needed staff for computing/data
processing
• LANs allowed people to share files, printers etc.
• IT services provided over distributed servers

13. 13
1990’s
• Internet boom
• TCP/IP provided robust standard for messages
between all computers on web
• Network resources available to individuals

14. Graph of Moore’s Law

15. The Evolution of Corporate IT Infrastructure

16. 16
A Graphical Representation of Metcalfe s
Law

17. The Bandwidth Explosion
2001+ True voice-over-IP telephony, high resolution Internet
television, music and movies on demand, virtual
workplaces, broadband wireless.
1999-2000 Live audio and video streaming events, digital
commerce, Internet radio and television, voice chat
applications.
Streaming audio and video, advanced e-commerce, live
stock quotes, 1,000 MBps.
1997-1998 Mass WWW adoption, graphic intensive, instant
messaging.
1996-1997 Mass e-mail adoption, basic WWW sites.
1994-1996 Large file transfer, e-mail.
1990-1994 File transfer.
1960-1990 Increasing Network Bandwidth

18. The IT architecture of an
e-business

19. Corporate Telecommunications System
Understanding Internetworking Infrastructure

20. Part 2
Kamran arshad

21. fundamental components of Internetworking
Infrastructures

22. Core Technologies Key Management Issues
Network Fiber optics, cable systems, DSL, satellite,
wireless, Internetworking hardware
(routers, switches, firewalls), content
delivery software, identity and policy
management, net monitoring.
 How to select technologies & standards
 How to select partners
 How to manage partner relationships
 How to assure reliability
 How to maintain security
Processing
Systems
Transaction software (enterprise systems
offered by companies such as SAP or
Oracle; or more targeted
solutions offered by companies such as
Trilogy an d i2), servers, server
appliances, client devices (PCs, hand
held)
 What to keep internal and what to Outsource.
 How to deploy, grow, and modify.
 Enterprise system or best-of-breed hybrid?
 Relationships with legacies.
 How to manage incidents.
 How to recover after a disaster.
Facilities Corporate data centers, collocation data
centers, managed services data centers,
data closets
 Internal or external management?
 Choosing a facilities model suited to your
company.
 How to assure reliability.
 How to maintain security.
Fundamental components of Internetworking
Infrastructures

23. • Local Area Networks
• Hubs, Switches, and Network Adapters
• Wide Area Networks
• Routers
• Firewalls and other security systems and
devices.
• Caching, content acceleration, and other
specialized network devices.
The Technological Elements of Networks

24. A simple lan

25. An example of wan

26. • Client devices and systems
• Server devices and systems
• Mainframe devices and systems
• Middleware
• Infrastructure management systems
• Business applications
The Technological Elements of Processing Systems

27. Types of Client/Server Computing

28. Servers in a Typical E-Commerce Configuration

29. • Buildings and physical spaces
• Network conduits and connections
• Power
• Environmental controls
• Security
Technological Elements of Facilities

30. A Modern Data Center

31. • Internetworking technologies are based on open
standards.
• Internetworking technologies operate
asynchronously.
• Internetwork communications have inherent latency.
• Internetworking technologies are naturally
decentralized.
• Internetworking technologies are scalable.
Operational Characteristics of Internetworks

32. Term Definition
Bandwidth The maximum rate at which information can
be transmitted along a communication link.
Bit Smallest unit of information handled by
computers
Bits per second or
bps
Bandwidth measurement unit
Bandwidth Rates Bit equivalent Information Transfer
speed
1 kilobit (Kb) 1 thousand bits 1,000 bits/ second
1 megabit (Mb) 1 million bits 1,000,000/ second
1 gigabit (Gb) 1 billion bits 1,000,000,000/
second
Measuring network bandwidth

33. Communication technology bandwidth and user
groups

34. The Rise of Internetworking:
Business Implications

35. • Better Data, Better Decisions
• Improved Process Visibility
• Improved Process Efficiency
• From Make-and-Sell to Sense-and-Respond
• Network becomes a computer
• Quicker realization of economic value
The Emergence of Real-Time Infrastructure (Cont……)

36. Broader Exposure to Operational Threats
• Rapid Fire Progression(prone to malfunctions)
• Effective Disaster Recovery
• Internetworking Technologies Allows Access
• Computer Security Problems have progressed to Highest Levels
New models of Services of Delivery
• Standardization and Technology Advances - Specialization in Value
Chain, Economy of scales & Higher service levels
• Strong Partners & Managing Relationships are Vital to Reliable
service delivery
• Integration of New Models to all of company’s Infrastructure
Managing Legacies
• Fitting Infrastructure into Complex Organizations – Uncertain
outcomes
• Processes, Complexity and Cultures are more significant legacies

37. Date Target Coy Results of Attack
07 Yahoo Overwhelming spike in traffic that lasted 3hours.
Network availability dropped from 98% to 0%.
Attack originated from 50 different locations and was timed to
occur during middle of business day.
Stock was down 3.2% for week in which NASDAQ rose almost 3%.
08 Buy.com Attack occurred within 1 hr of the coy’s Initial Public Offering.
Stock was down at weeks end more than 20% from IPO price.
Ebay Stock was down 7.3% for week in which NASDAQ rose almost 3%.
CNN.com Service disrupted.
09 E*TRADE Attacked during peak trading hours.
Stock was down 7.6% for week in which NASDAQ rose almost 3%.
ZDNet Service disrupted.
18 FBI Service disrupted.
24 National
Discount
Brokers
Group
Attacked during peak trading hours.
Operators accidentally crashed site as they attempted to defend
against the attack.
Denial of Service Attacks in February 2000

38. E-Commerce – Lessons Learnt
There are many definitions for E-commerce. Examples:
“The electronic exchange of information goods, services
and payments”
but underneath the surface E-commerce is also:
…the digitization of information
...Internetworking of human ingenuity creating a new socio-
economic transformation
…propelled by BRAINS instead of BRAWN
…driven off by both technology push and business pull
…the foundation of a new economic order
Nations need to identify clusters for industrial
development and reposition themselves to be at the
centre of the virtual marketspace…

39. E-Commerce Reduces Transaction Costs
“Transaction costs represent more than 50% of the activities within the US
economy. Transaction activities are defined as defining, protecting, and enforcing
property rights to goods (the right to use, the right to derive income from the use
of, the right to exclude, and the right to exchange.”
- Douglass North, US-economist and Nobel laureate
E-commerce reduces
transaction costs !
8.0
1.0
Airline
Tickets
1.08
0.54
0.13
2.22 to 3.32
0.54
0.13
400-700
200-350
15.00
5.00
0.20-0.50
Banking Bill
Payment
Term Life
Insurance
Software
Distribution
US$ per transaction
Traditional System
Telephone based
Internet based

40. The Destruction Of The Vertically Integrated Value
Chain
Integrated monolithic
Vertical value chain
Domain:
Closed
Proprietary
Network
Multiple product specialists
collaborating within an e-business
community, creation of alliances
Domain:
The Internet
CHANGE
These Companies can deliver products
and services at a much lower cost and
utilising fewer assets !

41. New Infomediaries –
“Hollowing-Out”
Physical Economy
‘Marketplace’
Product
e.g. Pakistani
Consumers
e.g. Pakistani
intermediaries
Digital Economy
‘Marketspace’
$$$
Foreign/Pakistani
Consumers
Multi Products
Infomediaries:
Portals, Search Engines, Communities
Gateways, Call/Service Centers
Information
Customisation
Fulfillment
Multiple Sources

42. A Service Centric Model
Infomediary leverages information by “BUYING at the point of LEAST
COST and SELLING to the point of HIGHEST PRICE”
INFOMEDIARY operating under the
VIRTUAL VALUE CHAIN
PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
(i) Telecommunications
(ii) Integrated Global Logistics
Supplier A
Country 1
Manufacturer B
Country 2
Designer C
Country 3
Distributor D
Country 2
Customer E
Country 4
Utilize :
1.Infrastructure to arbitrage
cost, skills, productivity,
taxes, etc. across multiple
jurisdictions
2. Network and information
3. Channels of distribution

43. E-Commerce Implications In Context Of Globalisation
United States
of America
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
Japan
United Kingdom
Germany
Singapore
Ireland
India
Malaysia
Pakistan
1. First-mover enjoys entrenched
position as ‘lock-in’ increases
switching costs
2. There will winners and losers
in Knowledge Age
3. Government
interventionist policies are
needed to correct for market
imperfections
4. Capital will gravitate towards a few ‘hubs’
which have developed a critical mass of users
and producers
E-Business may be used to circumvent non-tariff barriers & gain
access to the protected service sectors of emerging economies.

44. Dispute Resolution
PAKISTANI
LEGAL
SYSTEM
New System
Jurisdiction of dispute in
Courts
Choice of law
Pakistan’s Law
Evidence Act
REFJA (Reciprocal Enforcements
of foreign Judgement Act)
REFJA is not enforceable in some
major trading partners
Evidence
electronic document
Choice of law
foreign or local?
Jurisdiction of dispute
Local or foreign court?
Existing System
The nature of E-Commerce causes existing laws not able to cover the
resolution process especially in cross border issues

45. Part 3
Saud tariq

46. The Future of Internetworking
Infrastructure

47. Challenges of E-Businesses in Paradigm Shift of
IT
• Well Defined
• How we transport information within the networks.
• How we access network resources.
• Not Fully Developed/ Not defined
• How companies will engage with each other in real
time transactions.
• Negotiating the terms of transactions.
• Establish business linkages.
• Settle accounts depends on standards and
technologies.

48. Some Possible Examples
• Virtual Business
• The ease of doing business online has created a
boom in new businesses, or start-ups, is called
a virtual business.
• Vocational schools, universities, colleges, and
community centers offer technical training or
degrees for people interested in expanding their
technology skills.
• Technology skills will make you very attractive to
an employer.

49. E-commerce
• Electronic commerce, or e-commerce,
has made it possible for businesses to
directly reach customers anywhere in the
world.
• The main activity of e-commerce is buying
and selling goods and services.

50. E-tail
• E-tail is electronic retail.
• An e-tail business sells products over the
Internet.
• Any company can go online to sell any
product.
• A multi-channel retailer uses several means
to sell products.
• Putting catalogs on the Internet rather than
shipping them by mail saves a lot of money in
printing and mailing costs

51. e-ticketing
• Using their computers, people can now
purchase e-tickets, or electronic tickets.
• Some people find purchasing an e-ticket is
easier and cheaper than visiting an actual
ticket agency

52. Video Conferencing
(face to face transactions)

53. Whole house control

54. Part 4
Major raja manzar

55. National Database And Registration
Authority (NADRA)
Information Systems
(IT Infrastructure Presentation)

56. Information Systems
(NADRA)

57. Information System related Powers
 Multipurpose Databases
 Data Warehouses
 Networking
 Interfacing of Databases and Related Facilities
 Information Sharing

58. National Information Infrastructure (NII)
• Country wide data communication network
• E-Governance
• Automated fingered identification system
• Mutual Interfacing
• User and feeder Agencies

59. Information Technology Fundamentals
• Software
• Hardware
• Network
• Databases

60. Hardware
• Computer Accessories
• Camera
• Thumb Digitizer
• Signature Scanner
• Form Scanner
• Switch
• Printer
• LEDs
• Speaker
• Mini Frame
• Data Storage - Depositories
• Satellite
• Fiber Optic
• Web Server
• Printing Facility
• Billing Machines
• RFIDs
• BIO Metric Sensors/ Detectors

61. Software
• Microsoft Windows 2000 Advance Server
• FTRC Application
• SQL Server
• Perl Language
• PDMS-Urdu Font
• CRM Applications
• Online Verification Applications

62. Network
NSRC PRI RHQ
Filter
FTP Islamabad FTP Multan
Daily Reports
& other
Important
Documents
1.Batches
2. CRM Files
3.Daily Reports
Reverse Population
Data
Islamabad
Server
Using Dialup
Using Satellite

63. PKN
KWL
VHR
KVL
MCN
SQB
RYK
Multan
BWP
SWL
RHQ
Multan
PKN
KWL
LHR 2
NRV
PAT
GUW
GUJ
QSR
LHR 1
SWL
RHQ
Lahore
PKN
KWL
VHR
KVL
RWP II
MUR
AJK
CHK
ISL
RWP I
HQ
Islamabad
Connected with Satellite

64. Databases
• Modes/ Types of Data
– English
– Urdu/ Sindhi
– Numeric
– Date & Time Stamps
– Images
– Wavelet Sequential Query (WSQ)
– Facial Recognition

65. Databases
• Technologies
–TeraData (Both in Urdu & English)
–Oracle
–SQL Server
• Capacities
–At NDWH
• 1500 TB (60%) Extendible
–At Each NSRC
• Server Contains 5 X 40 GB HDD

66. Main Databases
• Fast Track Registration Centre (FTRC)
• FTRC - Backup
• Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

67. Security
• Fire walls.
• Anti Virus.
• Encrypted Data.
• Secure Socket layer (Safe Zone).
• Login Dependent Access.

68. 68
In The Context of IT
Infrastructure
being a Business Venture

69. 69
 1896 Built as a guest house by Nawab of Bwp.
 1910 Sold to the Gardezi Family.
 1920 Leased to British Army for use as an officers
club.
 1947 Taken over by Pak Army and continued to be
used as officers club.
 1995 Neglected building was on the verge of
demolition.
 1996 Re-designation as Multan Garrison Mess.
 2010 Major renovation & extension was planned.
 2010 The unit took over the responsibility on 17
Jun. 69
INTRODUCTION

70. MGM project (multan)
• Why Need for IT system was felt
• Keeping/ updating data of members.
• Billing errors.
• Stock accountability.
• Staff record.
• Daily attendance.
• Financial transactions.
• Assets records.

71. MGM features
• Restaurant / Dinning halls.
• Marriage / Parties Halls.
• Out Door Marriage Marquise.
• Sports Complex (swimming, Gym, Squash,
Lawn tennis etc).
• Guest rooms.
• Cinema.
• Garrison Official Functions.
• Tambola etc.

72. IT Features
• One Software covering all Issues separately developed
by Edu Soft, Multan.
– LAN was established.
– 5 stations working at all venues.
– Main server was placed in office.
– Only Secretary had access to data checking / amendments.
– All old ledgers etc were shifted on Software.
– Routers for all members / rooms.
– Later all stations were linked on routers due to line breakages.
– Security Cameras features have been enhanced now on same
software.
– Bio metric machines are in process (to be used through same
software.

73. 1. Recognize that E-Commerce will transform the
national/global economic landscape and the
emergence of new breed of companies providing
services in the e-space.
2. The borderless nature of E-Commerce will expose
to the impacts of liberalization and globalization and
it is imperative for nations to be e-ready.
3. The need to focus and develop skills in knowledge
intensive areas required by global markets e.g. EC
Tax advisors, Lawyers etc.
4. Clear policy framework required to create climate
for growth of ICT sector.
Conclusion