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swine-flu-and-bird-flu-180616112123.pptx
1.
2. Bird flu
⢠also called avian influenza, is a viral infection
that infect birds.
⢠H5N1 is the most common form of bird flu.
⢠Itâs deadly to birds and can easily affect
humans and other animals that come in
contact with a carrier.
⢠range of responses from almost no signs of
the disease to very high mortality.
⢠The incubation period ( 3 to 7 days).
3. Mode of transmission
⢠Direct or indirect contact with infected live or
dead poultry.
⢠No evidence â cooked food.
⢠No human to human transmission.
⢠But mutation â human to human transmission.
⢠Host :
Usually chickens, ducks, and turkeys.
⢠Environmental :
Usually winter, Overcrowding.
4.
5. Symptoms
⢠High grade fever >38 deg. C
⢠Cough/sore throat
⢠Diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, chest
pain and bleeding from nose and gum.
ď Complications :
1. Hypoxemia
2. Multiple organ dysfunction
3. Secondary bacterial and fungal infections
8. Management
⢠General and supportive treatment
⢠Hospitalize and isolate
⢠Monitor vital signs
⢠Maintain ABC
⢠Maintain hydration, electrolyte and nutrition
⢠Oxygen
⢠Fever - Paracetamol
9. Treatment
⢠Oseltamivir â 75mg BD for 5 days
⢠After discharge â infection control
precautions â 7 days
⢠For children less than 12 years â
21 days
10. Chemoprophylaxis
⢠Neuraminidase inhibitors :
A. Oseltamivir
B. Amantadine derivatives
C. Amantadine and Rimantadine
⢠Above 1 year :
A. 5 mg/kg/ day (max 150 mg) in two divided
doses â up to 9 years
B. Above that 100 mg bd daily 5- 8 weeks
11. Prevention and control
⢠Early detection and management
⢠Containment of transmission
⢠Decrease social disruption and economic loss
ď What if human to human transmission occurs???
ďźSocial distancing â closure of schools and other
institutions â avoid social gathering
ďźIf large geographical area involved â restriction of
travel and trading
12. Prevention and control
ď What if a human case suspected???
ďźSamples â with in 72 hours of illness â within 24
hours to laboratory
ďźChemoprophylaxis
ď What if human case is confirmed???
ďźIsolation of case in a designated hospital
ďźChemoprophylaxis for contacts and health care
workers
ďźStrict infection control policies in Hospital
13. Recommendations
⢠Cover the nose/mouth when coughing or
sneezing
⢠Perform hand hygiene if contact respiratory
secretions and contaminated objects
⢠Put on a surgical mask
⢠Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette
⢠Use tissue paper to contain respiratory
secretions and dispose in the waste receptacle
14. Swine flu
⢠Swine flu is a respiratory disease caused by
Type A influenza viruses that infect the
respiratory tract of pigs.
⢠The H1N1 is said to be a new strain of virus
that is mostly a combination of human
influenza, swine and avian.
15. Mode of transmission
⢠H1N1 virus can generally be spread through
airborne of droplet transmission.
⢠A person with swine flu can be contagious
when he coughs, sneezes, or produce droplets
that may land on another personâs open
surfaces, such as the eyes, nose, or mouth.
⢠Improper handling and cooking of pork
products from swine infested with the H1N1
virus can also be a way to get the illness.
16.
17. Symptoms
⢠The symptoms of swine flu in people are
similar to the symptoms of regular human flu.
⢠fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, runny
nose, headache, chills and fatigue.
⢠Diarrhea and vomiting, but more manifested
by children.
⢠Rare cases, progression to pneumonia and
respiratory failure, leading to death.
18.
19. Risk factors
⢠Average age increasing Median age 12 â 17 for illness.
⢠Risk factors contributing to:
⢠Serious case :
1. Cardiovascular
2. Respiratory
3. Diabetes
4. Cancer
⢠Severe case :
1. Asthma and other respiratory disease
2. Obesity
3. Pregnancy
20. Diagnosis
⢠To swine influenza A infection, a respiratory
specimen would generally need to be
collected within the first 4 to 5 days of illness.
⢠However, some persons, especially children,
may shed virus for 10 days or longer.
⢠Identification as a swine flu influenza A.
⢠virus requires sending the specimen to a
hospital laboratory for testing.
21. Prevention
⢠Follow precautions for seasonal influenza to
control spread of disease.
⢠Vaccine approved by US FDA.
⢠Priority for vaccination is :
1. Health care workers / pediatric care givers
2. Pregnant women
3. Schools (staff and students)
4. Under age 65 with risk factors
22. Prevention
⢠Wash hands regularly.
⢠Avoid contact with infected person.
⢠Always use a face mask
⢠Keep yourself isolated from people with
possible symptoms of flu.
⢠Avoid visiting places with higher possibility of
transmission.
23.
24. Treatment
⢠oseltamivir (TamifluŽ) or
⢠zanamivir (RelenzaŽ) for the treatment
and/or prevention of swine flu infection.
⢠Ayurvedic treatments : Septilin.
⢠Some vaccines available like Squalene
(Side effects: Autism)
25. Treatment
⢠Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills,
liquid or an inhaler) that fight against the flu by
keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your
body.
⢠If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your
illness milder and make you feel better faster.
They may also prevent serious flu complications.
⢠For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if
started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of
symptoms).