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आलू की उन्नत खेती
Dr. Rahul Dev
Scientist (Senior Scale)
E mail: rahul2iari@gmail.com
09426548740
ICAR-VIVEKANANDA PARVATIYA KRISHI ANUSANDHAN SANSTHAN
ALMORA, UTTARAKHAND
• Potato, the most important and widely
consumed food in the World.
• It cultivated in 23 states of India. Uttar
Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, and
Gujarat are India’s major potato producing
states.
• They are a high source of starch, vitamins,
especially C and B1 and minerals.
• Potato cultivation is the best source of good
earning. It helps to achieve a high income and
make farming businesses successful.
NWH Regions
Area
(000ha)
Production
(000t)
Productivity
(MT/ha)
Average (NWH) 245.67 4027.21 16.39
Average (NEH) 563.98 5928.64 10.51
National 10259.12 184394.28 17.97
Status of Vegetable in NW & NE
Himalayan (2018)
Source: National Horticulture Board, 2018
Status of Vegetable in NW Himalayan
Source: National Horticulture Board, 2018
States
Area
(000ha)
Production
(000t)
Productivity
(MT/ha)
UK 100.06 989.41 9.89
HP 89.32 1811.78 20.28
J&K 56.29 1226.02 21.78
NWH 245.67 4027.21 16.39
National 10259.12 184394.28 17.97
Regions Area (000ha) Production (000t)
Productivity
(MT/ha)
Arunachal
Pradesh 2.58 16.58 6.43
Assam 300.17 3292.88 10.97
Manipur 45.30 342.11 7.55
Meghalaya 49.11 519.67 10.58
Mizoram 36.25 171.01 4.72
Nagaland 46.21 561.61 12.15
Sikkim 38.42 229.10 5.96
Tripura 45.94 795.68 17.32
Average
(NEH) 563.98 5928.64 10.51
Status of Vegetable in Himalayan state
 Non availability of quality seed:
Very limited improved varieties are available
Seed production chain is neglected
Poor vegetable productivity in Hills (Less than it’s potential)
 Major share of vegetable seed comes from private sectors and they
do not concentrate to hills due to low seed volume as compared to
plains. (like temperate vegetables, long day onion & garlic, local
Vegetables etc).
 Vegetable seed production in hills is not so practicable.
 Climatic conditions in hilly regions are varying in nature, therefore
wide adoption of the technology is major problem.
 Water availability is negligible for irrigation purposes.
 Marketing is another problem especially in perishable vegetables.
Major constraints in vegetables
Approach
 Development of climate resilient high yielding varieties and
hybrids specific to region.
 Establishment of proper seed production chain in Himalayan
states.
 Since climatic conditions in hilly regions are varying in nature,
therefore validation/ refinement of the technologies has to be
done.
 Water harvesting approach has to be practiced to increase
irrigation facility.
 Cluster approach has to be followed to attract marketing
channel to the region.
NEH
Regions
Potato Tomato
Area
(000ha)
Prod.
(000t)
Prod.
T/ha
Area
(000ha)
Prod.
(000t)
Prod.
T/ha
NWH 47.36 671.06 14.17 2343.01 53190.38 22.70
NEH 153.93 1209.31 7.86 53.99 1205.24 22.32
National 2141.72 51310.01 23.96 789.15 19759.32 25.04
Potato
Non-availability of quality
planting materials
Poor technical know-how
Late blight of potato
Brown rot
Hill agriculture has some inherent constraints of remoteness and
inaccessibility, marginality and fragility in terms of moisture stress and the
poor soil conditions and a short growing season. Added to these are socio-
economic constraints such as small holdings, poor productivity, poor
production management, labour shortages, poor post-production
management, poor marketing and networks (lack of market HILL
AGRICULTURE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 37
development) and lack of entrepreneurship. All these have led to under-
utilisation of resource bases in the hills and limited generation of surpluses.
The Constraints of Hill Agriculture
Crop Land Scarcity and Water
Scarcity
While 37 per cent of the cropland is sloping land of
various degrees and the Himalayan farmers are even
cropping sloping lands beyond 25 and 30 degrees (Partap,
1999).
परिचय
vkyw ¼lksysue V~;wcsjksle½ Hkkjro’kZ esa mxk;h tkus okyh ,d
egRoiw.kZ udnh Qly gSA vkyw dh [ksrh gekjs ns'k esa yxHkx 2134
gtkj gSDVs;j esa dh tkrh gS ftlls vkyw dk dqy mRiknu yxHkx 43770
gtkj Vu izkIr gksrk gSA bldh vkSlr mRikndrk yxHkx 205 dqUry izfr
gSDVs;j gSA mRiknu dh n`f’V ls Hkkjr esa rhljs LFkku ij ¼pkoy ,oa
xsgw¡ ds ckn½ jgus okyh ;g lCth Qly Hkkjr ds mRrj&if”peh ioZrh;
{ks=ksa esa Hkh ,d egRoiw.kZ Qly ds :Ik esa mxkbZ tkrh gSA bldk
mi;ksx yxHkx lHkh O;atuksa esa gksus ds dkj.k bls ^lfCt;ksa dk
jktk^ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g dkcksZgkbMªsV dk eq[; lzksr gS rFkk
lkFk gh dqN ek=k esa izksVhu o [kfut&yo.k Hkh ik;s tkrs gSaA
बढ़ती आबादी क
े क
ु पोषण एवं भुखमिी से बचाने में एक मात्र यही फसल
मददगाि है।
खेत का चयन
 vkyw dh [ksrh ds fy, nkseV o cyqbZ nkseV
feV~Vh] ftlesa thoka”k dh izpqj ek=k gks
rFkk ty fudkl dk mfpr çca/ku gks] mi;qä
gksrh gSA e`nk dk ih-,p- eku 6 ls 7 ds chp
gksuk pkfg,A loZizFke [ksr dh xgjh tqrkbZ
dj feV~Vh vPNh rjg ls HkqjHkqjh cuk ysa
vkSj [ksr lery dj yssaA
[ksr dh rS;kjh
 ट्रैक्टि चाललत लमट्टी पलट्ने वाले लिस्क प्लाउ या एम.बी. प्लाउ से
एक जुताई किने क
े बाद लिस्क हैिो किने क
े बाद कल्टी वेट्ि एक
बाि किने क
े बाद खेत आलू की िोपनी योग्य तैयाि हो जाता है।
 खि-पतवाि से मुक्ति क
े ललए जुताई से एक सप्ताह पूवव िाउंि अप
नामक तृणनाशी दवा लजसमें ग्लायफोसेट् नामक िसायन (42
प्रलतशत) पाया जाता है उसका प्रलत लीट्ि पानी में 2.5 (अढ़ाई) लमली
लीट्ि दवा का घोल बनाकि लिड़काव किने से फसल लगने क
े बाद
खि-पतवाि में काफी कमी हो जाती है।

vuqeksfnr mUUkr iztkfr;k¡
 dqQjh T;ksfr
 Hkkd`vuqi&dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku laLFkku] f”keyk }kjk ;g iztkfr 1968 esa
fodflr dh x;h gSA bldh lCth tYnh id tkrh gS vkSj idus ij bldk jax ugha cnyrk gSA
bl iztkfr dh ckgjh lrg fpduh gksrh gS ,oa blds Qwyksa dk jax lQsn gksrk gSA
T;knk cM+k gksus ij blds danks esa njkj vk tkrh gSA
 ifjiDork vof/k& e/;e ¼110 ls 120 fnu ioZrh; {ks= gsrq½
 vkSlr mit & 250 ls 300 dq-@gSDVs;j ¼5 ls 6 dq-
@ukyh½
 jksxjks/kh {kerk &vxsrh ,oa iNsrh >qylk jksx ds fy,
izfrjks/khA bldh izfrjks/kd {kerk vo{kh.kZ gks x;h gSA
dqQjh fxfjjkt
 ;g iztkfr Hkkd`vuqi&dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku laLFkku]
f”keyk }kjk 1998 esa fodflr dh x;h gSA bl iztkfr dh ckgjh
lrg fpduh gksrh gS ,oa blds Qwyksa dk jax yky&cSxuh
gksrk gSA bldh lCth tYnh id tkrh gS vkSj idus ds ckn bldk
jax ugha cnyrk gSA
 ifjiDork vof/k& e/;e ¼110 ls 120 fnu ioZrh; {ks= gsrq½
 vkSlr mit & 200 ls 250 dq-@gSDVs;j ¼4 ls 5 dq-
@ukyh½
 jksxjks/kh {kerk&iNsrh >qylk jksx gsrq izfrjks/khA
dqQjh “kSytk
 vuqeksfnr {ks= & mRrj Hkkjr ioZrh; {ks=
 izeq[k fo”ks’krk& Hkkd`vuqi&dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku laLFkku]
f”keyk }kjk ;g iztkfr 2005 esa fodflr dh x;h gSA bldh lCth tYnh id tkrh
gS vkSj idus ij bldk jax ugha cnyrk gSA bl iztkfr dh ckgjh lrg fpduh
gksrh gS] blds Qwyksa dk jax xgjk yky&cSxuh gksrk gSA
 ifjiDork vof/k& e/;e ¼110 ls 120 fnu ioZrh; {ks= gsrq½
 vkSlr mit &300 ls 350 dq-@gSDVs;j ¼6 ls 7 dq-@ukyh½
 jksxjks/kh {kerk & iNsrh >qylk jksx ds fy, izfrjks/khA
dqQjh fgekfyuh
 vuqeksfnr {ks=& mRrj Hkkjr ioZrh; {ks=
 izeq[k fo”ks’krk &;g iztkfr Hkkd`vuqi&dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku
laLFkku] f”keyk }kjk 2006 esa fodflr dh x;h gSA bl iztkfr dh ckgjh lrg
fpduh gksrh gSA blds Qwyksa dk jax gYdk yky&cSxuh gksrk gSA
bldh lCth tYnh id tkrh gS vkSj idus ij bldk jax ugha cnyrk gSA
 ifjiDork vof/k& e/;e ¼110 ls 120 fnu ioZrh; {ks= gsrq½
 vkSlr mit & 300 ls 350 dq-@gSDVs;j ¼6 ls 7 dq-@ukyh½
 jksxjks/kh {kerk& iNsrh >qylk jksx ds fy, izfrjks/khA
dqQjh fxj/kkjh
 vuqeksfnr {ks= & Hkkjrh; ioZrh; {ks=
 izeq[k fo”ks’krk &dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku laLFkku] f”keyk }kjk
;g iztkfr 2008 esa fodflr dh x;h gSA bldh lCth tYnh id tkrh gS
vkSj idus ij bldk jax ugha cnyrk gSA bl iztkfr dh ckgjh lrg fpduh
gksrh gS] blds Qwyksa dk jax lQsn gksrk gSA bldh Hk.Mkj.k
{kerk vU; iztkfr;ksa dh rqyuk esa vPNh gksrh gSA
 ifjiDork vof/k& e/;e ¼110 ls 120 fnu ioZrh; {ks= gsrq½
 vkSlr mit & 300 ls 350 dq-@gSDVs;j ¼6 ls 7 dq-@ukyh½
 jksxjks/kh {kerk &iNsrh >qylk jksx gsrq izfrjks/kh rFkk bldh
izfrjks/kd {kerk cgqr vPNh gSA
cqokbZ dk le; ,oa cht nj
 ioZrh; {ks=ksa eas vkyw dh cqokbZ dk mfpr le; fnlacj ls tuojh@Qjojh
vkSj vf/kd ÅapkbZ ¼2000 ehVj ls T;knk½ okys {ks=ksa gsrq
vçSy&ebZ ekg gSA drkj ls drkj dh nwjh 50&60 lseh- o ikS/k ls ikS/k
dh nwjh 20 lseh- j[krs gq, [ksr dh <yku dh vksj esM+ cukdj 30 ls 40
xzke otu okys vkyw@ dVs gq, vkyw ftlesa de ls de nks LoLFk vk¡[kas
gksA cqokbZ gsrq izfr gSDVs;j 2500&3000 fdxzk- ¼50 ls 60 fdxzk-
@ukyh½ vkyw ds dUn dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA
 cqokbZ ls iwoZ vkyw dks 0-25 izfr'kr ,fjVkWu@VkQklku ¼6%
ejD;wjh½ ds ?kksy ls 2 feuV ds fy, mipkfjr djuk pkfg,A dVs gq, vkyw
dks 0-5 izfr'kr Mk;Fksu ,e&45] ;k dSIVku @ 0-2 izfr'kr ds ?kksy es 10
feuV gsrq j[kuk Hkh izHkkoh ik;k x;k gSA
cht mipkj
असली आलू बीज
 'असली आलू क
े बीज' का उपयोग किक
े बीज क
ं दों की लागत औि वायिस िोग
क
े प्रसाि को बहुत कम लकया जा सकता है। क
ें द्रीय आलू अनुसंधान संस्थान द्वािा
लवकलसत संकि अथावत एचपीएस 1/13, एचपीएस 11/13 औि एचपीएस 24/111
आलू क
े सच्चे बीज उत्पादन क
े ललए उपयुि हैं। बीजों को अन्य सक्तियों की तिह
नसविी बेि में उगाया जाता है औि बुवाई क
े 30 लदन बाद िोपाई की जाती है। एक
हेक्टेयि फसल उगाने क
े ललए 100 ग्राम बीज की मात्रा की आवश्यकता होती है।
[kkn ,oa moZjd
 vkyw ds fy, xkscj dh lM+h [kkn 20&25 Vu o 150 fdxzk- u=tu]
125 fdxzk- QkWLQksjl ,oa 125 fdxzk- iksVk”k izfr gSDVs;j
¼xkscj dh lM+h [kkn 4&5 dqUry o 3 fdxzk- u=tu] 2-5 fdxzk-
QkWLQksjl ,oa 2-5 fdxzk- iksVk”k izfr ukyh½ dh nj ls Mkyuk
pkfg,A QkWLQksjl] iksVk”k dh iwjh ek=k vkSj u=tu dh vk/kh
ek=k feykdj cqokbZ ls igys [ksr esa MkysA “ks’k u=tu dh ek=k
vkyw esa feV~Vh p<+krs le; Mky nsaA
flapkbZ ,oa vUr%lL; fØ;k,¡
 [ksr dh ueh dks ns[krs gq, cqokbZ ds yxHkx ,d lIrkg
ckn gYdh flapkbZ djuh pkfg, o ckn esa 10 fnuksa ds
vUrjky ls flapkbZ djuh pkfg,A cqokbZ ds yxHkx ,d
eghus ckn fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ dj vPNh rjg esM+ p<+k
nsa rkfd vkyw Åij fn[kkbZ u nsa] ugha rks vkyw gjk
gks tkrk gSA [kqnkbZ ds yxHkx 15 fnu iwoZ flapkbZ
cUn dj nsuh pkfg,A
[kqnkbZ
 vkyw ges”kk ifjiDo gksus ds ckn [kksnus dk dk;Z djsa]
blls mldk Hk.Mkj.k vPNk gksrk gSA blds fy, [kqnkbZ ls
15 fnu iwoZ flapkbZ cUn dj vkyw dk Åijh ruk dkV nas]
ftlls dhM+s ugha yxrs gSa vkSj vkyw dk fNydk Hkh l[r
gks tkrk gSA rRi'pkr~ gh [kqnkbZ dk dk;Z djasA
 अगेती प्रजातत : 200 - 250 क
ु न्तल / हेक्टेयर
 पछे ती प्रजातत : 300 - 350 क
ु न्तल / हेक्टेयर
उपज
Qly lqj{kk &jksx ,oa dhV
izcU/ku
 vxsrh >qylk ;k vxsrh vaxekjh jksx% ;g e`nk tfur jksx gSA
ifRr;ksa ij NksVs&NksVs fc[kjs gq, gYds Hkwjs /kCcs curs
gSaA 'kq’d ekSle esa /kCcksa ds dqN dM+s rFkk dBksj gks
tkus ls ifRr;k¡ ,saB tkrh gSa rFkk ue ekSle esa ;g /kCcs vkil
esa feydj xfyr {ks= ds :i es fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA jksx dh
voLFkk mxz gksus ij izHkkfor ifRr;k¡ fxj tkrh gSaA jksxh
ikS/kksa esa dUn dk vkdkj ,oa la[;k ?kV tkrh gSaA dUn
cksus ds djhc 3&4 lIrkg ls gh jksx fn[kuk vkjEHk gks tkrk
gSA
 izca/ku% ikS/kksa ij jksx ds y{k.k fn[kkbZ nsus ij dkij
vkDlhDyksjkbM 2-5 xzke izfr yhVj ikuh ds nj ls 10&15
fnuksa ds vUrjky ij 2&3 fNM+dko vko';drk vuqlkj djuk
pkfg,A
iNsrh >qylk ;k iNsrh vaxekjh
jksx%
 ;g jksx ikS/ks ds lHkh Hkkxksa] tSls iRrs] rus vkSj dUn esa
yxrk gSA bl chekjh esa ifRr;ksa ij gYds ihys gjs vfu;fer
vkdkj ds /kCcs curs gSa tks ueh dh vf/kdrk gksus ij
vfr'kh/kzrk ls c<+rs gSa vkSj chp ls dkys ;k Hkwjs gksrs
gSaA jksx xzLr vkSj xy jgs ikS/kksa ls ,d izdkj dh nqxZU/k
vkrh gSA feV~Vh esa ncs gq, vkyw ds dUn Hkh 'kh?kzrk ls
jksx xzflr gksrs gSaA
 izca/ku% cht dk p;u lnSo jksx eqDr [ksr ls gh djuk pkfg,A
jksx jks/kh iztkfr;ksa dks cksuk pkfg,A jksx ds y{k.k
fn[kkbZ nsus ij fjMksfey ,e tsM&72 dk 2-0 xzke izfr yhVj
ikuh ds nj ls ?kksydj fNM+dko djuk pkfg,A
thok.kqt Hkwjk foxyu %
 jksx ls xzflr ikS/ks ckSus vkSj dkaL; jax ds gks tkrs gSa
vkSj vUr esa eqj>kdj ej tkrs gSaA ;fn jksxh dUn dks dkVk
tk;] rks laogu caMyksa ds Hkwjs gks tkus ds dkj.k ,d
Hkwjk oy; fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA jksx dh O;kidrk esa dUnksa ij
fLFkr vk¡[k dfydk,¡ dkyh iM+ tkrh gSaA o’kkZ _rq esa
mxk;h tkus okyh vkyw dh Qly esa ;g jksx cgqr O;kid gksrk
gSA
 izca/ku% ;g jksx eq[;r% e`nk tfur gS vr% [ksr esa jksx xzLr
ikS/kksa ds vo'ks’k dks tyk nsuk pkfg, rFkk mfpr Qly pØ
viukuk pkfg,A
vkyw dh frryh%
 ;g vkyw dk lcls ?kkrd dhV gSA xksnke esa lwafM;k¡ lh/ks
vkywvksa esa Nsn cukdj [kkrh gSaA ;s vius ey bUgh
lqjaxksa esa NksM+rs tkrs gS] blls vkyw tYnh lM+us yxrk
gS rFkk xksnkeksa esa nqxZU/k vkus yxrh gSA o;Ld xgjs
Hkwjs jax dh NksVh frryh gksrh gSA [ksr esa v.Mksa ls
fudydj lawfM;k¡ ifRr;ksa esa lqjax cukrs gq;s ruksa rd
igq¡p tkrh gSaA
 izca/ku% vkyw dk HkaMkj.k 'khrx`g esa djsA vkyw ds
vk¡[k esa ;fn dkys /kCcs fn[kkbZ nsa rks mUgsa Uk’V dj
nsuk pkfg,A [kqnkbZ ds ckn vkyw dks [ksrksa esa jkr Hkj
ugha NksM+uk pkfg, vU;Fkk muds o;Ld mu ij v.Ms ns nsrs
gSaA [ksr esa LikbukslkM 45 ,l0lh0 dh 0-3 feyh0 ek=k izfr
yhVj ikuh ds nj ls ?kksydj fNM+dko djsaA vkyw dk cht ds
fy, HkaMkj.k djus ij eSykfFk;ku 5 izfr'kr dk 125 xzke /kwy
dqjeqyk %
 ;g dhV ioZrh; {ks=ksa esa yxHkx lHkh Qlyksa dks gkfu
igq¡pkrk gSA bl dhV dh Øhe jax dk fxMkj vkyw ds tM+
vFkok dUnksa dks dkVdj T;knk gkfu igq¡pkrs gSa] ftlls
lEiw.kZ ikS/kk lw[k tkrk gSA
 izca/ku% izdk'k iziap oh0,y0 dqjeqyk VªSi dk iz;ksx djds
Hk`axksa dks izpqj ek=k esa ,d lkFk ekj ldrs gSaA fxMkj ds
fu;a=.k ds fy;s tSodhVuk'kh thok.kq cSflyl flfj;l LVªsu
MCyw0th0ih0,l0ch0 2] dk 200 xzke ek=k 200 oxZ ehVj
tehu dh nj ls xkscj vFkok dEiksLV dh [kkn esa feykdj nks ;k
rhu lIrkg ds fy, Nk;knkj LFkku esa j[k nsa ,oa vafre tqrkbZ
ds le; [ksr esa leku :i ls fc[ksj nsaA vflafpr {ks=ksa esa
fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ ds le; nkusnkj dhVuk”kh
DyksjsaVªkfuyhizksy 0-4 th dk 500 xzke@200 oxZ ehVj
tehu dh nj ls HkqjHkqjh feV~Vh ;k jk[k esa feykdj [ksr esa
nhed%
 vkyw esa nhed dk izdksi vflafpr {ks=ksa esa vf/kd gksrk
gSA ;g dhV ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa o Hkwfexr rus dks [kk
tkrh gS ftlls ikS/kk lw[k tkrk gS rFkk rus esa feV~Vh Hkjh
feyrh gS lkFk gh lw[ks ikS/kksa dks vklkuh ls fudkyk tk
ldrk gSA izca/ku% ikS/kksa ij jksx ds y{k.k fn[kkbZ nsus ij
dkij vkDlhDyksjkbM 2-5 xzke izfr yhVj ikuh ds nj ls 10&15
fnuksa ds vUrjky ij 2&3 fNM+dko vko';drk vuqlkj djuk
pkfg,A
 izca/ku% nhed ds izcU/ku ds fy, [ksrksa ds vkl&ikl nhed
ds ?kjksa dks u’V dj nsuk pkfg, rFkk [ksrksa esa vPNh izdkj
lM+h gqbZ xkscj dh [kkn gh Ikz;ksx djuk pkfg,A ftu
[ksrksa esa nhed dk izdksi izR;sd lky gksrk gS mUkesa
cqokbZ ls igys [ksr esa fQizksuhy 5 ,l0lh0 uked dhVuk”kh
dh 1-0 feyh0 izfr yhVj ikuh dh nj ls ?kksydj [ksr esa rj
नेमाटोड
 साल दि साल एक ही खेत में आलू उगाने से बचें।
 सक्तियों औि हिी खाद क
े साथ िोट्ेशन का पालन किें।
 काबोफ
ु िन 3 जी (1.0 लकग्रा a.i.) 33 लकग्रा/हेक्टेयि को बुवाई क
े समय
फिो में िालें।
 लसस्ट सूत्रक
ृ लम प्रलतिोधी लकस्म क
ु फिी स्वणव का चयन किे ।
सूत्रक
ृ लम का जैलवक लनयंत्रण
 10 लकग्रा/हेक्टेयि पि
स्यूिोमोनास फ्लोिेसेंस का प्रयोग
नेमाट्ोि आबादी को लनयंलत्रत
किेगा।
Thank you

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Scientific potato cultivation.ppt

  • 1. आलू की उन्नत खेती Dr. Rahul Dev Scientist (Senior Scale) E mail: rahul2iari@gmail.com 09426548740 ICAR-VIVEKANANDA PARVATIYA KRISHI ANUSANDHAN SANSTHAN ALMORA, UTTARAKHAND
  • 2. • Potato, the most important and widely consumed food in the World. • It cultivated in 23 states of India. Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, and Gujarat are India’s major potato producing states. • They are a high source of starch, vitamins, especially C and B1 and minerals. • Potato cultivation is the best source of good earning. It helps to achieve a high income and make farming businesses successful.
  • 3. NWH Regions Area (000ha) Production (000t) Productivity (MT/ha) Average (NWH) 245.67 4027.21 16.39 Average (NEH) 563.98 5928.64 10.51 National 10259.12 184394.28 17.97 Status of Vegetable in NW & NE Himalayan (2018) Source: National Horticulture Board, 2018
  • 4. Status of Vegetable in NW Himalayan Source: National Horticulture Board, 2018 States Area (000ha) Production (000t) Productivity (MT/ha) UK 100.06 989.41 9.89 HP 89.32 1811.78 20.28 J&K 56.29 1226.02 21.78 NWH 245.67 4027.21 16.39 National 10259.12 184394.28 17.97
  • 5. Regions Area (000ha) Production (000t) Productivity (MT/ha) Arunachal Pradesh 2.58 16.58 6.43 Assam 300.17 3292.88 10.97 Manipur 45.30 342.11 7.55 Meghalaya 49.11 519.67 10.58 Mizoram 36.25 171.01 4.72 Nagaland 46.21 561.61 12.15 Sikkim 38.42 229.10 5.96 Tripura 45.94 795.68 17.32 Average (NEH) 563.98 5928.64 10.51 Status of Vegetable in Himalayan state
  • 6.  Non availability of quality seed: Very limited improved varieties are available Seed production chain is neglected Poor vegetable productivity in Hills (Less than it’s potential)  Major share of vegetable seed comes from private sectors and they do not concentrate to hills due to low seed volume as compared to plains. (like temperate vegetables, long day onion & garlic, local Vegetables etc).  Vegetable seed production in hills is not so practicable.  Climatic conditions in hilly regions are varying in nature, therefore wide adoption of the technology is major problem.  Water availability is negligible for irrigation purposes.  Marketing is another problem especially in perishable vegetables. Major constraints in vegetables
  • 7. Approach  Development of climate resilient high yielding varieties and hybrids specific to region.  Establishment of proper seed production chain in Himalayan states.  Since climatic conditions in hilly regions are varying in nature, therefore validation/ refinement of the technologies has to be done.  Water harvesting approach has to be practiced to increase irrigation facility.  Cluster approach has to be followed to attract marketing channel to the region.
  • 8. NEH Regions Potato Tomato Area (000ha) Prod. (000t) Prod. T/ha Area (000ha) Prod. (000t) Prod. T/ha NWH 47.36 671.06 14.17 2343.01 53190.38 22.70 NEH 153.93 1209.31 7.86 53.99 1205.24 22.32 National 2141.72 51310.01 23.96 789.15 19759.32 25.04 Potato Non-availability of quality planting materials Poor technical know-how Late blight of potato Brown rot
  • 9. Hill agriculture has some inherent constraints of remoteness and inaccessibility, marginality and fragility in terms of moisture stress and the poor soil conditions and a short growing season. Added to these are socio- economic constraints such as small holdings, poor productivity, poor production management, labour shortages, poor post-production management, poor marketing and networks (lack of market HILL AGRICULTURE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 37 development) and lack of entrepreneurship. All these have led to under- utilisation of resource bases in the hills and limited generation of surpluses. The Constraints of Hill Agriculture
  • 10. Crop Land Scarcity and Water Scarcity While 37 per cent of the cropland is sloping land of various degrees and the Himalayan farmers are even cropping sloping lands beyond 25 and 30 degrees (Partap, 1999).
  • 11. परिचय vkyw ¼lksysue V~;wcsjksle½ Hkkjro’kZ esa mxk;h tkus okyh ,d egRoiw.kZ udnh Qly gSA vkyw dh [ksrh gekjs ns'k esa yxHkx 2134 gtkj gSDVs;j esa dh tkrh gS ftlls vkyw dk dqy mRiknu yxHkx 43770 gtkj Vu izkIr gksrk gSA bldh vkSlr mRikndrk yxHkx 205 dqUry izfr gSDVs;j gSA mRiknu dh n`f’V ls Hkkjr esa rhljs LFkku ij ¼pkoy ,oa xsgw¡ ds ckn½ jgus okyh ;g lCth Qly Hkkjr ds mRrj&if”peh ioZrh; {ks=ksa esa Hkh ,d egRoiw.kZ Qly ds :Ik esa mxkbZ tkrh gSA bldk mi;ksx yxHkx lHkh O;atuksa esa gksus ds dkj.k bls ^lfCt;ksa dk jktk^ Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g dkcksZgkbMªsV dk eq[; lzksr gS rFkk lkFk gh dqN ek=k esa izksVhu o [kfut&yo.k Hkh ik;s tkrs gSaA बढ़ती आबादी क े क ु पोषण एवं भुखमिी से बचाने में एक मात्र यही फसल मददगाि है।
  • 12.
  • 13. खेत का चयन  vkyw dh [ksrh ds fy, nkseV o cyqbZ nkseV feV~Vh] ftlesa thoka”k dh izpqj ek=k gks rFkk ty fudkl dk mfpr çca/ku gks] mi;qä gksrh gSA e`nk dk ih-,p- eku 6 ls 7 ds chp gksuk pkfg,A loZizFke [ksr dh xgjh tqrkbZ dj feV~Vh vPNh rjg ls HkqjHkqjh cuk ysa vkSj [ksr lery dj yssaA
  • 14. [ksr dh rS;kjh  ट्रैक्टि चाललत लमट्टी पलट्ने वाले लिस्क प्लाउ या एम.बी. प्लाउ से एक जुताई किने क े बाद लिस्क हैिो किने क े बाद कल्टी वेट्ि एक बाि किने क े बाद खेत आलू की िोपनी योग्य तैयाि हो जाता है।  खि-पतवाि से मुक्ति क े ललए जुताई से एक सप्ताह पूवव िाउंि अप नामक तृणनाशी दवा लजसमें ग्लायफोसेट् नामक िसायन (42 प्रलतशत) पाया जाता है उसका प्रलत लीट्ि पानी में 2.5 (अढ़ाई) लमली लीट्ि दवा का घोल बनाकि लिड़काव किने से फसल लगने क े बाद खि-पतवाि में काफी कमी हो जाती है। 
  • 15. vuqeksfnr mUUkr iztkfr;k¡  dqQjh T;ksfr  Hkkd`vuqi&dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku laLFkku] f”keyk }kjk ;g iztkfr 1968 esa fodflr dh x;h gSA bldh lCth tYnh id tkrh gS vkSj idus ij bldk jax ugha cnyrk gSA bl iztkfr dh ckgjh lrg fpduh gksrh gS ,oa blds Qwyksa dk jax lQsn gksrk gSA T;knk cM+k gksus ij blds danks esa njkj vk tkrh gSA  ifjiDork vof/k& e/;e ¼110 ls 120 fnu ioZrh; {ks= gsrq½  vkSlr mit & 250 ls 300 dq-@gSDVs;j ¼5 ls 6 dq- @ukyh½  jksxjks/kh {kerk &vxsrh ,oa iNsrh >qylk jksx ds fy, izfrjks/khA bldh izfrjks/kd {kerk vo{kh.kZ gks x;h gSA
  • 16. dqQjh fxfjjkt  ;g iztkfr Hkkd`vuqi&dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku laLFkku] f”keyk }kjk 1998 esa fodflr dh x;h gSA bl iztkfr dh ckgjh lrg fpduh gksrh gS ,oa blds Qwyksa dk jax yky&cSxuh gksrk gSA bldh lCth tYnh id tkrh gS vkSj idus ds ckn bldk jax ugha cnyrk gSA  ifjiDork vof/k& e/;e ¼110 ls 120 fnu ioZrh; {ks= gsrq½  vkSlr mit & 200 ls 250 dq-@gSDVs;j ¼4 ls 5 dq- @ukyh½  jksxjks/kh {kerk&iNsrh >qylk jksx gsrq izfrjks/khA
  • 17. dqQjh “kSytk  vuqeksfnr {ks= & mRrj Hkkjr ioZrh; {ks=  izeq[k fo”ks’krk& Hkkd`vuqi&dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku laLFkku] f”keyk }kjk ;g iztkfr 2005 esa fodflr dh x;h gSA bldh lCth tYnh id tkrh gS vkSj idus ij bldk jax ugha cnyrk gSA bl iztkfr dh ckgjh lrg fpduh gksrh gS] blds Qwyksa dk jax xgjk yky&cSxuh gksrk gSA  ifjiDork vof/k& e/;e ¼110 ls 120 fnu ioZrh; {ks= gsrq½  vkSlr mit &300 ls 350 dq-@gSDVs;j ¼6 ls 7 dq-@ukyh½  jksxjks/kh {kerk & iNsrh >qylk jksx ds fy, izfrjks/khA
  • 18. dqQjh fgekfyuh  vuqeksfnr {ks=& mRrj Hkkjr ioZrh; {ks=  izeq[k fo”ks’krk &;g iztkfr Hkkd`vuqi&dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku laLFkku] f”keyk }kjk 2006 esa fodflr dh x;h gSA bl iztkfr dh ckgjh lrg fpduh gksrh gSA blds Qwyksa dk jax gYdk yky&cSxuh gksrk gSA bldh lCth tYnh id tkrh gS vkSj idus ij bldk jax ugha cnyrk gSA  ifjiDork vof/k& e/;e ¼110 ls 120 fnu ioZrh; {ks= gsrq½  vkSlr mit & 300 ls 350 dq-@gSDVs;j ¼6 ls 7 dq-@ukyh½  jksxjks/kh {kerk& iNsrh >qylk jksx ds fy, izfrjks/khA
  • 19. dqQjh fxj/kkjh  vuqeksfnr {ks= & Hkkjrh; ioZrh; {ks=  izeq[k fo”ks’krk &dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku laLFkku] f”keyk }kjk ;g iztkfr 2008 esa fodflr dh x;h gSA bldh lCth tYnh id tkrh gS vkSj idus ij bldk jax ugha cnyrk gSA bl iztkfr dh ckgjh lrg fpduh gksrh gS] blds Qwyksa dk jax lQsn gksrk gSA bldh Hk.Mkj.k {kerk vU; iztkfr;ksa dh rqyuk esa vPNh gksrh gSA  ifjiDork vof/k& e/;e ¼110 ls 120 fnu ioZrh; {ks= gsrq½  vkSlr mit & 300 ls 350 dq-@gSDVs;j ¼6 ls 7 dq-@ukyh½  jksxjks/kh {kerk &iNsrh >qylk jksx gsrq izfrjks/kh rFkk bldh izfrjks/kd {kerk cgqr vPNh gSA
  • 20. cqokbZ dk le; ,oa cht nj  ioZrh; {ks=ksa eas vkyw dh cqokbZ dk mfpr le; fnlacj ls tuojh@Qjojh vkSj vf/kd ÅapkbZ ¼2000 ehVj ls T;knk½ okys {ks=ksa gsrq vçSy&ebZ ekg gSA drkj ls drkj dh nwjh 50&60 lseh- o ikS/k ls ikS/k dh nwjh 20 lseh- j[krs gq, [ksr dh <yku dh vksj esM+ cukdj 30 ls 40 xzke otu okys vkyw@ dVs gq, vkyw ftlesa de ls de nks LoLFk vk¡[kas gksA cqokbZ gsrq izfr gSDVs;j 2500&3000 fdxzk- ¼50 ls 60 fdxzk- @ukyh½ vkyw ds dUn dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA  cqokbZ ls iwoZ vkyw dks 0-25 izfr'kr ,fjVkWu@VkQklku ¼6% ejD;wjh½ ds ?kksy ls 2 feuV ds fy, mipkfjr djuk pkfg,A dVs gq, vkyw dks 0-5 izfr'kr Mk;Fksu ,e&45] ;k dSIVku @ 0-2 izfr'kr ds ?kksy es 10 feuV gsrq j[kuk Hkh izHkkoh ik;k x;k gSA cht mipkj
  • 21. असली आलू बीज  'असली आलू क े बीज' का उपयोग किक े बीज क ं दों की लागत औि वायिस िोग क े प्रसाि को बहुत कम लकया जा सकता है। क ें द्रीय आलू अनुसंधान संस्थान द्वािा लवकलसत संकि अथावत एचपीएस 1/13, एचपीएस 11/13 औि एचपीएस 24/111 आलू क े सच्चे बीज उत्पादन क े ललए उपयुि हैं। बीजों को अन्य सक्तियों की तिह नसविी बेि में उगाया जाता है औि बुवाई क े 30 लदन बाद िोपाई की जाती है। एक हेक्टेयि फसल उगाने क े ललए 100 ग्राम बीज की मात्रा की आवश्यकता होती है।
  • 22. [kkn ,oa moZjd  vkyw ds fy, xkscj dh lM+h [kkn 20&25 Vu o 150 fdxzk- u=tu] 125 fdxzk- QkWLQksjl ,oa 125 fdxzk- iksVk”k izfr gSDVs;j ¼xkscj dh lM+h [kkn 4&5 dqUry o 3 fdxzk- u=tu] 2-5 fdxzk- QkWLQksjl ,oa 2-5 fdxzk- iksVk”k izfr ukyh½ dh nj ls Mkyuk pkfg,A QkWLQksjl] iksVk”k dh iwjh ek=k vkSj u=tu dh vk/kh ek=k feykdj cqokbZ ls igys [ksr esa MkysA “ks’k u=tu dh ek=k vkyw esa feV~Vh p<+krs le; Mky nsaA
  • 23. flapkbZ ,oa vUr%lL; fØ;k,¡  [ksr dh ueh dks ns[krs gq, cqokbZ ds yxHkx ,d lIrkg ckn gYdh flapkbZ djuh pkfg, o ckn esa 10 fnuksa ds vUrjky ls flapkbZ djuh pkfg,A cqokbZ ds yxHkx ,d eghus ckn fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ dj vPNh rjg esM+ p<+k nsa rkfd vkyw Åij fn[kkbZ u nsa] ugha rks vkyw gjk gks tkrk gSA [kqnkbZ ds yxHkx 15 fnu iwoZ flapkbZ cUn dj nsuh pkfg,A
  • 24. [kqnkbZ  vkyw ges”kk ifjiDo gksus ds ckn [kksnus dk dk;Z djsa] blls mldk Hk.Mkj.k vPNk gksrk gSA blds fy, [kqnkbZ ls 15 fnu iwoZ flapkbZ cUn dj vkyw dk Åijh ruk dkV nas] ftlls dhM+s ugha yxrs gSa vkSj vkyw dk fNydk Hkh l[r gks tkrk gSA rRi'pkr~ gh [kqnkbZ dk dk;Z djasA  अगेती प्रजातत : 200 - 250 क ु न्तल / हेक्टेयर  पछे ती प्रजातत : 300 - 350 क ु न्तल / हेक्टेयर उपज
  • 25. Qly lqj{kk &jksx ,oa dhV izcU/ku  vxsrh >qylk ;k vxsrh vaxekjh jksx% ;g e`nk tfur jksx gSA ifRr;ksa ij NksVs&NksVs fc[kjs gq, gYds Hkwjs /kCcs curs gSaA 'kq’d ekSle esa /kCcksa ds dqN dM+s rFkk dBksj gks tkus ls ifRr;k¡ ,saB tkrh gSa rFkk ue ekSle esa ;g /kCcs vkil esa feydj xfyr {ks= ds :i es fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA jksx dh voLFkk mxz gksus ij izHkkfor ifRr;k¡ fxj tkrh gSaA jksxh ikS/kksa esa dUn dk vkdkj ,oa la[;k ?kV tkrh gSaA dUn cksus ds djhc 3&4 lIrkg ls gh jksx fn[kuk vkjEHk gks tkrk gSA  izca/ku% ikS/kksa ij jksx ds y{k.k fn[kkbZ nsus ij dkij vkDlhDyksjkbM 2-5 xzke izfr yhVj ikuh ds nj ls 10&15 fnuksa ds vUrjky ij 2&3 fNM+dko vko';drk vuqlkj djuk pkfg,A
  • 26. iNsrh >qylk ;k iNsrh vaxekjh jksx%  ;g jksx ikS/ks ds lHkh Hkkxksa] tSls iRrs] rus vkSj dUn esa yxrk gSA bl chekjh esa ifRr;ksa ij gYds ihys gjs vfu;fer vkdkj ds /kCcs curs gSa tks ueh dh vf/kdrk gksus ij vfr'kh/kzrk ls c<+rs gSa vkSj chp ls dkys ;k Hkwjs gksrs gSaA jksx xzLr vkSj xy jgs ikS/kksa ls ,d izdkj dh nqxZU/k vkrh gSA feV~Vh esa ncs gq, vkyw ds dUn Hkh 'kh?kzrk ls jksx xzflr gksrs gSaA  izca/ku% cht dk p;u lnSo jksx eqDr [ksr ls gh djuk pkfg,A jksx jks/kh iztkfr;ksa dks cksuk pkfg,A jksx ds y{k.k fn[kkbZ nsus ij fjMksfey ,e tsM&72 dk 2-0 xzke izfr yhVj ikuh ds nj ls ?kksydj fNM+dko djuk pkfg,A
  • 27. thok.kqt Hkwjk foxyu %  jksx ls xzflr ikS/ks ckSus vkSj dkaL; jax ds gks tkrs gSa vkSj vUr esa eqj>kdj ej tkrs gSaA ;fn jksxh dUn dks dkVk tk;] rks laogu caMyksa ds Hkwjs gks tkus ds dkj.k ,d Hkwjk oy; fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA jksx dh O;kidrk esa dUnksa ij fLFkr vk¡[k dfydk,¡ dkyh iM+ tkrh gSaA o’kkZ _rq esa mxk;h tkus okyh vkyw dh Qly esa ;g jksx cgqr O;kid gksrk gSA  izca/ku% ;g jksx eq[;r% e`nk tfur gS vr% [ksr esa jksx xzLr ikS/kksa ds vo'ks’k dks tyk nsuk pkfg, rFkk mfpr Qly pØ viukuk pkfg,A
  • 28. vkyw dh frryh%  ;g vkyw dk lcls ?kkrd dhV gSA xksnke esa lwafM;k¡ lh/ks vkywvksa esa Nsn cukdj [kkrh gSaA ;s vius ey bUgh lqjaxksa esa NksM+rs tkrs gS] blls vkyw tYnh lM+us yxrk gS rFkk xksnkeksa esa nqxZU/k vkus yxrh gSA o;Ld xgjs Hkwjs jax dh NksVh frryh gksrh gSA [ksr esa v.Mksa ls fudydj lawfM;k¡ ifRr;ksa esa lqjax cukrs gq;s ruksa rd igq¡p tkrh gSaA  izca/ku% vkyw dk HkaMkj.k 'khrx`g esa djsA vkyw ds vk¡[k esa ;fn dkys /kCcs fn[kkbZ nsa rks mUgsa Uk’V dj nsuk pkfg,A [kqnkbZ ds ckn vkyw dks [ksrksa esa jkr Hkj ugha NksM+uk pkfg, vU;Fkk muds o;Ld mu ij v.Ms ns nsrs gSaA [ksr esa LikbukslkM 45 ,l0lh0 dh 0-3 feyh0 ek=k izfr yhVj ikuh ds nj ls ?kksydj fNM+dko djsaA vkyw dk cht ds fy, HkaMkj.k djus ij eSykfFk;ku 5 izfr'kr dk 125 xzke /kwy
  • 29. dqjeqyk %  ;g dhV ioZrh; {ks=ksa esa yxHkx lHkh Qlyksa dks gkfu igq¡pkrk gSA bl dhV dh Øhe jax dk fxMkj vkyw ds tM+ vFkok dUnksa dks dkVdj T;knk gkfu igq¡pkrs gSa] ftlls lEiw.kZ ikS/kk lw[k tkrk gSA  izca/ku% izdk'k iziap oh0,y0 dqjeqyk VªSi dk iz;ksx djds Hk`axksa dks izpqj ek=k esa ,d lkFk ekj ldrs gSaA fxMkj ds fu;a=.k ds fy;s tSodhVuk'kh thok.kq cSflyl flfj;l LVªsu MCyw0th0ih0,l0ch0 2] dk 200 xzke ek=k 200 oxZ ehVj tehu dh nj ls xkscj vFkok dEiksLV dh [kkn esa feykdj nks ;k rhu lIrkg ds fy, Nk;knkj LFkku esa j[k nsa ,oa vafre tqrkbZ ds le; [ksr esa leku :i ls fc[ksj nsaA vflafpr {ks=ksa esa fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ ds le; nkusnkj dhVuk”kh DyksjsaVªkfuyhizksy 0-4 th dk 500 xzke@200 oxZ ehVj tehu dh nj ls HkqjHkqjh feV~Vh ;k jk[k esa feykdj [ksr esa
  • 30. nhed%  vkyw esa nhed dk izdksi vflafpr {ks=ksa esa vf/kd gksrk gSA ;g dhV ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa o Hkwfexr rus dks [kk tkrh gS ftlls ikS/kk lw[k tkrk gS rFkk rus esa feV~Vh Hkjh feyrh gS lkFk gh lw[ks ikS/kksa dks vklkuh ls fudkyk tk ldrk gSA izca/ku% ikS/kksa ij jksx ds y{k.k fn[kkbZ nsus ij dkij vkDlhDyksjkbM 2-5 xzke izfr yhVj ikuh ds nj ls 10&15 fnuksa ds vUrjky ij 2&3 fNM+dko vko';drk vuqlkj djuk pkfg,A  izca/ku% nhed ds izcU/ku ds fy, [ksrksa ds vkl&ikl nhed ds ?kjksa dks u’V dj nsuk pkfg, rFkk [ksrksa esa vPNh izdkj lM+h gqbZ xkscj dh [kkn gh Ikz;ksx djuk pkfg,A ftu [ksrksa esa nhed dk izdksi izR;sd lky gksrk gS mUkesa cqokbZ ls igys [ksr esa fQizksuhy 5 ,l0lh0 uked dhVuk”kh dh 1-0 feyh0 izfr yhVj ikuh dh nj ls ?kksydj [ksr esa rj
  • 31. नेमाटोड  साल दि साल एक ही खेत में आलू उगाने से बचें।  सक्तियों औि हिी खाद क े साथ िोट्ेशन का पालन किें।  काबोफ ु िन 3 जी (1.0 लकग्रा a.i.) 33 लकग्रा/हेक्टेयि को बुवाई क े समय फिो में िालें।  लसस्ट सूत्रक ृ लम प्रलतिोधी लकस्म क ु फिी स्वणव का चयन किे । सूत्रक ृ लम का जैलवक लनयंत्रण  10 लकग्रा/हेक्टेयि पि स्यूिोमोनास फ्लोिेसेंस का प्रयोग नेमाट्ोि आबादी को लनयंलत्रत किेगा।