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âTreatment of systemic infections with
specific drugs that selectively suppress
the infecting microorganism without
affecting the hostâ.
3. 6/15/2014 3
⢠Treatment of neoplastic diseases with
drugs is also called as Chemotherapy
⢠This is due to analogy between the
pathogenic organism and malignant cells
4. :
Naturally occurring substance produced
by the microorganism, that inhibits or
kills other microorganism at very low
concentration
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5. :
Natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic
substance that inhibits the growth or kills
bacteria
Natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic
substance that inhibits the growth or kills
microorganisms.
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6. ⢠Medications used to treat bacterial
infections
⢠Ideally, before beginning antibiotic
therapy, the suspected areas of infection
should be cultured to identify the
causative organism and potential antibiotic
susceptibilities.
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7. Treatment of an
infection before specific culture
information has been reported or
obtained
Treatment with
antibiotics to prevent an infection, as in
intra-abdominal surgery
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8. ⢠Chemical structure
⢠Type of action
⢠Spectrum of activity
⢠Type of organism against which primarily
active
⢠Source of antibiotics
⢠Mechanism of action
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10. Kill bacteria
Inhibit growth of
susceptible bacteria, rather than killing
them immediately; will eventually lead to
bacterial death
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11. ⢠Antibiotics inhibit
a narrow range of
bacteria
⢠Preferable when
organism has been
identified
⢠Antibiotics inhibit
a wide range of
bacteria
⢠Indicated if
infecting organism
not yet identified
Broad spectrum Narrow spectrum
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15. ⢠Ribosome is a protein factory in bacteria takes mRNA in and
produces proteins from them.
⢠Bacterial ribosome has 2 parts:
⢠30S binds to mRNA to translate mRNA into amino acids, which
form proteins
⢠50S required for peptide elongation
⢠3 phases from mRNA to protein
⢠Initiation
⢠Elongation
⢠Termination
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18. ⢠Enzymes required for DNA replication
⢠Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase): GyrA and GyrB
⢠Topoisomerase IV: ParC and ParE
⢠Quinolones interact/bind to the
topoisomerases, which stops DNA
replication e.g. Nalidixic Acid, Ciprofloxacin
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19. ⢠Forms a stable complex with bacterial
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
⢠Prevents chain initiation process of DNA
transcription
⢠Mammalian RNA synthesis not affected
as RNA polymerase is much less sensitive
to Rifampicin
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22. ⢠Exposure to sub-optimal levels of
antimicrobial
⢠Exposure to microbes carrying resistance
genes
23. ⢠Prescription not taken correctly
⢠Antibiotics for viral infections
⢠Antibiotics sold without medical
supervision
⢠Spread of resistant microbes in hospitals
due to lack of hygiene
24. ⢠Lack of quality control in manufacture or
outdated antimicrobial
⢠Poverty or war
⢠Use of antibiotics in foods
25. ⢠Antibiotics are used in animal feeds and
sprayed on plants to prevent infection and
promote growth
⢠Multi drug-resistant Salmonella typhi has
been found in 4 states in 18 people who
ate beef fed antibiotics