Soil pollution is defined as the build-up in soils of determined toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents, which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health.
# Main Causes of Soil Pollution
# What Diseases Does Pollution Cause
# Soil Pollution and Its Effects
# Methods to control soil pollution
# How soil pollution and soil erosion could be prevented
2. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ASIA
Submitted by: Yarn group
Name Student ID Batch
Md. Fojal Mahmud Rangon 131-0106-020
BTE (EV-25)
Md. Aminul Islam 131-0107-020
Md. Shahabuddin 131-0108-020
Md. Mahedi Hasan 131-0109-020
Md. Rafiquddin Rubel 131-0111-020
Md. Sohel Rana 131-0113-020
Md. Sabbir Hossain 131-0114-020
Md. Sakib Ullah 131-0115-020
Md. Tarif Islam 131-0116-020
Md. Mahmudul Hassan Sarker 131-0117-020
SUBMITTED TO
Lecturer of Textile Department
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4. Definition soil pollution
โข Soil pollution is defined as the build-up in soils
of determined toxic compounds, chemicals,
salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing
agents, which have adverse effects on plant
growth and animal health.
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5. Causes
โข Soil pollution can be caused by the following
๏ผ Accidental Spills
๏ผ Acid rain
๏ผ Industrial Accidents
๏ผ Deforestation
๏ผ Genetically modified plants
๏ผ Nuclear wastes
๏ผ Intensive farming
๏ผ Landfill and illegal dumping
๏ผ Mining and other industries
๏ผ Oil and fuel dumping
๏ผ Buried wastes
๏ผ Disposal of coal ash
๏ผ Electronic waste
๏ผ Disposal of ammunitions and agents of war.
๏ผ Agricultural practices, such as application of pesticides, herbicides
and fertilizers
๏ผ Drainage of contaminated surface water into the soilYarn Group 5
6. Main Causes of Soil Pollution
โข 1. Industrial Activity:
๏ผIndustrial activity has been the biggest contributor
to the problem in the last century, especially since
the amount of mining and manufacturing has
increased. Most industries are dependent on
extracting minerals from the Earth. Whether it is
iron ore or coal, the by products are contaminated
and they are not disposed off in a manner that
can be considered safe. As a result, the industrial
waste lingers in the soil surface for a long time and
makes it unsuitable for use.
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7. โข 2. Agricultural Activities:
๏ผChemical utilization has gone up tremendously since
technology provided us with modern pesticides and
fertilizers. They are full of chemicals that are not
produced in nature and cannot be broken down by it.
As a result, they seep into the ground after they mix
with water and slowly reduce the fertility of the soil.
Other chemicals damage the composition of the soil
and make it easier to erode by water and air. Plants
absorb many of these pesticides and when they
decompose, they cause soil pollution since they
become a part of the land.
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8. 3. Waste Disposal:
๏ผFinally, a growing cause for concern is how we dispose
of our waste. While industrial waste is sure to cause
contamination, there is another way in which we are
adding to the pollution. Every human produces a
certain amount of personal waste products by way or
urine and feces.
4. Accidental Oil Spills:
๏ผOil leaks can happen during storage and transport of
chemicals. This can be seen at most of the fuel
stations. The chemicals present in the fuel
deteriorates the quality of soil and make them
unsuitable for cultivation. These chemicals can enter
into the groundwater through soil and make the water
undrinkable.
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9. What Diseases Does Pollution Cause
โข Pollution is responsible for a host of medical
conditions throughout the world. When
someone asks, "What does pollution cause,"
in terms of health problems, the answer is a
wide range of natural and economical issues.
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10. Soil Pollution and Its Effects
โข Soil pollution may affect all of us as well as plants and
animals. However, children are usually more
susceptible. This is because kids are more sensitive to
various pollutants and they may come in close contact
with soil by regularly playing in the ground for
example. Thus, soil pollution for kids always involves
higher risks than for adults. While anyone is
susceptible to soil pollution, soil pollution effects may
vary based on age, general health status and other
factors.
โข A more detailed explanation of various processes
contributing to soil pollution, along with concrete
examples of the most common soil pollutants
generating soil poisoning issues are given below.
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11. 1. Effect on Health of Humans
โข Considering how soil is the reason we are able to
sustain ourselves, the contamination of it has major
consequences on our health. Crops and plants grown
on polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and then
pass these on to us. This could explain the sudden
surge in small and terminal illnesses.
โข Long term exposure to such soil can affect the genetic
make-up of the body, causing congenital illnesses and
chronic health problems that cannot be cured easily. In
fact, it can sicken the livestock to a considerable extent
and cause food poisoning over a long period of time.
The soil pollution can even lead to widespread famines
if the plants are unable to grow in it.
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12. 2. Effect on Growth of Plants:
โข The ecological balance of any system gets affected due
to the widespread contamination of the soil. Most
plants are unable to adapt when the chemistry of the
soil changes so radically in a short period of time. Fungi
and bacteria found in the soil that bind it together
begin to decline, which creates an additional problem
of soil erosion.
โข The fertility slowly diminishes, making land unsuitable
for agriculture and any local vegetation to survive. The
soil pollution causes large tracts of land to become
hazardous to health. Unlike deserts, which are suitable
for its native vegetation, such land cannot support
most forms of life.
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13. 3. Decreased Soil Fertility:
โข The toxic chemicals present in the soil can
decrease soil fertility and therefore decrease
in the soil yield. The contaminated soil is then
used to produce fruits and vegetables which
lacks quality nutrients and may contain some
poisonous substance to cause serious health
problems in people consuming them.
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14. 4. Toxic Dust:
โข The emission of toxic and foul gases from
landfills pollutes the environment and causes
serious effects on health of some people. The
unpleasant smell causes inconvenience to
other people.
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15. 5. Changes in Soil Structure:
โข The death of many soil organisms (e.g.
earthworms) in the soil can lead to alteration
in soil structure. Apart from that, it could also
force other predators to move to other places
in search of food.
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16. Methods to control soil pollution
โข There are many factors which control the soil pollution. It
includes the limited use of fertilizers and pesticides. The
biological control method must be known and implemented.
The grazing must be controlled and forest management
should be done properly. The afforestation and reforestation
must be done. In areas of wind erosion wind breaks and
shields must be used. The soil binding grass must be planted
and the large trees must be placed along the banks. The
industrial wastes must be dumped in the low lying areas.
There is a definite technique of cropping which does not
allow the weeds to settle on the fields. The mining ways must
be improved along with their transportation.
The area must not be left barren and dry
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17. How soil pollution and soil erosion
could be prevented
โข proper planting of plants with extensive root
systems helps to prevent soil erosion as the roots
hold the soil in place. Plants that break down
and/or sequester contaminates can be used to
prevent the spread of pollution. Reforming
farming practices to reduce soil erosion and
Industry to reduce the quantity of pollutants can
also be effective at preventing soil erosion and
pollution from occurring. Low till farming and
green chemistry are two examples of
technologies that can reduce soil erosion and
pollution in that order.
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