GraalVM and MicroProfile: A Polyglot Microservices Solution

@radcortez @CesarHgt @tomitribehttps://www.tomitribe.com/codeone/dev6016/
Roberto Cortez, César Hernández
GraalVM and MicroProfile:
A Polyglot Microservices Solution

@CesarHgt @ivanjunckes @tomitribetomitribe.com/codeone/dev5933/
SPEAKERS
Roberto Cortez
● Blogger, Youtuber, Speaker
● +10 years of experience with Java
César Hernández
● Senior Software Engineer at Tomitribe
● Java Champion
● Duke’s Choice Award 2016, 2017
● Oracle Certified Professional
● +10 experience with Java EE
● Eclipse Committer: Jakarta EE TCK,
JAX-WS and Microprofile.
● Open Source advocate, teacher and
public speaker
● Senior Software Engineer at Tomitribe
● Java Champion & Oracle Groundbreaker
● JUG Leader Coimbra JUG & vJUG
● JNation Conference Founder & Organizer

Questions?
As soon as you have them!

Agenda
● Microservices!
● What is GraalVM?
● What is MicroProfile?
● Demos

Microservices anyone?

Microservices
● Have you heard about Microservices?
● How big is a micro?
● Who develops Microservices?
● Who deploys Microservices?
● Who likes Microservices?

What do others think?

Why Microservices?
● Deliver new features quicker
● Smaller, agile teams
● Scale services independently
● Cloud

Microservice Hell?
● Supporting Multiple Languages
○ Java (and JVM Languages), Node, Python, Ruby, PHP, Go, etc, etc.
● Different libraries to cover same features
● Increased complexity
● Research time
● May need to rewrite your libraries for all languages

GraalVM

GraalVM
● Universal virtual machine
● JavaScript, Python, Ruby, R, JVM-based languages (Java, Scala, Kotlin),
and LLVM-based languages (C and C++)
● Open Source Project (GPL2 /w CPE)
● https://www.graalvm.org/
● https://github.com/oracle/graal

GraalVM Architecture

DEMO
Installation and run a simple app with GraalVM

Why GraalVM?
● Native Images
● Interoperability
● Reuse Libraries
● Shared Tools
● Run Java faster

Native Image
native-image -cp target/number.api.jar
org.tomitribe.graalvm.microprofile.number.api.NumberResource
native-image -jar target/number-api.jar

DEMO
Native image Java app with GraalVM

Interoperability
var fileClass = Java.type("java.io.File");
var file = new FileClass("file.txt");
file.exists();
var file = new (Java.type("java.io.File"))("file.txt");
var pathSeparator = Java.type("java.io.File").pathSeparator;

Reuse Libraries
--jvm allows you to execute the application in the JVM and pass in a
classpath to use libraries.
node --jvm --jvm.cp=library.jar app.js
ruby --jvm --jvm.cp=library.jar ruby.rb
graalpython --jvm --jvm.cp=library.jar python.py

NPM module, Ruby gem or R package compatibility?
https://www.graalvm.org/docs/reference-manual/compatibility/

MicroProfile

MicroProfile
● http://microprofile.io
● Enterprise Java for MicroServices
● Open Source (Eclipse)
● Implemented by different vendors.
● Application portability across runtimes.

MicroProfile 2.1

MicroProfile Implementations
● Apache TomEE
● Payara Micro
● Thorntail
● WebSphere Liberty
● KumuluzEE
● SmallRye

What is TomEE?
● Tomcat + Jakarta EE = TomEE
● Built within the OpenEJB community to offer a lightweight alternative
with Tomcat being the top dog.
● TomEE 8 is a MicroProfile implementation
● Supports MicroProfile 1.3.
● Planned support for MicroProfile 2.x.

Configuration
● Applications need configuration based on their running environment
● It must be possible to change configuration without repacking the
application.
● Java - MicroProfile Config
● Node - Node Convict
● Ruby - dotenv?

MicroProfile Config
Config config = ConfigProvider.getConfig();
String url = config.getValue("connection.url", String.class);
String optionalUrl = config.getOptionalValue("connection.url",
String.class).orElse("something");

Demo
MicroProfile Config in Node and Ruby app

Fault Tolerance
● Guide the execution and result of some logic
● Circuit Breaker, TimeOut, Retry, Fallback and Bulkhead
● Java - MicroProfile Config
● Node - Opossum
● Ruby - CircuitBox

MicroProfile Fault Tolerance
@CircuitBreaker
@Fallback(NumberFallbackHandler.class)
public String getNumber();
public class NumberFallbackHandler implements FallbackHandler<String> {
@Override
public String handle(final ExecutionContext executionContext) {
...
}
}

Rest Client
● Microservices typically talk REST to other services
● Consistent and easy to use
● Java - MicroProfile Rest Client (inspired by Feign)
● Node - Node Rest Client
● Ruby - Ruby Rest Client

MicroProfile Rest Client
@Dependent
@RegisterRestClient
@Path("/number")
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
@Consumes(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
public interface NumberResourceClient {
@GET
@Path("/generate")
String getNumber();
}

DEMO
MicroProfile Rest Client and Fault Tolerance in Ruby and Python app

Security
● Security Token
● Lightweight way to propagate identities across different services
● Java - MicroProfile JWT Propagation
● Node - express-jwt
● Ruby - ruby-jwt

Health Check
● Probe the state of a computer node
● Automated processes to maintain the state of the nodes
● Java - MicroProfile Healthchecks
● Node - express-healthcheck
● Ruby - okcomputer

Metrics
● Monitor essential System Parameters
● Ensure reliable operation of Software
● Java - MicroProfile Metrics
● Node - appmetrics
● Ruby - ???

DEMO
Polyglot App with Microprofile Architecture

movies-app
Angular JS,
Java
API
Gateway
comments-api
NodeJS
number-api
NodeJS,
Ruby, Java
libraries.jar
Java
number-api-client
Ruby, Python

Limitations
● Dynamic Class Loading (native images)
https://github.com/oracle/graal/blob/master/substratevm/LIMITATIONS.md
● Manage your own classpath (for integration)
● Lack of tooling
● Not much information around
● Python still in early support stage. No support for Rails.

Production Ready?
● OK for JVM Languages and JS
● Other languages may not work fully
● Twitter is using it in production already
● Consider performance
● Try it out!

Final Thoughts
● GraalVM could potentially improve MicroServices development
● It could help bring technologies together
● Pick one of your favorites languages (from the supported ones)
● Consistency
● No boundaries

https://www.tomitribe.com/codeone/dev6016
https://github.com/tomitribe/graalvm-microprofile
Slides and demo
Contact us @TOMITRIBE

GraalVM and MicroProfile: A Polyglot Microservices Solution

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