2. Goal of science?
Investigate, Explain, and Understand nature
Use explanations to make useful predictions
3. Observations – gathered by the use of 1 or more
senses
Produces evidence / data
Ex. There are mini-skeletons hanging from the
ceiling
4. Inference assumption based on
something you already knew or
have observed
Ex: the clouds are gray and dark
when it is raining
5. Data
Quantitative – data that is measured
using numbers
There are 10 goats eating grass.
Qualitative – characteristics not
countable such as color, texture, smell
His shirt is soft and green.
6. What are some roles of
biologists?
1. Study the diversity of life
2. Research Diseases
3. Develop Technology
4. Improve Agriculture
5. Preserve the Environment
7. Theory
A theory is an explanation of
observations that have been
tested many times and the same
result is given.
Ex. Theory of evolution
8. Peer Review
Before research is made public, information
is reviewed by scientists’ peers.
9. Variables
Variables – factors in experiment that change
Control Group- group that doesn’t change
Change only 1 variable in the exp. all others
remain constant
Independent variable – factor that is deliberately
changed (manipulated variable)
Plotted on X-Axis
Dependent variable – factor that is observed and
changes in response to the independent variable
(responding variable)
Plotted on Y-Axis
10. Scientific Method
State the problem
Hypothesis
Experiment
Collect & Analyze Date
Conclusion
11. State the problem
Observations
Questions
―What’s the problem?’
Ex. My car won’t start! Why?
12. Form a hypothesis
Is written If…then statement
Must be testable
Prediction
Ex. If I fill my car up with gas, then it will start.
13. Experiment
Tests the hypothesis
Using independent & dependent variables
Control variable
Constants
14. Recording and Analyzing Results
Use of charts, tables, graphs
Look for patterns
Qualitative & Quantitative
15. Draw a conclusion
Was the hypothesis supported or refuted by the
data?
Summarize experiment
Explain results
16. 8 Characteristics Unicellular
of LIFE
1. Made up of Cells.
*Cells are basic unit of life
Unicellular: one cell
Multicellular
Multicellular: 2 or more
cells
17. Asexual
2. Reproduce
*Produce offspring
Asexual
reproduction: only 1
parent
Sexual Sexual reproduction:
requires 2 parents
19. 4. Living things Grow and
Develop
*Living things have a lifespan
GROW: increase in size & shape
DEVELOP: mature over time
Growth
Development
20. 5. Need Energy
*Energy comes from
food
AUTOTROPH: produce
own food
HETEROTROPH: must
consume food
DECOMPOSER: absorbs
nutrients for food
21. 6. Respond to
stimuli
~Stimulus: provoking
agent
~Response: reaction to
stimulus
Ex. I touch a hot stove so
I jerk my hand back in
pain.
22. 7. Living things maintain
homeostasis
a.) HOMEOSTASIS: internal balance
b.) examples: sweating, panting,
shivering, etc.
23. 8. Living things
Evolve
a.) adapt to changes in
environment
b.) change to better
survive in environment
c.) changes take place
over a long period of
time
d.) involve the entire
species
24. 8 characteristics of Life
1.Made of cells
2.Reproduce
3.Evolve
4.Maintain homeostasis
5.Respond to stimulus
6.Metabolism (Use/obtain energy)
7.Grow & develop
8.Based on genetic code (DNA/RNA)
28. Measurements
Surface area--square meters
m2, cm2
Volume of solid--cubic
meters (m3) v=lwh
volume of liquids—(liters)
~view at meniscus
mass– (grams) measured by
balance scale
29. Metric units
Length = meters (m)
Mass = grams (g)
Volume = liters (L) or
cubic m (m3)
30. temperature
o
0 C= freezing point of water
o
100 C= boiling point of water
31. Microscopes
Microscopes are devices that produce
magnified images of structures that are too
small to see
Two main types of microscopes:
1. Light microscopes
2. Electron microscopes
