GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM (GIS) DISORDERS

1. DR.QURATULAIN MUGHAL
(DPT)
ISRA UNIVERSITY,KARACHI
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2. 1. Difficulty with swallowing
2. Heartburn
3. Indigestion
4. Change in appetite
5. Change in bowel function
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3. DEFINITION:
“Is the medical term for the symptom of
difficulty in swallowing.”
Dysphagia is classified into the following major
types:
A) Oropharyngeal dysphagia
B) Esophageal dysphagia
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4.  Arises from abnormalities of muscles, nerves
or structures of the oral cavity, pharynx, and
upper esophageal sphincter.
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5.  Is a form of dysphagia where the underlying
cause arises from the body of the esophagus,
lower esophageal sphincter, or cardia of the
stomach, usually due to mechanical causes or
motility problems.
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7.  Also known as acid indigestion.
DEFINITION:
“Is a burning sensation in the central chest
or upper central abdomen.”
 The pain often rises in the chest and may
radiate to the neck, throat, or angle of the
jaw.
CAUSES:
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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8.  Also known as dyspepsia.
DEFINITION:
“Is a condition of impaired digestion.”
Symptoms:
 upper abdominal fullness
 Heartburn
 Nausea
 Belching
 upper abdominal pain
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9.  Non-ulcer indigestion
 Post-infectious
 Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
 Liver and pancreas diseases
 Food or drug intolerance
 Helicobacter pylori infection
 Systemic diseases
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10.  Appetite is the desire to eat food, sometimes
due to hunger.
 It is regulated by a close interplay between
the digestive tract, adipose tissue and
the brain.
 Problem in these pathways can alter your
appetite.
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11.  Decreased desire to eat is termed anorexia.
 While polyphagia (or "hyperphagia") is
increased eating.
 loss of appetite cachexia.
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12.  Colon cancer
 Ovarian cancer
 Stomach cancer
 Pancreatic cancer
 Emotions such as sadness, depression, or
grief
 Use of certain medicines, including
antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, codeine,
and morphine.
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13.  Defecation or bowel function is the final
act of digestion, by which organisms
eliminate solid, semisolid, or
liquid waste material from the digestive
tract via the anus.
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14. Abnormal changes in the color of your stool
can include:
 black, tarry stools
 clay-colored stools
 deep red stools
 white-colored stools
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15. Changes in the consistency of stool include:
 dry stools
 hard stools
 mucus or fluid that leaks out around the stool
 watery, loose stools (known as diarrhea)
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16.  celiac disease
 Crohn’s disease
 diverticulosis
 hyperthyroidism
 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
 ulcerative colitis
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