Topic 2.2 communities and ecosystems photosynthesis and respiration ss
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Topic 2.2 Communities and Ecosystem - Photosynthesis and Respiration for the IB DP Environmental Systems and Societies Course. The role of photosynthesis in the ecosystems Limits to photosynthesis in the ecosystem Respiration in the ecosystem Foundation of energy flow in the ecosystem
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Topic 2.2 communities and ecosystems photosynthesis and respiration ss
- 1. Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology
- 2. Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.1:Species and Populations Further Resources Detailed revision and learning material for this topic is available at: Four Corners Education Course page http://fourcornerseducation.net/four-corners-online-courses/ Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.1:Species and Populations Topic 2.2 Communities and Ecosystems Topic 2.2 Communities and Ecosystems
- 3. The interactions of species with their environment result in energy and nutrient flows. Photosynthesis and respiration play a significant role in the flow of energy in communities. The feeding relationships of species in a system can be modelled using food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems Main ideas
- 4. The interactions of species with their environment result in energy and nutrient flows. Photosynthesis and respiration play a significant role in the flow of energy in communities. The feeding relationships of species in a system can be modelled using food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems Main ideas
- 5. Community A group of populations living and interacting with each other in a common habitat Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 6. Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems Community Plant community at the base of an Oak tee in a Western Atlantic temperate woodland
- 7. Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems Ecosystem A Community and its abiotic environment Or An ecosystem is a community and the physical environment with which it interacts Community Physical Environment Ecosystem
- 8. The starting point of all energy in ecosystems is the sun. But only organisms which photosynthesise can obtain energy directly from the sun. And as we have already seen not all of the planet receives the same amount of solar energy All other organisms obtain energy by eating Energy in the Ecosystem Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems At the Poles the suns energy is spread over a large area At the Equator the suns energy is spread over a small area
- 9. Inputs of Water,Carbon Dioxide and Sunlight Light energy is trapped by the chlorophyll inside the chloroplasts Energy is released,splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen Oxygen is realesed to the atmosphere The hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide to make glucose Photosynthesis Involves Inputs Processes Outputs Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 10. Inputs Sunlight Carbon dioxide Water Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere Water from the soil Sunlight Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 11. Process Chlorophyll traps sunlight The energy splits water molecules Combines the hydrogen liberated with Carbon dioxide Light energy is trapped by the chlorophyll inside the chloroplasts Energy is released,splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen Oxygen is realesed The hydrogen combines with carbon dioxide Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 12. Outputs Glucose used as an energy source by the plant Oxygen released to the atmosphere Oxygen Released Glucose produced used as energy source by whole plant Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 13. Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems Glucose Oxygen Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide Sunlight Water Inputs Process Outputs
- 14. Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Transformations: Photosynthesis •Light energy •To •Stored chemical energy Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems Howard T. Odum, Systems Ecology: an Introduction, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1983 System diagram for the transformation in photosynthesis based on Odum’s energese Light energy Photosynthesis Biomass
- 15. What does it do? Powers the whole ecosystem Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 16. What does it do? Provides the building blocks to produce all other biological molecules Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 17. What does it do? Provides the building blocks to produce all other biological molecules Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems carbon dioxide + water. ︎ glucose + oxygen
- 18. What does it do? Provides the building blocks to produce all other biological molecules Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems carbon dioxide + water. ︎ glucose + oxygen
- 19. Photosynthesis produces the raw material for producing biomass. This becomes the energy source for all other organisms. Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems carbon dioxide + water. ︎ glucose + oxygen
- 20. The total amount of energy available to all other organisms in any ecosystem depends on the amount of photosynthesis Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems carbon dioxide + water. ︎ glucose + oxygen
- 21. Producers (plants) are the starting point of all energy available for an ecosystem Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer Trophic Level 1 Trophic Level 3 Trophic Level 4 Trophic Level 2 Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems
- 22. Respiration In plants Photosynthesis and Respiration both occur Animal depend on the biomass produced by photosynthesis as the energy source for respiration Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 23. Respiration the release of energy from glucose or other organic substances inside living cells Glucose Conversion process (respiration) Energy Released Oxygen Carbon Dioxide and Water Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 24. Respiration Energy lost as Heat Food in Oxygen from the atmosphere Cellular respiration Oxidation of Glucose Releases energy to drive life processes Carbon dioxide and water vapour released Inputs of Glucose and Oxygen Oxidation process in the cells Release of energy for work and heat Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 25. Respiration dissipates energy as heat Increases entropy in the ecosystem But this allows organisms to maintain order and a relatively low internal entropy Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems Heat
- 26. Transformations: Respiration • Stored chemical energy • To • Kinetic energy and • Heat Photosynthesis and Respiration in Ecosystems Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems Chemical Energy Stored in biomass Kinetic Energy Work Heat
- 27. Plants capture the suns energy and convert it to glucose, herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat herbivores - different feeding levels (Greek for food is trophe) Trophic level 1 - producer Trophic level 2 - herbivore (primary consumers) Trophic level 3 - carnivore (secondary consumers) Trophic level 4 - carnivore (tertiary consumer) The first trophic level, the autotrophs supports the energy requirements of all the other trophic levels above. Trophic level 1 Trophic level 2 Trophic level 3 Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 28. Trophic level:The position that an organism occupies in a food chain, or a group of organisms in a community that occupy the same position in food chains. It is possible to classify the way organisms obtain energy into two categories. Producers or Autotrophs: These manufacture their own food from simple inorganic substances (plants) Consumers or Heterotrophs: Feed on autotrophs or other heterotrophs to obtain energy (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detrivores and decomposers But within the consumers their is a feeding hierarchy of feeding Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 29. Ecosystems have an hierarchy of feeding relationships . The energy flow in the ecosystem can be illustrated as a Food chain. The arrows show the direction that energy flows Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer Trophic Level 1 Trophic Level 3 Trophic Level 4 Trophic Level 2 Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems Feeding relationships in ecosystems
- 30. Work cited: Howard T. Odum, Systems Ecology: an Introduction, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1983 NB* Unless stated in the presentation all illustrations, figures and images are the property and copyright of N Gardner. sciencebitz.com Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems
- 31. Extended resources and further reading A very good online article using Odum’s work on the Silversprings catchment to illustrate how energy flows through an ecosystem. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/energy-flow-through-ecosystems/ Topic 2: Ecosystems and Ecology Topic 2.2: Communities and Ecosystems